商务英语期末笔头考试范围

1、商务英语复习 1重点词汇unit 1-2的重点词汇28 / 28文档可自由编辑打印take over收购，接管take on responsibility承担责任throw new light on 提供线索、情况behind schedule 落后进度to set (targets) v. 设立目标survival course 生存训练deadline  n.最后期限trade fair 交易会subsidiary 子公司complimentary ticket 免费赠送的票seminar 研讨会dominance: n. 占据统治地位idiomatic express

2、ions 习惯用语cross-cultural issues 跨文化问题be insensitive to对不敏感criteria    n.  标准round (of golf) 一轮比赛，一场（高尔夫球赛）negotiation     n.  谈判, 协商, 讨价还价questionnaire   n.  调查表, 问卷contract    n.  合约，合同 v. 订约, 承包grateful   adj.

3、  感谢的, 感激的distinctive adj.有特色的entertaining: adj.有趣的, 娱乐的 unit 3-4的重点词汇to confirm (an order): 确认 (订单) confirmation: 确认；证明 delivery: 递送，交付（信件、货物等）to diversify      v.使多样化 to boost (profits)  提高利润headquarters：总部commitment   承担义务（许诺）cash flow: 现金流量t

4、o maintain (goodwill)  v. 保持（友好关系/信誉）margin 利润to finalise (the detail)   把最终定下，定稿mortgage   n.& v. 抵押under way 在进行中credit cards 信用卡personal loan 个人贷款competitive advantage 竞争优势brand loyalty 品牌忠诚to stretch a brand延伸品牌saturate 使饱和 saturated   adj.饱和的publicity n.报道

5、; 宣传be set to do sth必将be bound to do sth 必定It really pays to do something做某件事情很值得cash discounts 现金折扣incentive  n.动机& adj.激励的 unit 5-6的重点词汇relocate v.搬迁successive adj.继承的，连续的distribution network 配送网络sophisticated adj.精密的，先进的，老练的to fulfil (needs): v.履行grant：n.&v. 同意，准予to assess: v.对进

6、行评估(easy)access: n. 接近，进入，通道impressive: adj.予人深刻印象的，令人钦佩的endorse v.请名人为商品做广告work ethic 职业道德logistic adj.物流的 logistics n. 物流spectacular adj.壮观的turnover n.营业额company performance 公司绩效disposal n.处理(财产等的)出售assets n.资产acquisition n. 获得征购(土地等), 采购dividend n. 红利, 股息rumour n. 亦作rumor 谣言, 传闻v.谣传to comply with

7、(regulations) 遵从 服从 顺从environmental impact 环境冲击、影响hazardous adj.危险的, 有害的 collapse/to collapsevi.倒坍崩溃（价格等）暴跌priority n.(时间、顺序上的)先、前优先, 重点; 优先权 to pose a threat to 对产生/构成威胁recycle v.再使用，循环使用unit 7-8的重点词汇maintenance n.维修，维修部门sustain v.遭受hazard n.危险，危害risk assessment 风险评估to take precautions采取防范措施take in

8、to account 把考虑进去in place 适宜go to court 上法庭in ones own right 凭本身的权利、能力、资格等to abuse (a system) v.滥用（系统、制度、设备）award v.裁定，判给breach v.违反implement v.实施claim n.索赔to draw up/formulate a policy 起草一份政策规定unfair dismissal 不公正的解雇to commute v.上下班往返两地to negotiate v.商议，谈判，交涉to prioritise v.按重要性排列to incur(expenses):

9、 v.蒙受claim v.要求报销authorize v.批准make an expenses claim for 要求报销的费用secure a contract 赢得一份合同undertake a survey 进行调查check out of (the hotel) 结帐settle the balance 结清余额（Tips: Dont memorize the above words in isolation. Learn them in contexts. 不要孤立地死记上述词汇，应回到原课文中，联系上下文来记忆学习。）2阅读信息匹配题的复习范围：P29，P53，P853英译中的复

10、习范围：P8 para2-3 P12 para 2,3,5 P24 para 3, 5, 6 P44 para 5-6 P97 para 1, 4, 6 P100 para 5, 6,7(Note: P97 para 4: Step 1 Walk around; para 6: Step 3 Even after)Unit one A Teamwork第一单元 A 团队合作Assessing teams 团队评估词汇准备work towards a common objective 朝同一个目标共同努力share information 共享信息different point of view

