目标安全安全宣传

1、NEXT STEP “目安目安”项目项目2Whats common in the following photos? 在下列照片中有哪些共性问题？3Next Step is a unique and additional way to think & act about safety. “目安目安”是一个独特的，区别于其它方式的方式是一个独特的，区别于其它方式的方式来思考来思考&表现安全行为表现安全行为 NEXT STEP 4 Next Step Principle “目安目安”的原则的原则Principle - Hazards seldom change but the wa

2、y we behave around hazards can. When our behaviour varies our risk of injury increases or decreases depending on the behavior we exhibit. 原则：原则： 危险因素是很难改变的，但是我们对于危险因危险因素是很难改变的，但是我们对于危险因素的行为表现方式是可以改变的。当我们的行为不一素的行为表现方式是可以改变的。当我们的行为不一样时，受工伤的风险也会随着行为表现的不同而增加样时，受工伤的风险也会随着行为表现的不同而增加或减少。或减少。To a great degr

3、ee we control our own risk.我们可我们可以在很大程度上控制自已的风险。以在很大程度上控制自已的风险。 NEXT STEP 5 Safety Meetings Recognition 认可认可 Discipline 处罚处罚 Recruitment 招聘招聘 Tool Box Talks 宣传好的宣传好的安全实践安全实践 Training 培训培训 Safety expectations 安全期安全期望望 SHE MANAGEMENT 管理管理EQUIPMENT 设备设备 Design Maintenance 维护维护 Hazard Studies 危险因危险因素分析素

4、分析 Commissioning 调试调试 Standards 标准标准 Interlocks 联锁装置联锁装置 Protective Systems 保护保护系统系统 Machine Guarding 机器机器防护防护PEOPLE 人员人员SYSTEMS 系统系统 Work permits Reporting 报告报告 Auditing 审计审计 Change Management 变变革管理革管理 Rehabilitation 整改整改 Policies 政策政策 Protective Equipment 防护设备防护设备 Plans 计划计划 Objectives 目标目标 JSEA 工

5、作安全评估工作安全评估 Procedures 程序程序ENVIRONMENT 环境环境 Weather Noise 噪音噪音 Visibility 可视化可视化 Signage 标识标识 Light / Shadows 光线光线/阴阴暗暗 Strata 地面地面 Dust 粉尘粉尘Where does Next Step fit? “目安”在哪里适用？ NEXT STEP 6What is Next Step? 什么是“目安”？ Next Step is a process that trains, coaches and assists everyone in: “目安目安”是一种培训，训练

6、，帮助是一种培训，训练，帮助每一个人在下列问题上的能力：每一个人在下列问题上的能力：Recognizing warning signals 识别识别警报信号Focusing on the task 聚焦于工作任务Applying known, safe, “Last step” behaviours 应用已知的，安全的“最后一步“的行为 NEXT STEP 7Warning signals 警告信号Question: 问题：People can perform a task (even a hazardous one) many times without injury. The hazard

7、 circumstance may not have changed at all, so what was different if this time you sustained an injury? 人们可以很多次地执行一个任务（即使是有危险因素的任务），而不发生任何工伤。危险因素这个环境可能一点也没有变，而这次你却遭受了工伤，这是什么原因呢？Answer 答案：Many injures are preceded by an Warning signals 很多工伤是在表现出警告信号之前就发生了。 NEXT STEP 8 Warning signals 警报信号These are sit

8、uations that increase the chances of an injury 下面这些情况都可能会增加工伤的机会： Complacency 自满，无所谓 Fatigue 疲劳 Rushing 急匆匆 Distractions 心烦意乱 . . . NEXT STEP 9Warning signals 警报信号We need people to be aware of these situations, recognize them and act on them. 我们需要人们意识到这些情况，认识它们并作出相应的行动。 NEXT STEP 10Focus 聚焦Once a Wa

9、rning signal is detected, you need to make the call to stop or keep going. If you decide to keeping going you must FOCUS on the task at hand 一旦发现有一个警报信号，你需要决定是停止还是继续工作。如果你决定继续，你必须聚焦于手头上的工作。. NEXT STEP 1190% of injuries will be avoided if people used specific simple behaviours while they do things.如果

10、人们在做事时可以采取一些具如果人们在做事时可以采取一些具体的简单的行为，体的简单的行为，90%的伤害是可以避免的。的伤害是可以避免的。There are only around 5 behaviours to practice to stay injury free 要远离伤害只需要要远离伤害只需要练习或关注练习或关注5种行为。种行为。Last Line of defence Behaviours 最后防线的行为Even when people are focussed on the job they can still have injury. 即使人们聚焦于工作上，他们仍然可能受伤。 NE

