CCNP实验汇总

1、实验要求1 用静态路由实现负载均衡从 R2 发出到达11.1.1.0/24 网段的流量经过S0/0 和 S0/1 接口负载均衡。实验步骤按实验拓扑搭建网络，配置各台路由器的IP 地址，并且使用ping 命令确认各路由器之间直连链路的互通性。R3 配置：R3(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.1R1 配置：R1(config)#ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.3R2 配置：R2分别配置两条静态路由，下一跳分别是R2(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.

2、0 12.1.1.1R2(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.3R2(config)#no ip cef验证结果：在 R2 上查看路由表：Router#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/122.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC22.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopb

3、ack011.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsS11.1.1.0 1/0 via 23.1.1.31/0 via 12.1.1.112.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0在 R2上 ping 11.1.1.1!同时 在 R1 上观察调试信息R1#debug ip icmpICMP packet debugging is on*Mar 1 01:49:41.127: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1*Mar 1

4、01:49:41.155: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1*Mar 1 01:49:41.175: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1*Mar 1 01:49:41.183: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1*Mar 1 01:49:41.199: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1首先保证R3到 11.1.1.0网段以及R1到 23.1.1.0网段的可用性R1和 R3由于CEF快速交换方式会影响实验结果，因此必须关闭R2到达 11.1.1.0网

5、段的两条等价静态路由，负载均衡dst 12.1.1.2dst 23.1.1.2dst 12.1.1.2dst 23.1.1.2dst 12.1.1.22 用静态路由实现负载均衡2实验要求从 R1 ping R4的4.4.4.4，要求ICMP 数据包去和回来走的路径不同，即实现了负载均衡。实验步骤基础配置省略，子网掩码都是/24R1(config)#ip route 4.4.4.4255.255.255.0192.168.1.2利用默认路由设置R3到 R1的回包路径R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.2.1R3(config)#ip route 0

6、.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.3.1验证结果：用扩展pingR1#pingProtocol ip:Target IP address: 4.4.4.4Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Timeout in seconds 2:Extended commands n: ySource address or interface: 1.1.1.1Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? no:Validate reply data? no:Data pattern 0xABCD:Loose, Strict, Re

7、cord, Timestamp, Verbosenone: rPT中不支持这个参数Number of hops 9 :Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV:Sweep range of sizes n:Record route:(192.168.1.1)去(4.4.4.4)目的地(192.168.3.2)回的路径(192.168.2.2)回的路径(1.1.1.1) <*>源3 RIPv1 负载均衡实验要求RIP 的负载均衡由跳数决定，如果跳数相同则起负载均衡，这里我们从R1 的 Loop0 口 ping R3的 S0/1 口，因为有

8、2 条到 R3 的 S0/1 口为 2 跳的路径，所以可以起负载均衡。实验步骤1. 路由器基础配置(省略)2. 宣告 RIPR1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0R1(config-router)#no auto-summaryR2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0R2(config-router)#n

9、etwork 192.168.3.0R2(config-router)#no auto-summaryR3(config)#router ripR3(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0R3(config-router)#no auto-summary查看 R1 上的路由表R1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 s

10、ubnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0R 4.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet1/0C192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:26

11、, Serial0/0120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet1/0我们已经看到到192.168.3.0 去的路由已经产生了负载均衡的现象，他们的跳数是相同的。用扩展 ping 进一步验证，这里省略。4 RIPv2汇总实验实验目的RIP 的第二代协议，它与 RIP 的主要区别在于一个是RIP 发包走的是广播，RIPv2 发包走的是组播，另外一个就是RIPv2 支持变长VLSM 可扩展的子网掩码，支持手动汇总，通过实验观察RIPv2 如何支持VLSM 以及自动汇总与手动汇总的区别。实验拓扑实验步骤1. 路由器基础配置(省略)2. 宣告 RIPR1

12、(config )#router ripR1(config-route)#version 2R1(config-route)#network 1.0.0.0R1(config-route)#network 10.0.0.0R1(config-route)#network 192.168.2.0R1(config-route)#network 192.168.10.0R2(config )#router ripR2(config-route)#version 2R2(config-route)#network 192.168.2.0R2(config-route)#network 192.168

13、.3.0R3(config )#router ripR3(config-route)#version 2R3(config-route)#network 3.0.0.0R3(config-route)#network 192.168.3.0R3(config-route)#network 192.168.10.0查看路由表R1#show ip route1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:02,

14、Ethernet0C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnetsC10.1.3.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback4C10.1.2.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback3C10.1.1.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback2C10.1.5.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback6C10.1.4.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback5C 192.