11、不同的观点(be) under pressure 有压力toiletries 化妆品厂，清洁、化妆用品公司major brand 主导品牌sales department 销售部门sales staff 销售人员company culture 公司文化expatriate 旅居海外的management consultant 管理顾问managerial skills 管理技能creative thinking 创新技能team building 团队建设effective management style 有效的管理方式a survival course 生存技巧培训课程food and a

12、ccommodation 食宿profile 简介，小传，概况simulation 模拟训练marketing mania 营销激情go for profit 追求利润behind schedule 进度落后计划stick to the schedule 严格按照计划进行口语参考词汇和表达co-operative 齐心协力的have communication problems 交流有困难attach importance to team building 重视团队建设develop team work 开拓/促进团队协作an effective team 精锐的团队a high-perfor

13、mance unit 高效的团队exchange of views 交流看法emphasize team spirit 强调团队精神share the same value 具有相同的价值观collective efforts 共同的努力阅读思考P8 para2-3Read the article about how Cussons developed teamwork at its Polish subsidiaries. What did Cussons do? What benefits did this bring?No longer Poles apartWhen Peter Wel

14、ch, president of Cussons Polska and Uroda SA, arrived at Cussons newly acquired factory in Poland in 1993, he discovered that the concept of teamwork didnt exist. The guy who ran it before had a queue of people outside his office waiting for decisions on everything from taking a days holiday to majo

15、r investments. All decisions were made by one man. Cussons entered Poland by taking over a manufacturer of cleaning products in Wroclaw. Two years later they bought Warsaw-based Uroda toiletries. Turnover increased at Wroclaw from £11m to £ 50m and the smaller Uroda quickly grew into a

16、63; 22 m business. Both businesses are now major brands in Poland and export to other eastern European markets.But in spite of these successes, it is still hard to develop new approaches.The company culture here is the result of fifty years of regulation and control.explains Welch. Its not easy to g

17、et people to take on responsibility and be accountable when things go wrong. The sales department used to be a guy next to the phone waiting for it to ring.To help solve these problems, Cussons brought in three expatriate managers to work closely with the local sales staff in project teams. They als

18、o brought in senior Coverdale management consultant keith Edmonds to work on the teams managerial skills and improve communication within the team. Edmonds held two one-week programmes, working on team-building and developing creative thinking.The imaginative ideas participants came up with were ext

19、raordinary electric. He describes the programmes as helping people recognize that there is a rang of effective management styles. We wanted to throw new light on old problems. The participants responded very positively. In one task they were given £ 500 and told to make as much profit with it a

20、s possible. They came up with amazing ideas, says Edmonds. They put on discos. They went to the Czech border, bought products and then sold them at a profit.Welch believes the programmes were excellent at getting people excited about their jobs. But he warns, we need to ensure that what happens on t

21、he programmes happen back in the workplace. The results, however, are already very positive. The two programmes cost us about £ 40,000 in total, including food and accommodation, but the returns we are getting from them are huge. We saved about £ 200,000 from the first programme and we are

22、 expecting savings of around £ 700,000 from the second one.The programmes also form the basis of monthly reviews, in which progress is measured against targets set in the programmes. You can see the results improving each month. Im very pleased with the way it has worked out, says Welch.课文讲解 今天

23、要给大家讲解有关teamwork-团队合作的课文。课文主要内容是卡森公司如何在波兰的子公司开拓团队合作。我们在阅读文章时要思考卡森公司采取了什么方法，What did Cussons do?并取得了那些收益。What benefits did this bring?No longer Poles apart 不再有两极之遥/弥合差距。题目是一个双关语（pun）。Pole 的意思是极地，Poles apart是惯用语，基本意思是“完全相反”、“大相径庭”；同时，Poles 又是波兰人的意思。题目利用双关，指卡森公司与其新并购的波兰分公司原先在团队合作，公司管理等方面大相径庭，但通过培训等一系列措

24、施，双方弥补了这方面的差异。题目的字面意思是“不再有两极之遥”，按照意译的方法，我们可以翻译为“弥合差距”。（第一段的讲解）When Peter Welch, president of Cussons Polska and Uroda SA, arrived at Cussons newly acquired factory in Poland in 1993, he discovered that the concept of teamwork didnt exist. 1993年，当卡森波兰公司和乌诺达股份有限公司总裁彼得·维奇刚到在波兰新并购的工厂时，他发现那儿根本不存在团队合

25、作的概念。Uroda SA: 乌诺达股份有限公司。SA是法语，有时也写成 S / A或S.A.。意思是“股份有限公司”(Ltd 是 Limited 的缩写) Limited: 股份有限公司. 。 acquire收购：to become the owner of; to buy; to get the possession of acquire原来的意思是“获得”，“占有”。在商务英语中，它的意思是“收购”。 The guy who ran it before had a queue of people outside his office waiting for decisions on ev

