动词以及动词短语

1、动词和动词短语动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。一，动词的分类根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类（一）实义动词1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词，表示动作或状态，在句中独立做谓语。及物动词后须跟宾语；不及物动词不跟宾语。例：What did you think of her speech?She _for one hour but didn't _ much.A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say C

2、. said; speak D. said; say注意：英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的，有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。It is important for you to learn how to learn.第一个learn是及物动词，后面有宾语how to learn；第二个learn是不及物动词。不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。He is working hard at English. 2.按时限分实义动词又分成延续性动词和非延续性动词（短暂性动词） 延续性动词动作可以延续，可以与一段时间连用。如：live, study, work

3、, stay, keep, have等。非延续性动词（短暂性动词）动作瞬间完成，不能与一段时间连用。如：finish, come, open, bring, buy等。例：The evening news comes on at seven o' clock and _ only thirty minutes.A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts（二）连系动词连系动词可以细分为以下几类1.表示“是”的be动词，根据主语有各种形式；2.表示“感觉”的连系动词。如：look, feel, smell, taste, sound等；3.表示“变

4、得、变成”的连系动词。如become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come等；4.表示“结果”的连系动词。如turn out, prove等；5.表示“仍然”的连系动词。如remain, stand, stay, keep等；6.表示“似乎、好像”的连系动词。如seem, appear, look等。注意：绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词，在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。请看下列这道选择题： good, the food has been sold out.A. Tasted B. Having been Tasted C. Tasting D. To taste（三

5、）助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语。用来表示否定，疑问，时态等语法形式。助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语），常见的有：be(am, is, are, was, were),do(does, did), have(has/had), will, would, shall, should等。（四）情态动词本身有一定意义，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化，常用来表示说话人的语气和情态。常见的有can(could), may(might), must, shall(should), will, would, ought to, dare, need等等。注意：以上四类动词都有交叉的地

6、方。如“do, have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词；“be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词；“dare, need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Please turn off every light in the house. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which h

7、ad been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。 break out爆发 break up打碎；分解 break down出毛病；抛锚；分解；崩溃Dont be so discouraged. If yousuch feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry onB. get backC. break down D. put awayI was still sleeping when th

8、e fire _,and then it spread quickly.A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out2.动词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。look after照料，look at看，look for寻找Once a decision has been made，all of us should _it.A. direct to B. stick to C. l

9、ead to D. refer toIts the present situation in poor areas that _much higher spending on education and training. A. answers forB. provides forC. calls forD. plans for3.动词+副词/名词/反身代词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。I dont _rock n roll. Its much too noisy for my taste.A. g

10、o after B. go away withC. go intoD. go in forWhy do we have to _Joans selfish behavior? She should learn to care for others.A. keep up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. come up withYou cant imagine what difficulty we had _home in the snowstorm.A. walkedB. walk C. to walkD. walkingShe devoted h

11、erself _ the problems of the teenagers.A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D.to studying附录：近几年高考重点考查的动词短语第 12页 共 12页1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组adapt to/adjust to 适应agree about对有相同的看法。agree on就达成协议；agree to同意，赞成（观点，看法等）；agree with同意某人意见（接sb.）；与相适应/一致；appeal to 向呼吁，恳求； 诉诸；求助于appeal to 吸引apply for申请；请求apply

12、to适用于；向申请(或要求) attachto将系在；使隶属/附属于，将缚在attach importance to 关注，注重attach to粘贴be admitted to/into获准进入，被录取be absorbed in埋头于，专心于be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于，迷恋2.以break为中心的词组break away from脱离，逃离，打破break down vt. 破坏，粉碎，瓦解；vi.出故障，抛锚；衰弱break in闯进，打断；使顺服break into（后面要接宾语）闯

