专题十四非谓语动词

1、学习必备欢迎下载专题十四非谓语动词【重点难点梳理】专题十四非谓语动词重点难点梳理概说：动名词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式称为非谓语动词，顾名思义，非谓语动词可担当除谓语外的任何成分。一、 非谓语动词的功能序功动词不定式 (to动名词分词号能do)(doing)现在分词 (doing)过去分词 (done)主表示具体的一表示习惯性1次动作,多用于动作 , 多放在语真实主语句首宾熟记跟动词不熟记跟动名2定式作宾语的动词作宾语的语词动词说明主语的具表示主语的性质 ,表说明主语的意为“令人3体内容,表意语具体内容的 ”,多修饰物；表向、打算、计划正在进行的动作4宾熟记 vt. sb. to do与

2、宾 语构 成主动表示主语的性质,意为“感到 的”,多修饰人；表被动或已完成的动作与宾语构成被动学习必备欢迎下载补sth.此类用法的关系 ,表正在进行关系,表已完成动词的动作的动作前置表示被修饰与被修饰语构成与被修饰语构成5语的功能或主动关系或正在被动关系或已完定语作用进行的动作成的动作续表序功动词不定式 (to动名词号能do)(doing)6后置表将来发生的定语动作或表用途与主句主语构状成主动关系,表7语目的、结果、原因等分词现在分词 (doing)过去分词 (done)与被修饰语构成与被修饰语构成主动关系被动关系与主句主语构成 与主句主语构成主动关系, 表伴 被动关系 ,表伴随、时间、原随、

3、时间、原因、条件、方因、条件、方式、结果等式、结果等二、 非谓语动词的时态和语态主动形式被动形式to doto be doneto be doing(与谓语动词同时发动词不定式生)(to do)to have done(发生在谓语动词之to have been done前)doing( 与主句主语构成主动关doingbeing done系)学习必备欢迎下载having done(发生在谓语动词之having been done前)过去分词done(与主句主语构成被动关系)用法 :非谓语动词的一般式表示与主句谓语动词同时或之后发生的动作；非谓语动词的完成式表示在主句谓语动词之前发生的动作。如：

4、(1) Doing my homework, I heard a cry for help.(heard 与 doing的动作同时进行 )做作业时 ,我听到了喊救命的声音。(2) Having done my homework, I went to bed.(do 发生在谓语动词 went之前 )做完作业后 ,我就上床睡觉了。三、 动词不定式和动名词作宾语的比较情况只接动词不常用动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage,定式作宾语agree, afford, determine, pr

5、omise, happen的动词mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, 只 接 动 名 词 appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercan t help, feel like,succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be作宾语的动engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pri

6、de in, set about, be词或短语tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, adapt tobegin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接动词不定式多指具体的两意义基本动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯的行为)者相同need, want, require(接动名词用主动形式表示被动意义；若接动词不都定式则应用被动形式 )可以意义相反学习必备欢迎下载意义不同四、 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别序

7、与宾语的逻辑关系类 别常见动词号及时间概念ask,beg, expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,主谓关系强调动1不定式encourage作将发生或已经完have, notice,see,成watch, hear,feel,let, make现在分主谓关系强调动作正在进行 ,尚未完2notice, see, watch,词成hear,find,keep,have, feel(即 :感官过去分动词和使役动词 )动宾关系动作已3经完成 ,多强调状态词例句(1) I expect them to win the game.我期望他们赢得比赛。(2) I heard him

8、call me several times.我听见他叫了我几遍。I found her listening to theradio.我发现她在听收音机。Wefoundthevillagegreatly changed.我们发现这个村子发生了很大的变化。五、 现在分词和过去分词的用法对比分现在分词过去分词例句学习必备欢迎下载类项 目(1) I can hear him singing.我能听见他在唱歌。意义表示主动意义表示被动意义所表示的动作一所表示的动作多动作般在进行中已完成语 义 意为 “令人 ” 意为 “感到 ”六、 特别提示(2) I can hear the song sung in