26、erything from taking a days holiday to major investments. All decisions were made by one man. 以前管理这家工厂的人办公室门外总有一队人在等着他作出各种决策，小到放一天假，大到重大投资，所有的决策都由一个人作。Cussons entered Poland by taking over a manufacturer of cleaning products in Wroclaw. Two years later they bought Warsaw-based Uroda toiletries. 卡森公司

27、是通过并购弗罗茨瓦夫的一家洗洁用品厂进驻波兰的。两年后，他们并购了位于华沙的乌诺达化妆品公司。take over收购，接管，接受，to accept responsibility for，接受某种责任。比如，He took over my debts. 他接收了我的债务。take over也有控制的意思，to gain control of.：to take over a company接管一家公司，控制了一家公司。toiletry多用复数形式，加复数变成toiletries，意思是化妆品，比如牙膏（toothpaste），梳子（comb），香水（perfume ），在文章中指生产这类产品的工

28、厂。Turnover increased at Wroclaw from £11m to £ 50m and the smaller Uroda quickly grew into a £ 22 m business. Both businesses are now major brands in Poland and export to other eastern European markets. 弗罗茨瓦夫的营业额从1100万英镑增加到5000万英镑；而规模小一些的乌诺达公司则迅速成长为一个营业额达到2200万英镑的企业。目前，这两家公司的产品都是波兰的主导

29、品牌，并且出口到其它东欧市场。Turnover: 营业额 a £ 22 m business一个营业额为万英镑的企业。business 做可数名词时，表示“工商企业，商行，公司”，和 firm, company的意思一样。例如：The majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months. 在最初两年里，大部分小公司都破产了。这一段讲了卡森公司在波兰收购了两家公司，并取得了很大成就，但公司的运作是不是一直都很顺利呢，我们继续课文的内容。（第二段的讲解）But in spite of thes

30、e successes, it is still hard to develop new approaches. 尽管有这些成就，但要开拓新的工作方法仍然相当困难。The company culture here is the result of fifty years of regulation and control. its not easy to get people to take on responsibility and be accountable when things go wrong. The sales department used to be a guy next

31、to the phone waiting for it to ring. 这里的公司文化是50年集权控制的结果，要让人们承担责任或在出现问题时负起责任很不容易。以前的销售部就是一个人坐在电话机旁等候电话铃响。这段话中有两个短语要引起我们的注意，take on responsibility承担责任和 be accountable (to someone for something)就某事情对某人负有责任。Take on 还可以和work搭配。例如：The doctor says that Jim should take on much less heavy work.医生说吉姆应该少承担一些繁重

32、的工作。另外be accountable (to someone for something)这个短语，也可以说成 be held accountable for，比如：They should be held accountable for their acts.他们应该对自己的行动负责。但我们也应当对自己的行动负责 we should be held accountable for our acts.You will be held accountable for it.你应对此做出解释。Each government worker is accountable for his own wo

33、rk.每一个政府工作人员都应对自己的工作负责。I am not accountable to you for my work.我没有义务要对你说明我的工作情况。（第三段的讲解）To help solve these problems, Cussons brought in three expatriate managers to work closely with the local sales staff in project teams. 为了解决这些问题，卡森公司专门聘请了三位旅居海外的经理，同波兰本地的销售人员结成团队一起工作。Bring in 有“接纳，使某人任职”的意思。比如： H

34、e was brought in last year as the direct manager.他去年正式出任总经理。Expatriate 是指那些已经移居海外，定居海外或已经放弃原国籍的人。如：French expatriate in New York 移居纽约的法国人。除了聘请海外经理，卡森公司还从著名的科佛戴尔公司聘请了资深管理顾问凯恩·埃德蒙来指导团队的管理技能，改进团队的内部交流。They also brought in senior Coverdale management consultant keith Edmonds to work on the teams ma

35、nagerial skills and improve communication within the team. Work on sth 致力于某件事情 work on managerial skills致力于管理技能，我们来看看Google的招聘广告就用到了work on 这个词， We're looking for exceptional people who love to work on innovative products and believe passionately in our mission: to organize the world's infor