13、入；强行进入break off 打断，断绝，折断，突然终止break out爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚break up vt.开垦，破碎；解散，分解；vi.结束；断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂break through 突破，克服，挤过去3.以build为中心的词组build on / upon 建立在上，依赖，指望build up 增强，增加，增进；建成，振兴4.以 bring为中心的词组bring about导致，引起，促使bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复bring down 使下降，浓缩，收缩，击落bring out 拿出，公布，发表，出版，生产bring up 抚养，养育，培养，

14、使停止5.以call为中心的词组call at 访问（某地），停泊在care about关心，在乎call for 需要，要求，接（某人），call in 召集，收集，请入，引入call off 取消，下令停止call on 拜访（某人），号召call out 大声喊，唤起call up 打电话给；召集; 使想起6.以come为中心的词组come about发生；改变方向come across偶然碰到；想起；越过；偿付come back回来；恢复；复原come down倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come into being发生，产生，出现，形成come into power开始执政，当权，当选c

15、ome into effect/ force开始生效，开始实行come into existence形成，产生，开始存在come into fashion开始流行come into operation开始运转，实施，生效come into use开始使用，获得应用come on快点；振作起来；请；来吧；跟着来；快点;come out出现；出版come out with说出，提出come over从远方(或克服障碍后)过来 ；顺便来访come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐，说到/提及到come to an agreement 达成协议come to a conclusion 得出结论

16、come to a decision 作出决定come to an end终止，结束come to a stop 结束，停止，停顿，come to an understanding 取得谅解when it comes to就而论，谈到come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白come to life 苏醒，栩栩如生come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来come to oneself苏醒come up with跟上；想出；提出7.以get为中心的词组get across度过，通过，横过；说服，使被理解get along前进，进步；同意；离去

17、，相处get along/on with与相处get away离开，逃脱，出发，开始度假get away from逃离get back取回，回来；报复get down记下，写下get down to着手处理，认真对待；静下心来get in插话，收割，收获get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债get off送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身get on 上车 get out出去，离开；逃脱； 泄露；摆脱；拿出来；说出get over越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get rid of除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through拨通，到达，完成，通过；及格get to 到达get up起床

18、，起立8.以give为中心的词组give away赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发give in屈服，让步，投降give off发出（烟，气味）give out vt.分发；公布；发出；使筋疲力尽； vi.用完give up放弃；停止9.以go为中心的词组go /come to sb.s rescue去/来援救某人go away走开；离去；(岁月)流逝；go back to 追溯至go by 经过，过去go on 继续，接下去go out 出去，熄灭，离开，下台，退休go over审查，复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍go up 上升，上涨，攀登10.以hold为中心的词组hold back阻挡，妨碍，控制感

19、情，隐瞒不讲hold down 压制，压低，缩减hold off 耽搁，不接近，离开hold on继续；坚持，保持；不挂断电话hold out 伸出，提出，支持，主张hold up 举起；竖起；支持；使停滞；提出；阻挡11.以keep为中心的词组keep an eye on照看，留心keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒keep in mind 记住keep off 不接近，远离keep out 使不入内keep pace with跟上，同步调一致keep up 继续，坚持，保持，维持keep up with跟上 ，与并肩前进keep watc

20、h 守望，值班，注意12.以look为中心的词组look after照料，照看look around东张西望，环顾look at看，注视(某人或某物)look away from掉过头去不忍心看look down on/upon俯视；看不起，轻视look for寻找look forward to盼望，期待look into窥视；调查；浏览look on /upon旁观；面向look on / upon as把看作look out向外看；注意；当心，提防look over从上面看过去；检查，忽略look throughlook through透过看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查look up查（单词、

21、电话号码等）；仰视；涨价look up to仰望，尊敬13.以make为中心的词组make a choice做出选择make a difference 有差别，有关系，很重要make a fool of愚弄，欺骗make a will 立下遗嘱make advantages/use of使用，利用make it 就这么定了；成功；达到某一特定目标make oneself understood 让别人理解自己make out填写；开支票；理解；辨认；弄清楚make the best/ most of尽量利用；极为重视make up弥补；修理；赔偿；起草；编造；化装；,配制；占比例14.以put为