11、XT STEP 12Training 培训培训JSEA工作安工作安全评估全评估Audit 审计审计Maintenance 维护维护 Induction 就职就职Resources资源资源Procedures程序程序Permits 许可许可Behaviour 行为行为Incident 事件事件 THE LAST LINE OF DEFENCEA behaviour that directly results in an injury 最后防线的行为就是直接导致伤害发生的行为。 A persons behaviour is usually the last step in an injury ch

12、ain 一个人的一个人的行为往往就是一行为往往就是一个伤害链中的最个伤害链中的最后一环。后一环。Last Line of Defence Behaviours 最后防线的行为MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES 管理层职责管理层职责INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBILITIES 个人的职责个人的职责 NEXT STEP 90% of injuries could have been avoided had the person behaved differently 如果个人的行为可以改变一如果个人的行为可以改变一下，下，90%的伤害是可以避免的。的伤害是可以避免的

13、。13Example of a Last Line Behaviour 举例Consider someone walking over a power cord and tripping, and twisting their ankle 比如说一个人走过比如说一个人走过一个电源线，结果绊倒了，扭伤了踝关节。一个电源线，结果绊倒了，扭伤了踝关节。 NEXT STEP 14If you think back to the last time you tripped 如果如果你在回想一下上次你绊倒的时候你在回想一下上次你绊倒的时候Were you watching where you were g

14、oing? 你会注意着你要走的地方吗？Did you have “Eyes on Path”? 你把“眼睛放在路径上”了吗？Example of a Last Line Behaviour 举例 NEXT STEP 15Have you ever hit your thumb with a hammer or cut your finger with a knife? 你的拇指是否曾经被锤子击你的拇指是否曾经被锤子击中过，或者手指被刀子割伤过？中过，或者手指被刀子割伤过？Example of a Last Line Behaviour 举例 NEXT STEP 16“Eyes on Path”

15、 and “Eyes on Hands” are 2 “LAST Line” behaviours. “把眼睛放在路径上把眼睛放在路径上”及及“把把眼睛放在眼睛放在手上手上”是两个是两个“最后防线最后防线”的行为。的行为。They may seem trivial but last year they contributed to over 50% of our injuries Injuries that equipment and systems did not protect against 这些可能看起来都这些可能看起来都是些微不足道的东西，但是去年我们有是些微不足道的东西，但是去年我

16、们有50%的伤害都是由的伤害都是由于此引起的，这些伤害是设备或者系统所不能保护的。于此引起的，这些伤害是设备或者系统所不能保护的。Example of a Last Line Behaviour 举例 NEXT STEP 17 There are about 6 -10 “Last Line” behaviours but focusing on the top 5 will address more than 85% of our injuries 最后一道防线的行为有1-10种，但是要特别注意好前5种，因为85%的事故都是由这前5种引发的。 The top 5 are selected f

17、rom a review of injury history. 前5种是根据对历史事故的评审选择出来的。 The next slides demonstrate some of these behaviours 下面的幻灯片中列举了一些行为。 Note that they have: 请注意下列这些幻灯片都有这样的特性： Last Line Behaviours 最后防线行为 Short, catchy and memorable titles 简短，易记， 标题印象深刻 An explanation of the situations in which they occur 是对发生的某种情

18、境的解释 NEXT STEP 18Eyes on Hands 把眼睛放在手上把眼睛放在手上Are the persons eyes on their hands and hand operated equipment so as to avoid pinching, crushing, cutting, splashing, burning or falling? 人们是否把眼睛放在了手上及用手操作的设备上，从而避免被夹伤，压碎，切到，溅湿，灼伤或跌落？19Eyes on Hands把眼睛放在手上把眼睛放在手上Are the persons eyes on their hands and ha

19、nd operated equipment so as to avoid pinching, crushing, cutting, splashing, burning or falling?人们是否把眼睛放在了手上及用手操作的设备上，从而避免被夹伤，压碎，切到，溅湿，灼伤或跌落？20Eyes on Hands 把把眼睛放在手上眼睛放在手上Are the persons eyes on their hands and hand operated equipment so as to avoid pinching, crushing, cutting, splashing, burning or

20、 falling? 人们是否把眼睛放在了手上及用手操作的设备上，从而避免被夹伤，压碎，切到，溅湿，灼伤或跌落？21Eyes on Path 把眼睛放在把眼睛放在路径上路径上Is the person observing and assessing the surface and clearances so as to avoid slipping, tripping or colliding? 这个人是否在观察并评估路径的表面和清洁度，从而避免滑倒，跌绊或碰撞？22Eyes on Path 把眼睛放把眼睛放在路径上在路径上Is the person observing and assessin

