定语从句语法讲解+含习题含答案

1、定语从句一、知识点梳理充当定语修饰名词或代词的从句称为 定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为 先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，由一定的连接词引导，连接词 称为关系代词（which,that,as,whom,who,whose ）或关系副词（whe n, where,why）1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句起对先行词进行限定、区分的作用。若去掉易产生歧义或使主句 意义不明确。（此类定语从句前后没有逗号）【eg】 The dress that my mother bought for meis very beautiful. 我妈妈给我买的裙子很漂亮。非限定性定语从句与

2、先行词之间的关系比较松散，只对先行词起说明和描述的作用。 若省去，剩余部分意义仍然完整，表达清楚。 （此类定语从句前后用 逗号隔开）【eg】 Your writ ings, which every one admires , are verymarvelous.你的作品人人欣赏，实在是太了不起了。Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a great writer.莎士比亚是个伟大的作家，他的剧作很受欢迎。某些情况下，一个定语从句既可以作限定性定语从句，又可以作为非限定性定语从句，但二者含义有差别。【eg】 There are ten cars

3、here which are made in China.这里有十辆中国制造的车。（这里可能还有其他的车）There are ten cars here , which are made in Chi na.这里有十辆车，它们都是中国制造的。（这里只有十辆车）that和why一般不引导非限定性定语从句，其他引导限定性定语 从句的关系代词和关系副词都可以引导非限定性定语从句。【eg】 Myelder brother , who is an engineer , is working abroad. 我的哥哥在国外工作，他是一个工程师。Last year , I visited Quanzhou,

4、 which is a beautiful city in Fujia n Provi nee.去年我游览了泉州，它是福建省一个漂亮的城市2、关系代词的使用指代对象人事物人+事物主格who/thatwhich/thatthat宾格whom/thatwhich/thatthat所有格whosewhose/of whichwhich和that指物 which和that引导的限定性定语从句表事物，可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语。当他们在宾语从句中做宾语时，that和which常可以省略。【eg】 We must respect the custom here that has existed for

5、hun dreds of years.我们必须尊重这里存在了数百年的习俗。(做主语)This is the book (that / which) I want to buy.这就是我想买的那本书。(做buy的宾语)多数情况下，that和which可以通用。 在下列几种情况下，引导定语从句的关系代词多用 that，不用或 少用which。a先行词前有形容词的最高级、序数词或the only , the very , thelast等表绝对意义的词作修饰语。【eg】 This is the oldest tree that exists in the world.这是世界上现存最老的一棵树。Th

6、e only thing ( that ) he is interested in is collecting stamps.他唯一感兴趣的事就是集邮。b 先行词为不定代词( anything , nothing , everything) 或被little , few , much, any , no等修饰【eg】 All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here.他唱的所有的歌在这儿都很流行。Everythi ng that should be done has bee n don e. 一切应该做的事情都已经做了。若先行词是some

7、thing，定语从句用that 和which都可以。c先行词既包括人又包括物【eg】 They talked of people and things ( that ) they remembered in En gla nd.他们谈起了记忆中在英国的人和事。d当句中已有wh-疑问句，有时为了避免重复，用that引导定语从句而不用which。 在下列几种情况下，一般使用 which引导定语从句而不用that. a引导非限定性定语从句【eg】 China , which is the third largest country in the world , is play ing an impo

8、rta nt part in the world affairs.中国是世界上第三大国家，它在国际事务中起着重要的作用。 b that和which在从句中作介词的宾语。介词可以放在句末也可以提到关系代词前面。介词放在句末时，关系代词可用that和which，也可省略。介词提前到关系代词前时，只能用which不能用that ，且which不 可省。【eg】 A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles are ope ned with.=A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are ope

9、ned. 开瓶器是一种用来开启瓶子的工具。c当关系代词后面有插入语。【eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which , as I have told you , made me very glad.我已经收到你的婚礼请柬。这个邀请，正如我所告诉你的，使 我感到万分荣幸。d若先行词是that，则用which引导定语从句。(that which 的结构通常出现在谚语中)【eg】 That which is evil is soon learned.坏事易学。先行词是way时，引导定语从句的关系代词有三种形式:in which/ th

10、at 或不用引导词。【eg】 The way he speaks is unique.=The way that he speaks is uniq ue.=The way in which he speaks is uniq ue.他说话的方式很奇特。who,whom和that指人 who和that在从句中既可做主语又可做宾语who m在从句中只可用做宾语。当who , whom和that在从句中做宾语时，可以省略。【eg】 Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over there?你认识在那边和John说话的那个女孩吗？

11、The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked withis our teacher.冈"才和你说话的那个是我们的老师。 who , whom , that在从句中都可作介词的宾语。介词可位于句末也可提到关系代词前。介词位于句末时，关系代词可用 who , whom或that，也可省略。介词提到关系代词前时，只能用whom不能用that和who,并且whom 不可省。(注意与2/b类比)【eg】 The man ( who / whom / that ) you have just talked withis our teacher

12、.=The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher.刚才和你说话的那个人是我们的老师。whose指人或指物，充当名词的修饰语，表示所属关系“whose+名词”二“名词+ of which ”二者意思相同，可互换。【eg】 Look at the house whose windows are round.二Look at the house the win dows of which are round.看那座窗户是圆形的房子。as引导的定语从句 先行词有such或the same修饰，或者在as/so , as的结构中，都可用as做