36、mation and make it universally accessible and useful.我们在寻求那些杰出的人，那些致力于创新产品，而且强烈认同我们使命的人：组织全世界的信息，让它们变得有用，而且让全世界的人都可以接触到它们， 卡森公司请来了埃德蒙，埃德蒙又是怎样开展工作的？我们再来听听。Edmonds held two one-week programmes, working on team-building and developing creative thinking. 埃德蒙主持了两个为期一周的活动，专门解决如何搞好团队建设以及开拓创造性思维。（第四段的讲解）埃德蒙

37、说：The imaginative ideas participants came up with were extraordinary electric. 参与者们富有想象力的点子非同寻常，令人兴奋。Come up with ideas想出主意。比如这个例句，He came up with a really elegant solution to our problem.他给我们的问题想出了一个很棒的解决方案。electric令人激动的，和exciting, thrilling 是同义词。比如 an electric performance. 刺激的表演。埃德蒙认为这些项目的作用是帮助他们认

38、识到有各种不同的管理风格。He describes the programmes as helping people recognize that there is a range of effective management styles.他说：We wanted to throw new light on old problems. The participants responded very positively. In one task they were given £ 500 and told to make as much profit with it as pos

39、sible.我们想用新眼光来看待老问题，参赛者反应十分积极。有一项任务是给他们500英镑，要求他们用这笔钱牟取最大的利润。 埃德蒙的话中有一个重要的短语我们要注意，throw new light on ，提供线索，情况。The new facts throw some light on the matter. 新的事实给弄清楚这事情提供了线索。throw light on sth. 解释, 阐明, 使某人明白埃德蒙接着说，They came up with amazing ideas. They put on discos. They went to the Czech border, bou

40、ght products and then sold them at a profit. 他们表演了迪斯科。然后他们来到捷克边界，买了一些产品又把它们买掉，从中赚了钱。put on discos: 表演迪斯科。Put on 表演。 类似的搭配有：put on a concert 举行音乐会。（第五段的讲解）Welch believes the programmes were excellent at getting people excited about their jobs. 维奇认为这些训练项目对“调动人们的工作积极性”很有效果。他也警告说： We need to ensure that

41、 what happens on the programmes happen back in the workplace. 我们要保证训练中达到的效果在工作中也能体现出来。The results, however, are already very positive. 然而，结果已经是非常肯定的了. 维奇又接着说：The two programmes cost us about £ 40,000 in total, including food and accommodation, but the returns we are getting from them are huge.

42、We saved about £ 200,000 from the first programme and we are expecting savings of around £ 700,000 from the second one. 这两个培训项目总共花去了4万英镑，包括食宿在内，但我们从中得到的回报是巨大的。第一个项目就给我们省了20万英镑，而第二个项目我们期望能省70万英镑左右。在这段话中，returns 是“盈利”，“收益”的意思，商务英语中，return多数情况下用复数。比如：business returns 营业收入；small profits and qu

43、ick returns 薄利多销；companies seek higher returns by investing in other corporations 一些公司通过向其它股份公司投资谋求更高的利润。注意：returns 在商务英语中还可以理解为“退货”的意思，此时只能用复数的形式:He began working on his salesman samples, sorting out broken packages and returns. 他开始整理那些推销货样，把包装破损的和退回来的捡出来。（第六段的讲解）The programmes also form the basis

44、of monthly reviews, in which progress is measured against targets set in the programmes. 在这两项目的基础上还形成个每月一次的评估，以项目规定所要达到的目标来衡量实际进展。be measured against 的意思是做比较，衡量。我们再来看维奇的总结，看他对培训是否满意。You can see the results improving each month. Im very pleased with the way it has worked out,你可以看到结果每个月都在进步，我对这项工作的进展感

45、到十分满意。最后，我们回过头来看节目开始时的两个问题： How did Cussons develop teamworkin its new Polish subsidiaries and what benefits did it bring?卡森公司怎样在它的波兰分公司发展团队合作的，并取得了那些收益? 经过上边的学习，我们知道：Cussons brought in three expatriate managers to workwith the local sales staff in project teams. 卡森公司聘请了三位旅居海外的经理，同波兰本地的销售人员结成团队一起工作I

46、t also brought in a consultant, who organized two one-week courses, working on team-building and developing creative thinking. 不仅如此，卡森公司还聘请一位管理顾问，主持了两个为期一周的活动，专门解决如何搞好团队建设以及开拓创造性思维。Cussons has seen financial benefits, reporting savings of £ 200,000 from the first course and expected savings of

47、£ 700,000 from the second one. The courses have also allowed the participants to measure progress against targets set on the course and have made people excited about their jobs.因为这些措施，卡森公司在财务上有了明显的收益，第一个培训课程给他们节省了20万英镑，第二个课程估计也能节省70万英镑左右。此外，这些课程还调动参与者的积极性，让他们能用规定的目标来衡量实际的进展。P12 para 2,3,5 P24