21、g the surface and clearances so as to avoid slipping, tripping or colliding?这个人是否在观察并评估路径的表面和清洁度，从而避免滑倒，跌绊或碰撞？23Eyes on Path 把眼睛放在把眼睛放在路径上路径上Is the person observing and assessing the surface and clearances so as to avoid slipping, tripping or colliding?这个人是否在观察并评估路径的表面和清洁度，从而避免滑倒，跌绊或碰撞？24Assess Area

22、 评估空间评估空间Is the person continually assessing the area for hazards and suitable access ? 这个人是否在持续地评估该空间，看是否有危险因素及合适的通道？25Assess Area 评估空间评估空间Is the person continually assessing the area for hazards and suitable access ? 这个人是否在持续地评估该空间，看是否有危险因素及合适的通道？26Body limits 身体受限的环境身体受限的环境Is the person fit for t

23、he task, stable and using correct levels of effort and manual handling techniques when they are: Reaching, twisting, Pushing/pulling, Cramped, Doing repetitive tasks, Lifting 当他们伸手，弯腰，推/拉，空间狭窄时，做重复的动作时，提升时，身体是否能够保持平衡，及在需要用力和手动处理时是否能够使得上劲？27Body limits 身体受限的环境身体受限的环境Is the person fit for the task, st

24、able and using correct levels of effort and manual handling techniques when they are: Reaching, twisting, Pushing/pulling, Cramped, Doing repetitive tasks, Lifting 当他们伸手，弯腰，推/拉，空间狭窄时，做重复的动作时，提升时，身体是否能够保持平衡，及在需要用力和手动处理时是否能够使得上劲？28Body limits 身体受限的环境身体受限的环境Is the person fit for the task, stable and us

25、ing correct levels of effort and manual handling techniques when they are: Reaching, twisting, Pushing/pulling, Cramped, Doing repetitive tasks, Lifting 当他们伸手，弯腰，推/拉，空间狭窄时，做重复的动作时，提升时，身体是否能够保持平衡，及在需要用力和手动处理时是否能够使得上劲？29Line of Fire 发射线防护范发射线防护范围围Is the person positioned such that they could avoid bei

26、ng struck, overcome by fumes, sprayed, fallen on, bitten or run over? 这个人所处的位置是否可以避免被撞击到，被气味熏到，被喷溅到，被落物打到，被咬伤，或被碾伤？30Line of Fire 发射线防护范发射线防护范围围Is the person positioned such that they could avoid being struck, overcome by fumes, sprayed, fallen on, bitten or run over? 这个人所处的位置是否可以避免被撞击到，被气味熏到，被喷溅到，被

27、落物打到，被咬伤，或被碾伤？31Line of Fire 发射线防护范发射线防护范围围Is the person positioned such that they could avoid being struck, overcome by fumes, sprayed, fallen on, bitten or run over? 这个人所处的位置是否可以避免被撞击到，被气味熏到，被喷溅到，被落物打到，被咬伤，或被碾伤？32Note the language 注意用语Easy to remember phrases or words. 使用容易记住使用容易记住的短语或字词。的短语或字词。Su

28、btle shift in focus 轻微的改变：轻微的改变：from eyes on job to eyes on hands 不说将眼睛放在工作上，不说将眼睛放在工作上，而说将眼睛放在手上而说将眼睛放在手上from watch where youre going to eyes on path 不说注意你不说注意你要去的地方，而说将眼睛放在路径上要去的地方，而说将眼睛放在路径上In each activity, more than one behaviour can be observed 在每一个活动中，不止可以显示一种安全行在每一个活动中，不止可以显示一种安全行为为 NEXT STE

29、P 33A quick reinforcement activity 一个快速的加强印像的练习活动Walk the line 沿着直线走沿着直线走Roll out a 5 meter length of tape out on the ground in a straight line. Put some obstructions across the tape (books or folders or a chair on its side)将一个将一个5米长的带子在地上拉直铺开。然后放一些米长的带子在地上拉直铺开。然后放一些障碍物在带子上（书，文件夹，或椅子）。障碍物在带子上（书，文件夹，

30、或椅子）。The task is to observe the tape and the obstructions and then proceed to walk along the tape & stepping over the obstacles to get to the other end of the tape. They must start at one end and finish at the other end. 任务就是要观察这根带子和障碍物，然后沿任务就是要观察这根带子和障碍物，然后沿着带子走，跨过障碍物，走到带子的另一端。必须要从一端走到另一着带子走，跨过

31、障碍物，走到带子的另一端。必须要从一端走到另一端。端。What Next Step behaviours are we demonstrating? 这个例子演这个例子演示了什么行为？示了什么行为？Did we get to the other end of the tape safely? 我们是否安全地到我们是否安全地到达了另一端？达了另一端？ NEXT STEP 34A quick reinforcement activity一个快速的加强印像的练习活动The Hand slapping game 拍手游戏拍手游戏Turn to a partner 转向你的伙伴转向你的伙伴Place y