22、中心的词组put away 把放好，把收拾；储藏；put down 放下；镇压；记下；削减；降落put it表达put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下 put on穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加put out 熄灭，扑灭；伸出，拿出put together 组装，装配，把凑合起来put up搭建；张贴；举起，挂起；投宿，留宿put up with  忍受，容忍；put up举起，抬起；建立，竖起；张贴；投宿，put through 完成，（电话用语）拨通，使穿过15.以set为中心的词组be set in 以为背景set about（doing）着手，开始set an examp

23、le to sb.给某人树立个榜样set aside 取消，放在一边，放弃，忽视，拒绝set fire to (= seton fire) 放火烧毁set off vi.出发； vt.使爆炸，拨出（钱等）set out vi.出发； vt.开始，着手(to do)，布置 set up 建立，设立，开办，引起（疾病等）16.以take为中心的词组take after 与相像， 性格类似于，效仿take away拿走，减去；夺去take down 记下；拿下；拆除；拆卸；take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗，轻信，领会take off拿出，取出，拿走，取下；脱去（衣服等），起飞，（事业上的）腾飞，成功

24、，成名take on承担，呈现，雇用take out把带出去，清除, 除掉take over接管，接替take up从事，占据时间或空间，拿起take turns(to do) 轮流做17.以turn为中心的词组turn around转身turn down拒绝，（把声音等）调低turn in上床睡觉, 上缴turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于turn off 关上（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；解雇；避开（问题）turn out外出；培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turn over翻身，翻转，把移交turn to转向；翻到（书的页数）；求助于；(使)变

25、成turn up出现；出席；被找到/发现18.其它be supposed to do应当，应该begin with从开始 ；以开始；开始于belong to属于blow out吹熄（灯火等）；油井或汽井（井喷）build up 增加，增进，建成，振兴carry on坚持，继续，进行carry out贯彻，执行，实施，完成catch up with追上，赶上close down停业；（工厂等）关闭，倒闭close up暂停营业；关闭；堵塞；（伤口）愈合deal with对付，处理die down渐渐消失，平息（尤其指火势，大海，脾气）divide up分割，瓜分，划分，分配draw up起草，制

26、订；使靠近；停住drop out退出，退学do away with去掉，废除；弄死；浪费do without不需要也行，不用；不用/吃勉强度过earn ones living挣钱；维持生计eat up吃完，吃光end up as 作为而结束的意思end up with 以为结束fight for与做斗争；为而战figure out算出；想出；理解；弄清楚fill up装满，填满find out查找出（结果）finish up 结果成为；最终到来fit in相处融洽，合得来fix up修理，安装，安排，建造，提供focus upon/on专注于grow up成长，长大hand down 把传下去

27、；留给；hand out散发，（平均）分发，发给hang up挂断电话join up联合起来；连接lead to通向；导致leave out省去；遗漏let out泄露lie in（问题、事情等）在于lift up举起；吊起live up to履行lose out失败，输掉manage it设法做成某事meet with偶然遇到；符合pick out 挑出，辨别出pick up学到(尤其指不正规的学到)；捡起；顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得point out指出pull up 停车refer to 指，提及，参考，查阅remind sb. of 就提醒(某人)，使(某人)

28、想起rule out排除（可能性）run into撞到；偶遇run out （某东西被）耗尽/用完run out of sth.用完，耗尽save up储蓄；贮存；节省see through看穿；识破(谎言)send up发射show off炫耀，卖弄slow down 慢下来speak of谈到，论及speed up加快stand for代表；象征 ；主张；支持，拥护start off动身，出发stay up不睡觉，熬夜stick to坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于tear down拆毁use up=run out of用光，用尽wait on等待，伺候，服伺warn sb. of警告某人某事wat