9、English.我听见这首歌是用英语唱的。China is a developing country while America is a developed one.中国是个发展中国家而美国是发达国家。It is an exciting match, so we are excited.这是一场令人兴奋的比赛,所以我们感到很兴奋。(1) He did nothing all the morning but动词不定式作介词 but的宾语时 ,watch TV.如前 面有 实义动词 do( 各种形他整个上午除了看电视外无所事事。式 ),则动词不定式不带 to；否则(2) He said noth

10、ing but to sleep. 他什么关于动不能省略 to。也没有说就去睡觉了。词动词不定式作定语时 ,如果动词不定式(1) I want a small room to live in.我想要不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑住小房间。上的动宾关系 ,且动词不定式的(2) I need a nice pen to write with.我需动词是不及物动词 ,记住别漏掉要一支笔写字。介词。学习必备欢迎下载动词不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词 (let, make)的宾补 ,动词不定式不带 to,但句子变成被动语态时 ,要带 to。现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行 ,动词不定式作宾补表示动作发生的全过

11、程。(1) I saw him go into the room. 我看见他走进了房间。 (2) He was seen to go into the room.有人看见他走进了房间。(1) I saw them coming in. 我看见他们正在进来。(2) I saw them come in. 我看见他们进来了。(1) The problem discussed yesterday is important to us.及物动词的过去分词 (done)与现在 分 词 的 一 般 被 动 式 (beingdone)都有被动意义 ,前者表示动关于分作完成 ,后者表示动作在进行。词注意：不定

12、式有表将来之意。分词的独立主格结构:如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致 ,需用一个独立结构 (即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with/without 引导的介词短语表达。动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途 ,而现在分词表动作或状态、关于动特征。名词动名词的复合结构作宾语时,动昨天讨论的问题对我们来说很重要。(2) The problem being discussed at present is important to us. 目前正在讨论的问题对我们来说很重要。(3) The problem to be discussed tomorrow is important to us. 明天将

13、要讨论的问题对我们来说很重要。(1) Time permitting, we ll do another twoexercises.如果时间许可 ,我们将再做两道练习。(2) The key lost, I couldn t enter the officebuilding.由于钥匙丢了 ,我不能进入办公大楼。(1) This is a sleeping bag. 这是睡袋。(2) He is sleeping. 他正在睡觉。(1) Do you mind my/me/Tom smoking here?学习必备欢迎下载名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语则不行。我/ 汤姆在这里吸烟

14、 ,你会介意吗 ?(2) My/Tom s smoking here annoyed him.我/ 汤姆在这里吸烟使他很生气。(1) There is no knowing what he will do动名词作主语还可用于“Therenext.be no+动名词 ”结构和 “布告 ”形不知道他下一步会做什么。式的省略结构中。(2) No smoking.禁止吸烟。【梯度升级训练】梯度升级训练(见学生用书 P269P270)一、 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. turn(1) Turn to the left, and you ll see the bus stop.(2) Turning to

15、 the left, you ll see the bus stop.2. tell(1) Having been told/Told many times, he still couldn t understand the question.(2) Having told me the bad news, he went out of the room sadly. 3. give(1) Nothing could make us give up the hope.(2) Crusoe made a candle to give light. 4. examine(1) I want to

16、examine your bag.(2) Your eyes want examining/to be examined.学习必备欢迎下载(3) I want my eyes to be examined/examined this afternoon. 5. get(1) What s the way Smith thoughtoofget enough money to buy the new house?(2) I m thinkinggettingof Tom to repair my bike. 6. smoke(1) We don t allowsmoking in the off

17、ice because of the public health.(2) We don t allow anyonetosmoke in the office because of the public health. 7. listen(1) My little brother enjoys nothing but listening to music.(2) My little brother does nothing all day but listen to music.(3) My little brother had no choice but to listen to me. 8

18、. hear(1) The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.(2) The teacher raised his voice in order to make his students hear what he said.(3) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to be heard. 9. discuss(1) The problem is worth discussing again.(2) The pro