13、关系代词来引导限定性定语从句。【eg】I want to buy the same pen as you are using.我想买一支和你用的那支一样的笔。He used such expressi ons as he could find in the texts.他使用在课文中可以找到的那些词语。当the same修饰先行词时，引导定语从句的关系代词既可以用as也可用that。区别：that引导的定语从句表示它所表述的事物与先行词是同一个。as既可以表示“同一个”又可以表示“同类”。【eg】 This is the same book that I have lost.这就是我丢失的那本

14、书。This is the same book as I have lost.这本书和我丢失的那本一模一样。 as引导非限定性定语从句as引导非限定性定语从句，修饰的是前面的整个句子。which也有这种用法，两者在大部分情况下可互换。【eg】 Shehas just cried , as / which I could see from her swolleneyes.她刚刚哭过，我从她红肿的眼睛就可以看出。As is known to all , China is the third largest countryin the world.众所周知，中国是世界上第三大繁荣国家。which引导

15、非限定性定语从句和引导的非限定性定语从句的区别： a which从句只能放在句末，而 as从句可位于句首、句中、句末。【eg】 Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer.众所周知，马克？吐温是一位伟大的作家。b当主句是否定句时，as不能用which来替换。as从句所修饰的范 围并不包括主句的否定意义。【eg】 Spiders are not in sects , as many people thi nk.蜘蛛并非像许多人所想的那样是昆虫。3、关系副词 when , where , why 的使用关系副词where , when , why

16、 在从句中分别做地点状语、时间状语 和原因状语。他们经常可以用“介词 + which ”来替代when可替换为on / at / in / during + which ,在定语从句中做时间状语。【eg】I still remember the day when / on which we first met.我还记得我们初次见面的那一天。Do you still remember the summer vacati on whe n / duri ng which we visited a lot of places in Beiji ng?你还记得我们在北京游览了很多地方的那个暑假吗？wh

17、ere 可替换为at / in / to + which，在定语从句中跟在表地点的名词后面做地点状语。【eg】 That is the school where / at which I used to study.那就是我过去学习过的学校。Th ink of a place where / to which we can go for a swim.想一个我们可以去游泳的地方。why可替换为for which，引导先行词为reason的定语从句，表示原因。【eg】 This is the reason why / for which he was late.这就是他迟到的原因。 关系副词wh

18、en , where , why引导定语从句时一般可用that替换，也可省略。【eg】 She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )she gets up in the morning till the time ( whe n / that )she goes to bed.她总是很忙，从早上起床一直到上床睡觉，她都在工作。That is the place ( where / that ) I went before.那就是我们从前去过的地方。Do you know the reason ( why / that ) he

19、 left the company? 你知道他离开公司的原因吗？、例题1、()The floodoverflowedthe riverbanks,frequentlyhappened in thatarea.A as itB whichC itD such2、()This is the best novelwe have read in rece nt years.A whichB thatC asD so3、()Allis a large sum of mon ey.A what is n eededB that is n eededC the thing n eededD for thei

20、r n eeds4、()Read thetext a second time and you will probably know what the principlea hovercraft works.A is on thatB has on whichC is on whichD on which5、()The wayhe gives his performances is appreciated by his fans.Which of the followi ngs is wrong?A / B which C in which D that6、()Myassistant , car

21、efully read through the instructions before doingthe experime nt , did not get satisfactory results.A who thoughtB even whoC who hadD who havi ng7、()In the dark streets,therewas not a singlepersonshe couldturnfor help.A thatB whoC from whomD to whom8、( )The n eighbourhoodfactory ,workers are all wom

22、en,turns outtoysof fine quality.B whichC whoseD whe nA there9、 （） He is such an outstandingleader is loved by the people throughoutthe coun try.A asB thatC whichD who10、（） The can opener is easy to handle ,is shown in the picture.A as itB asC thatD since11、（） Everything was quite all right one daysh

23、e got into trouble.A not un til ; whe nB un til ; beforeC not un til ; beforeD un til ; whe n12、（） A fast food restaura nt is theplaceeati ng is performed quickly.A whichB whereC thereD what,just as the name suggests ,13、（） The plane was delayedwas that the weather was terrible.A the reas on whyC th

24、e reas on of itB the reas on for itD the reas on for which14、（） Do not let the child who isswim in rivers.A not old eno ughB too young toC not old eno ugh toD young eno ugh to15、（） I think you have got to the point ,a change is needed , otherwiseyou will fail.A whe nB thatC whereD which三、巩固练习1、（） Is

25、 this uni versitythey paid a visit to last mon th?A whichB whereC the one D which you2、 （） I will never forget the dayswe spent together in the village.A /B whe nC whatD how3、（） is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior highschools is in creas ing.A WhichB AsC ThatD It4、（） I was late

26、 for school this morning because of the traffic jamIwas caught.A whichB whereC in whichD whe n5、()Has everyth ingcan be donedone?A / ; /B/;beenC that ; bee nD that ; be6、 () Can you find me something?A to ope n the tinB that I can ope n the tinC I can ope n the tin withD by which to ope n the tin7、 () Water dissolves a part of n early everythi ngit comes in con tact.A whereB with which C t