29、ch out注意，当心；小心谨慎，留意提防watch over看守，照管，监视work out算出，想出，制订出；产生出；解决；确定说明：这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容（这部分请参看后面有关的各讲的内容）。Recently, these companies have _ some workers because of the drop in economy. A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocke

30、d down by a truck and badly _。A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed Iit as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A. makeB. look C. take D. thinkHer shoesher dress; they look very well together.A. suit B. fit C. compare

31、D. match With modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease rema

32、ins_. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appearedIt was already past midnight and only three young men _in the tea house.A. left B. remained C. delayed D. desertedThe present situation is very complex

33、, so I think it will take me some time toits reality.A. make up B. figure out C. look throughD. put offIts going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me_ the clothes on the line?A. get off B. get back C. get inD. get onIn modern times, people have to learn toall kinds of pressure although they a

34、re leading a comfortable life.A. keep with B. stay with C. meet with D. live with_a moment and I will go to your rescue.A. Go onB. Hold on C. Move on D. Carry onHave you_ some new ideas?Yeah. Ill tell you later. A. come aboutB. come intoC. come up withD. come out withThe media can often help solve p

35、roblems and draw attention _ situations _ help is needed. A. in; that B. to; which C. in; where D. to; where 2009年1.（全国卷I）I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through2.（全国卷I）Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard. A. draw

36、B. strike C. rush D. push3.（全国卷II）If you leave the club, you will not be back in . A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved4.（天津卷）Sorry, I have to _ now. Its time for class.OK, Ill call back later. A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up5.（天津卷）Dont worry if you dont understand everything, the

37、 teacher will _ the main points at the end. A. recover B. review C. require D. remember6.（安徽卷）Just as Professor Scotti often it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude. A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means7.（安徽卷）We tried to find a table for seven，hut they were all . A. given away B. kept away C

38、. taken up D. used up8.（福建卷）We are at your service. Dont to turn to us if you have any further problems. A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek 9.（福建卷）The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D.

39、 wait on 10.（湖北卷）Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through11.（湖北卷）During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to _ bread for days.A. eat up B. give a

40、way C. do without D. deal with12.（湖北卷）The loss has not yet been _ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled13.（湖北卷）Some parents are just too protective. They want to _ their kids from every kind of danger, real o

41、r imagined. A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish14.（江苏卷） I' m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _ _   . So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up          B. finished up   &

42、#160;   C. divided up         D closed up15.（江西卷） It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children.A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out16.（山东卷）Do you have enough to _all your daily expenses?Oh yes, enough and to s

43、pare. A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer 17.（山东卷） Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to _, so she left. A. show off B. go up C. fit in D. come over 18.（陕西卷）A. notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up 19.（四川卷） Have you _

44、? No. I had the wrong number.A. got in B. got away C. got off D. got through20.（四川卷）How about your journey to Mount Emei? Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way. A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down21.（浙江卷） The good thing about children is that they very easi

45、ly to new environments.A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply 22.（浙江卷）Practising Chinese kung fu can not only ones strength, but also develop ones character.A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up 2010年1.(全国I卷) The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “this side up”A. carried B. deliver

46、ed C. pressed D. packed2.( 全国II卷8)My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together3.(安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself ,there is always someone _you wishingthey were that high.A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. looking up to D.

47、looking down upon4.(安徽卷)How did you like Nicks performance last night ? To be honest ,his singing didnt _to me much?A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur5.(福建卷)Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets it.A. keep up with B. do away with C. get down to D. look forward to6.(福建卷)

48、In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more. Its great to have the two .A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined7.(湖北卷)Duty is an act or a course of action that people you to take by social customs, law or religion.A. persuade B. request C. instruct D. expect

49、8.(湖北卷)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes9. (湖北卷)Had she_ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A. looked up to B. lived up to C. kept up with

50、D. come up with10.(江苏卷)Thousands of foreigners were_ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached 11.(江苏卷)The experiment has_ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out12.(江西卷)Parents much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A. attachB. pay C. linkD. apply13.(江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and yo