32、our hands together in front of you and move close enough until your fingertips are touching your partners. Take turns in trying to slap the other persons hands before they can pull them away. 将你的手合在一起，然后慢慢向前移将你的手合在一起，然后慢慢向前移动，直到你的指尖能够接触到你的伙伴的。轮流试着动，直到你的指尖能够接触到你的伙伴的。轮流试着拍打相互的手，看另一方是否被打到或能把手移开。拍打相互的手，

33、看另一方是否被打到或能把手移开。What Next Step behaviours are we demonstrating? 这个游戏演示了什么样的行为？这个游戏演示了什么样的行为？ NEXT STEP 35A quick reinforcement activity一个快速的加强印像的练习活动Body Lean 倾斜身体倾斜身体I need a volunteer 我需要一个志愿者我需要一个志愿者Position the person in front of the wall with feet together and about 4 inches from the bottom of

34、the wall. Get them to place their head on the wall and with their arms at their side and their back & legs straight. Ask them to pull away from the wall into an upright straight position. They should be able to do this. Now move their feet back between 6-8 inches and get them to repeat the task

35、with keeping their body & legs straight. 站在墙的前面，脚并拢，放在距离墙底站在墙的前面，脚并拢，放在距离墙底4英寸远的地方。让他们尽量把头靠在墙上，把手臂放在他们的边上，让背英寸远的地方。让他们尽量把头靠在墙上，把手臂放在他们的边上，让背&腿挺直腿挺直。叫他们试着以一个挺直的姿势离开墙壁。应该是能做到这一点的。现在将他们的。叫他们试着以一个挺直的姿势离开墙壁。应该是能做到这一点的。现在将他们的脚向后移动脚向后移动6-8英寸，然后重复这项动作，注意要保持身体和腿挺直。英寸，然后重复这项动作，注意要保持身体和腿挺直。What Next St

36、ep behaviour are we demonstrating? 这个练习演示了什么行为？这个练习演示了什么行为？ NEXT STEP 36What behaviours are required to do this safely? 要安全地进行要安全地进行此项活动需要什么样的此项活动需要什么样的行为？行为？ NEXT STEP 37 NEXT STEP 3839 NEXT STEP 40 NEXT STEP 41 NEXT STEP 42 NEXT STEP 43 NEXT STEP 44 NEXT STEP 45 NEXT STEP 4647Whats common in the f

37、ollowing photos? 下面图片中有什么共性问题？48RETENTION保持保持How will Next Step be maintained? 如何维持这些行为？Traditional Programs 传统的方法 TIME 时间时间Next Step Program “目安”项目Initial 2 hour session 开始开始的的2小时小时High Intensity Reminders高强高强度的提醒度的提醒Reducing Intensity Reminders 逐渐减少提逐渐减少提醒强度醒强度The Next Step process has a short Tra

38、ining session followed by reinforcements 在进行“目安”培训时可以用一些例子来巩固印象 NEXT STEP 49EXERCISE 1 练习1 Review each injury description from CHIL 回顾一下公司的每一个事故描述 Choose what last step behaviour/s relate to the activity and what happened unexpectedly?. 选择出哪些是因为没有做到这些行为引发的意外事故？50EXERCISE 练习 What are the hazards in t

39、his task? 该任务中有什么危险因素？ What behaviours can the person use to complete the task safely? 这个人可以采取什么行为来安全地完成该任务？ NEXT STEP 51Verbalising 用语言描述 Split into pairs 分成几组 Take turns to: 轮流进行： Think of a work activity 想出一个工作任务 Try and work up a scenario that demonstrates the 5 behaviors 试着进行一个可以演示那5种行为的情境 Role

40、 play the scene and the behaviours to the person next to you and verbalize the behaviors 将这个情境和行为演示给挨着你的那个人看，并用语言描述这些行为EXERCISE 练习52EXERCISE : Capturing knowledge 练习：巩固知识Split into your own work groups 分成你自己的工作组Fill out some of the poster (see next slide). 补充一些图片（见下一页的例子）Take this back to your work

41、area and display it 把这些照片拿到你的工作区域并展示出来Add to it periodically (eg, after Tool Box Talks, incidents, audits) 定期地补充照片（如，在某个事故后，检查后）Its time to capture some of your knowledge and experience 是时候巩固你的知识和经验了。53EXERCISE : Capturing knowledge 练习：巩固知识 54How will Next Step be maintained? 如何维持这些行为？Intensive 3 Month Reminder Period: Examples 3个月的强化提醒：举例个月的强化提醒：举例Tool Box Talk Weekly, Monthly 宣传好的安全实践 - 每周，每月One employee takes a camera and photographs an example of the n