小学英语语法

1、学校英语语法i 询问名字年龄；1, - what s your name. - 你叫什么名字？-my name is . -我叫；2, -how old are you. -你几岁了？-i m 12-.-我十二岁；i i询问颜色；1, -what colour is it. -它是什么颜色的？-it s yellow and white-.- 黄白相间；2, -what colour are they. -它们是什么颜色的？-they re green.- 绿色的；iii 询问数量或价钱；1, -how many kites can you see. -你可以观察几只风筝？-i can see

2、 12. -我可以观察十二只风筝；2, -how many crayons do you have. -你有多少支彩笔？-i have 16. - 我有十六支；3, -how many people are there in your family. -你家有几口人？-three. - 三口人；4, -how much is this dress. -这条连衣裙多少钱？-it s nine-ntyine yuan. - 九十九元；5, -how much are these apples. -这些苹果多少钱？-they re thirty-five yuan. - 三十五元；iv 询问时间或日

3、期；1, -what time is it now. -现在几点钟？-it s nine o clock. it s time for engl-is-h-九cla点s；s. 该上英语课了； -it s eight o clock. it s time to g（o t-o-b- 八ed点. ；该上床睡觉了；） 2, -what day is it today. -今日星期几？-it s monday-.-星期一；-what do we have on mondays.（- 我们星期一上哪些课？-we have chinese, english, math-语文、英语、数学）3, -when

4、is your birthday. -你的生日是什么时候？-it s october 1st, our national day.-十月一日，国庆节；4, -when do you do morning exercises. -你们什么时候做早锤炼？-i usually do morning exercises at 8:30. -我们通常 8：30 做早锤炼；v 询问方位或地方；1, -where is my toy car. -我的玩具汽车在哪儿？-it s here, under the chair-.- 在这儿，在椅子下面；2, -where is the canteen. -餐厅在哪

5、儿？-it s on the first floor-.-在一楼；3, -where are the keys. -钥匙在哪儿？-they re in the door. -在门上；4, -excuse me. where is the library, please. -对不起，请问图书馆在哪儿？-it s near the post office-.- 在邮局邻近；5, -where are you from. -你从哪儿来？-i m from china-.- 我从中国来；6, -where does the rain come from. -雨是从哪儿来的？-it comes from

6、 the clouds. -它是从云层里来的；vi 询问想吃的东西；1, -what would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner. -你早餐 /中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？-i d like some bread and milk / rice and soup.- 我想吃面包和牛奶 /米饭和汤；2, - what s for breakfast / lunch / dinner.- 早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？-hamburgers and orange juice. -汉堡包和橙汁；vii 询问天气状况；1, - what s the weather

7、like in beijing.- 北京的天气如何？-it s rainy today. how about new york. -今日是雨天；纽约呢？-it s sunny and hot-.-今日是晴天，天气很热；viii询问身体状况或心情；1, -how do you feel. -你感觉如何？-i feel sick. - 我觉得不舒适；2, - what s the matter. -怎么了？-my throat is sore. / i have a sore throat. -我的喉咙疼；3, -how are you, sarah. you look so sad. -你好吗，

8、莎拉？你看起来这么难过；-i failed the math test. -我的数学考试没有通过；ix 询问职业、身份或人物；1, - whats your father / mother.-你的父亲/ 母亲是做什么的？-he s a doctor. / she s a teache-r-.- 他是一名医生； / 她是一名老师；2, -what does your mother / father do. -你的母亲/ 父亲是做什么的？-she s a tv reporter. / he s a teacher. he teaches english.-她是一名电视台记者；/他是一名老师；他教英

9、语；3, - who s that man / woman.- 那位男士/ 女士是谁？-he s my father. / she s my mothe-r-.- 他是我父亲；/ 她是我母亲；4, - who s this boy / girl.- 那个男孩儿/ 女孩儿是谁？-he s my brother. / she s my sister-.-他是我兄弟；/ 她是我姐妹；5, -who s your art teacher.- 你们的美术老师是谁？-miss wang.-王老师；-what s she like.-她长什么样儿？-she s young and thin.- 她很年轻、苗

10、条；x 询问爱好、喜好；1, - what s your favourite food / drink.-你最喜爱的食物/ 饮料是什么？-fish / orange juice.-鱼； / 橙汁；2, - what s your favourite season.-你最喜爱的季节是什么？-winter.-冬天；-which season do you like best.（- 你最喜爱哪个季节？-winter.-冬天；）-why do you like winter.- 你为什么喜爱冬天？-because i can make a snowman.- 由于可以堆雪人； 3, - what s