15、168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial0R2#show ip routeR1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1R3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:29, Serial0R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1R 10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192

16、.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R3#show ip route1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet03.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connec

17、ted, Ethernet0R 10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0R 192.168.2.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial1C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1因为RIPV2 汇总默认是启动的，所以我们在这里看到，在R2上还是汇总以后的路由表。R1 上去掉自动路由汇总，然后观察路由表R1 (config)#router ripR1 (config-route)#no auto-summaryR1#show ip

18、 route1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:02, Ethernet0C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnetsC10.1.3.0 is directlyconnected, Loopback4C10.1.2.0 is directlyconnected, Loopb

19、ack3C10.1.1.0 is directlyconnected, Loopback2C10.1.5.0 is directlyconnected, Loopback6C10.1.4.0 is directlyconnected, Loopback5C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial0R2#show ip route1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksR

20、1.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial1R 1.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial010.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masksR10.1.3.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00

21、:00:01, Serial1R10.1.2.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00:00:02, Serial1R10.1.1.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00:00:02, Serial1R 10.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:02, Serial0R10.1.5.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00:00:02, Serial1R10.1.4.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00:00:02, Serial1C192.168.2.0/24 is directly conn

22、ected, Serial1C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R3#show ip route 省略，没有发生变化观察 R2 上的路由表变化，当我们去掉R1 上的自动汇总以后，R1 传给 R2 的路由将不再是汇总的。R1 上设置手动汇总，观察手动汇总的结果手动汇总的命令：R1(config-if)#int s0R1(config-if)#ip summary-address rip 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0观察 R2的路由表：R2#show ip route1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted,

23、 2 subnets, 2 masksR 1.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 1.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial1R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial110.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksR 10.0.0.0/8 1

24、20/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 10.1.0.0/16 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0再次观察R2 上的路由表与手动汇总之前的不同，显然手动汇总已经起了作用。实验目的5 RIP单播和被动接口根据实验的内容我们可以掌握，被动接口在RIP 中的作用，什么是被动接口，以及起了被动接口有什么好处，单播与被动接口有什么关系，

25、二者如何配合使用。另外，实验拓扑实验步骤1. 路由器基础配置(省略)(实验中e0口用f口代替，R1为 S1口，R2为 S0口)2. 宣告 RIPR1(config )#router ripR1(config-router )#network 199.99.1.0R1(config-router )#network 199.99.2.0R2(config )#router ripR2(config-router )# network 198.98.97.0R2(config-router )# network 198.98.98.0R2(config-router )# network 199.

26、99.2.0R2(config-router )# network 199.99.3.03查看两台路由器的路由表，看路由表象是否已经全。R1#sh ip routeR 199.99.3.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1C199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1C199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R198.98.97.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1R198.98.98.0/24

27、120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1R2#sh ip routeC199.99.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0C199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R 199.99.1.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:11, Serial0C198.98.97.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1C198.98.98.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback04查看两

28、台路由器的数据库，其实数据库才应该是我们真正关心的东西，能够进入数据库就一定可以进入路由表。r1#sh ip rip da198.98.97.0/24 auto-summary198.98.97.0/241 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1198.98.98.0/24 auto-summary198.98.98.0/241 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1199.99.1.0/24199.99.1.0/24199.99.2.0/24199.99.2.0/24199.99.3.0/24199.99.3.0/24auto-summ

29、arydirectly connected, Ethernet0 auto-summarydirectly connected, Serial1auto-summaryr2#sh ip rip da 198.98.97.0/24 198.98.97.0/24 198.98.98.0/24 198.98.98.0/24 199.99.1.0/24 199.99.1.0/241 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1auto-summarydirectly connected, Loopback1 auto-summarydirectly connected, Loop

30、back0 auto-summary1 via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:07, Serial0199.99.2.0/24 auto-summary199.99.2.0/24199.99.3.0/24199.99.3.0/245查看R1 中的r1#directly connected, Serial0 auto-summarydirectly connected, Ethernet0debug 信息，看RIP 发包的情况。00:57:40: RIP: ignored v1 update from bad source 199.99.3.1 on Ethernet000:57:40:

31、RIP: received v1 update from 199.99.2.2 on Serial100:57:40:198.98.97.0 in 1 hops00:57:40:198.98.98.0 in 1 hops00:57:40:199.99.3.0 in 1 hopsr1#00:57:49: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (199.99.1.1)00:57:49: RIP: build update entries00:57:49:network 198.98.97.0 metric 200:57:49

32、:network 198.98.98.0 metric 200:57:49: netw .99.2.0 me ork 199 tric 100:57:49: network 199.99.3.0 metric 200:57:49: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (199.99.2.1)00:57:49: RIP: build update entries00:57:49: network 199.99.1.0 metric 1我们发现R1 把收到的所有的包，以广播的形式向自己直连的接口进行扩散，达到路由学习的目的，如

33、果我们不允许R1 的这种扩散，我们需要通过被动接口来实现。6被动接口与debug 信息r1(config)#router ripr1(config-router)#passive-interface default / 配置所有的接口为被动，所谓被动就是只收不发。这时候看debug 得出：00:57:40: RIP: ignored v1 update from bad source 199.99.3.1 on Ethernet000:57:40: RIP: received v1 update from 199.99.2.2 on Serial1它只是收到数据包，而不发包，这个时候，我们重新计算R1 与 R2 的路由表