19、blem is worthy to be discussed again.(3) The problem is worthy of being discussed again.10. get, fail(1) It passes right through their bodies, only getting a little thicker and sweeter.(2) He worked harder only to fail again.11. ask(1) No one can stop us asking questions.(2) We stopped to aska schoo

20、lboy the way to the teachers office.12. face(1) Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.(2) Nearly every great building in Beijing was built facing south.13. hold(1) The parents meetingtobe held next Saturday is very important.(2) The 29th Olympic Games held in Beijing was

21、 a great success.学习必备欢迎下载(3) The parents14. make meetbeing held in our school now is important.(1) To make this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.(2) Having made the cake, she got down to cooking some milk.(3) I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make matters worse, it began to

22、rain.15. clean(1)The room is so dirty that I cancleaningt helpit.(2)I m too busy, so I can (to)cleanthelpthe room.(3)The room is too dirty. I cancleanthelpit. but16. type(1) I knew I would be busy today, so I had my paper typed last night.(2) I can t go with you. I have some paperstotype.(3) Do you

23、have any papers to be typed, Sir?17. settle(1) With many problems to settle, the president will have a hard time.(2) With the problem settled, he had a good sleep last night.(3) With the secretary settling the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office.18. cheat(1) “ I ever saw him

24、cheat an old man of 500yuan, ” he said to the police.(2) He was seen to cheat an old man of 500yuan in the street yesterday.(3) Unluckily, the policeman saw him cheating an old man around the corner.19. The film was disappointing and all of us were very disappointed. (disappoint)20. At the beginning

25、 of class, the noise of desks being opened and closed(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom.二、 语法填空A long time ago, there was a huge huge apple tree. A little boy came1(sing)and jumping and lay under it every day. He would climb to the tree top, eat the apples, and take a nap in the s

26、hade. He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.学习必备欢迎下载In the2(follow) years, the boycame and cut the branches 3 (build) ahouse, used the trunk on which he used to climb4(make) a boat and then nevershowed up for a long time.Finally,5 (be) tired of travelling, the boy returned.“ Sorry, m

27、y boy, but I donhave anything for you anymore. No more apples for you.” the tree said.“ I don teeth to bite.6(eat) apples no longer appeals to me,”the boy replied. “ Nomoretrunk for you to climb on. ”“ Iam too old7(climb)now, ”the boy said. “ Ireallycan t give you anything.the only thing left is my

28、dying roots,” the tree said with tedonneedt much now, just a place 8 (rest). I mtired after9 (travel) all theseyears, ” the boy replied.“ Good! Old tree roots are the best place to lean on and rest. Come,come, sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was10 glad,(smile)with tears.本文是

29、一篇记叙文。老苹果树把它的一切无私地送给小男孩。然而 ,男孩注定要远行。多年以后 ,厌倦了旅行的男孩又回到了苹果树身边。然而 ,老苹果树只剩下了树根供他倚靠。1. singing 此处为 came的伴随状语 ,且与主语为主动关系 ,故用 singing。2. following 此处为动名词 following 作定语 ,表示 “在接下来几年 ”。3. to build 此处用动词不定式表目的。4. to make 此处用动词不定式表目的。5. having been 此处为伴随状语 ,且与主句构成因果关系 ,故用 having done结构。6. Eating 此处用动名词形式主语。7. t

30、o climbtoo.to.:太 ,而不能 8. to rest 此处为动词不定式充当后置定语 ,表示 “一个可以休息的地方 ”。9. travelling 介词 after后接动名词形式。10. smiling 此处为伴随状语 ,且与主语 the boy构成主动关系 ,故用 smiling 。学习必备欢迎下载三、 单句改错1. Group activities will be organized after class to helping children develop team spirit. 【答案】 helping help2. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returning to our shop for quality problems.【答案】 returningreturned3. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only find it didn 【答案】 only后加 to4. It s quite hot today. Do you feel likeoforg a swim?【答案】 gogoing5. There is a note pinned to the door say