11、your hobby.-你的爱好是什么？-i like collecting stamps.- 我喜爱集邮；-what s his hobby.- 他的爱好是什么？-he likes riding a bike.-他喜爱骑自行车； 4, -do you like peaches.- 你喜爱吃桃子吗？-yes, i do. / no, i don t.-喜爱； / 不喜爱；xi 询问平常一般或通常做的事情；1, -what do you do on saturdays / on the weekends. -你星期六/ 周末一般做什么？-i usually do my homework. som

12、etimes i play football. -我通常做作业，有时候踢足球；xii 询问正在做的事情；1, -what are you doing.-你在做什么？-i m doing the dishes.-我在洗盘子；2, - what s your father doing.- 你父亲正在做什么？-he swriting an e-mail.-他正在写电子邮件； 3, - what s mike doing.- 迈克正在干什么？-he s watching insects.-他正在观看昆虫；4, - what s the tiger doing.- 那只老虎在干什么？-it s runn

13、ing.-它在奔跑；5, -what are the elephants doing.- 那些大象在干什么？-they re drinking.-它们正在喝水；xiii 询问将要做的事情；1, -what are you going to do.- 你预备做什么？-i m going to the cinema.- 我预备去看电影；-when are you going to do.- 你预备什么时候去？-this afternoon.-今日下午；2, -where are you going this afternoon.- 今日下午你预备到哪儿去？-i m going to the boo

14、kstore.- 我预备到书店去；-what are you going to buy.-你准备买点儿什么？-i m going to buy a comicbook.- 我预备买本漫画书；时态：1、一般现在时态一般在这个时态里会显现always 、usually 、often 、seldom 、never ；这表是平率；找到这些词后，再找人称；假如人是一个人的话（单数），动词就加s或 es，有时候会去 f 或 fe 为 v+es ，甚至不规章变化；例如：fish 变为 fish ；假如人是两个人以上动词就不变；2、现在进行时be 动词=动词的 ing 形式；例如： the boy is si

15、ng. 男孩正在唱歌；由于一个男孩是单数所以be 动词用 is；the children are playing；孩子们正在玩耍；由于孩子们是两个人以上（children 是复数，单数为child ）所以 be 动词用 are ；3、过去时态找时间，再把动词改为过去式；动词的过去式要死记硬背；例如：i ate an apple last night. （昨晚我吃了个苹果；）4、将来时态表示将来要做的事情； isare going to+ 动词原形；或者 will +动词原形；例如： mary is going to shopping tomorrow. （mary 明天准备去购物；）换一种说法

16、就是 mary will shopping tomorrow.5、过去完成时态要背过去分词； havehas been ；been 代表过去分词； 例如：go-gone（去）eat-eaten （吃）简要语法1.人称代词主格：iweyousheheitthey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词： myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershisitstheirs2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前 +more

17、more interesting, etc.(3) 双写最终一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc.(4) 把 y 变 i，再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不规章变化：well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可数词的复数形式大多数名词+ sa book books名词以 y 结尾，变 y+ ies ， a story stories名词以s, sh, ch,x结尾+esa glass glasses a watch-watches名词以 o 结尾 +s 或+esa piano pianos a mango mangoes名词以 f

18、 或 fe结尾，去 f 或 fe +vesa knife knives a shelf-shelves4.不行数名词 单复数形式不变 bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 缩略形式i m = i am you re = you areshe s = she is he s = he is it s = it iswho s =who iscan t =can notisn t=is not6. a/ana book, a peach an egg an hour7. 介词:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, be

19、side, at, behind.表示时间：at six oclock, at christmas, at breakfaston monday on 15th july on national day in the evening in december in winter8. 基数词和序数词one firsttwo-secondthree-thirdtwenty-twentieth9. some /any一般式用 somei have some toys in my bedroom.疑问或否定用 anydo you have any brothers or sisters.10. be动词

20、(1) 基本态: am/are/is(2) 确定和否定句i amnot from london.my eyes arenot small. my hair isnot long.（ 3）一般疑问句：am i a chinese. yes, you are. no, you arent.are they american. yes, they are. no, they aren t. is the cat fat. yes, it is. no, it isn t.11. there be结构确定句：there is athere are一般疑问句 : is there. yes, there