48、para 3, 5, 6 Unit 2 B Corporate hospitality第二单元 B 商务接待Mixing business with pleasure 商务与娱乐相结合课文讲解Diane Summers picks up some tips on how hosts and clients can mix business and pleasure more effectively.戴安娜·萨默尔学到一些如何把商务和娱乐更有效地结合起来的窍门。Pick up 这个短语是“学会，学到”的意思，比如：She soon picked up French when she w

49、ent to live in France.她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。另外，pick up还有一个常见的意思，那就是“接某人”，比如，pick me up at the airport. 在机场接我。Got a lunch with a client or contact today? Are you sure your objectives of the meal are clear? 您今天是否要与客人或与您有业务联系的人共进午餐？您肯定这顿饭的目标明确吗？contact 做名词，意思是“熟人，在业务上有关系的人”，“可能有利用价值的人”“关系户”（a person, esp. in

50、 a high position, whom you can use to your knowledge in your work or socially to give you information or instructions ）例如，the contact at city hall 在市政府工作的人。If your answer to the last question is yes-having some nice food and getting to know the other person a little better, you could be in need of a

51、 training course. 如果您对最后一个问题的回答是肯定的享用美味食物的同时，进一步了解对方。您就可能需要一个培训课程来帮助您提高技巧。 In need of .需要的意思。我们在前边的课程就曾经讲到这个短语。I am in need of some useful information.我需要一些有用的信息。Fortunately, one is now available. 幸运的是。现在就有这样一个课程。available 的意思是可以得到的。比如，a lot free English courses are now available in the internet .现在

52、在网络上有很多免费的英语课程。available 这个词很有用。比如说：I am not available. I am already engaged.不好意思。我已经订婚了。用这句话可以很明确地拒绝那些追求你的人。This course is called influencing in a Social Context, the three-day programme run by Huthwaite, the UK-based training consultants, will give you the knowledge and skills to plan and achieve

53、objectives in a social setting while ensuring that your clients and prospects still enjoy themselves.这个课程叫“在社交环境中影响别人”，这个为期三天的课程由总部设在英国的荷士卫培训咨询公司主办，课程将为您提供在社交环境中筹划并达到商务目的所需要的知识和技巧，同时又保证让您的客户和潜在的客户获得享受。在这段话中，有两个很重要的单词，第一个是context: 环境， 背景， 来龙去脉； 前后关系.You can often tell the meaning of a word from its c

54、ontext.我们往往可以从一个字的上下文知道它的意思。Crime has to be studied in its social context.研究犯罪活动必须联系它们所在的社会背景。 另外一个单词是prospect.这是一个可数名词，意思是“可能的/潜在的顾客”，“委托人或购买者”（a potential customer, client, or purchaser）比如：The car salesman talked to several prospects.那汽车销售员和好几个可能成为客户的人谈话。The first thing the course stresses is that

55、 there is no point in taking client to a rugby match if you are hoping to have some one-to-one conversations.课程强调的第一个重点是，如果您希望与客户一对一的交流，那么带客户人去看橄榄球赛就显得毫无意义。there is no point in doing sth 做某件事情没有。There is no point in talking without doing.只说不做没有任何意义。Instead, use a sporting event or the opera, for exa

56、mple, as a hook, then arrange a meal afterwards for the more intimate discussions about your companys outstanding record, or whatever business it is that you wish to do.不过您可以反倒利用体育赛事或歌剧作为一个契机，之后安排一次工作餐，以便能和客户更亲切的谈论你公司的杰出成绩，或者你期望达成的生意。Hook 是指：吸引人们兴趣或注意力的方式，常常翻译为“钩子”，“诱惑物”，“引诱手段”。比如：a sales hook 引诱人购买

57、的手段。Arrange 安排的意思，I have arranged that one of my staff will meet you at the airport. 我已经安排好派一个职员到飞机场接你。intimate 亲切，亲密的意思。She was accused of being intimate with several men.有人说她与几个男人关系暧昧.Another common mistake many businesses make is to send staff to corporate events without telling them why they are

58、 there or what they should do. 很多企业常犯的一个错误是尚未使员工明确为何参加以及如何参加社交活动就让他们出席了企业活动。Business 可以是“企业”的意思，是可数名词，在前边的课件就讲过这个词。It is not surprising that they see this as a chance simply to stand around having free drinks on the company and chatting to each other rather than talking to clients. Everyone feels un