21、 is./ no, there isnt.are th ere否定句：there isnt. yes, there are. /no, there aren.there aren t. t.12.祈使句sit down pleasedon t sit down, please.13.现在进行时 .通常用 “ now”.形式：be +动词+ingi amnot doing my homework. you/we/they arenot reading. he/she/it isnot eating.动词 ing 的形式大多数动词 +ingwalk walking动词以e 结尾，去 e + ing

22、come coming动 词 最 后 一 个 字 母 前 是 元 音 ， 双 写 最 后 一 个 字 母 +ingrunrunning swim swimming14一般现在时；通常用“ usually, often, every day, sometimes；”形式：确定句：i go to school on foot every day.she goes to school on foot every day.一般疑问句 :do you jump high. yes, i do. / no, i don t.does he jump high. yes, he does. / no, he

23、 doesn t.否定句：we dont go to school on sundays.my mother doesn t like watching tv in the evening.15. 情态动词 can,must, should后面直接用动词原形；1. i / he / she / they can sing.2you should keep quiet in the library.16. 一般过去时态（a） ） be动词的过去式 :i/he/she/it wasnot. you/we/they were. 一般疑问句 was, were放在句首；（b） ） 动词过去式：确定句：

24、i watched cartoons.she visited the zoo.一般疑问句：did you read book last night. yes, i did. no, i didnt.did she clean the desk just now. yes, she did. no, she didn t.否定句：they didn t go the part yesterday. he didn t make model ships last week. 3动词过去式的变化：规章动词的变化：大多数动词+edplanted,watered,climbed ；动词以e 结尾 +dl

25、iked ；动词以 y 结尾，变 y 为 i+edstudy studied动词最终一个字母前是元音，双写最终一个字母+ingstop -stopped不规章动词的变化：is/am wasare weredo didhave/has hadmake madefly-flew （发音/u:/ ）eat atetake tookrun ransing sangdrink drank17. 以“ w-h”开头的问句 . what are you doing. what colour is it.what time is it. what stimthee.which is your watch, t

26、he yellow one or the white one. who s the man with a big nose.whose bag is it. when is your birthday. where is my ball pen.why do you like summer.how many books are there in the school bag. how old is the young man.how much is the toy bear.how do you go to school every day. what are you doing.what c

27、olour is it.what time is it. what s the time.which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one. who s the man with a big nose.whose bag is it. when is your birthday. where is my ball pen.why do you like summer.how many books are there in the school bag. how old is the young man.how much is the to

28、y bear.how do you go to school every day.一 、名词的复数；名词按其数 ,可分两种 :可数名词和不行数名词 .可数名词的复数变化规章:1.一般情形下 ,直接在词尾加 -s,如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens 2.以 s,x,sh,ch结尾的词 ,在词后加 -es,如:class-classes, box-boxes,match-matches,3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 ,变 y 为 i 再加-es,如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries 4.以 f 或 f

29、e 结尾的 ,变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加-es,如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以 o 结尾的加 -es 或-s,如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,二、形容词的比较级、最高级；形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规章 :1.一般情形下 ,直接在词尾加 -er 或-est,如:small-smaller-smallest,

30、short-shorter-shortest2.以 e 结尾的 ,加-er 或-est,如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的 , 变 y为 i 再加-er 或-est,如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重读闭音节 ,一个辅音字母结尾的 ,双写该字母 ,再加-er 或-est,如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5.多音节的词 ,前加 more, most,如: beautiful-more beautif

31、ul-most beautiful. 6.good-better-best三、时态 小 结时态定义特点动词的变化规章一般表示常常性现或习惯性的在动作. 时现表示现在或在 现在一阶段进正在进行的行动作.时一般 表示过去某过 时发生的动去 作或情形 . 时一般将表示将要发生的事情来时every day/morning/usuallynow/ look/ listen1 yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 2.last year/month3.a minute ago/an hour ago4.this morning/afternoon/evening1.tom

32、orrow2. the day after tomorrow/3. the next day/monday 4.at the weekend/tonight 5.tomorrow night/morning/afternoon第三人称单数的变化情形:1. 一般情形在词尾直接加 -s2. 以 ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的词加-es3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词 ,将 y改成 i 再加-es现在分词的变化情形 :1. 一般情形在词尾直接加-ing2. 以 e 结尾的词 ,去掉 e 再加-ing3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最终一个字母加 -ing动词过去式的变化情形:1. 一般情形在词尾直接加-ed2. 以 e 结尾的词加 -d3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词 ,将 y改成 i 再加-ed4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最终一个字母加 -ed主要构成be