情态动词用法比较表

1、情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必 要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。分类情态动词有四类： 只做情态动词：must,can（could）,may（might） 可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare,will 具有情态动词特征： have（had,has） to,used to, ought to，had better 情态动词表猜测：一肯一否三不定（ must 肯，must not否，can，could，would三不定。）注：must n't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观，have to表示客观情

2、态动词词义词义解释例句1may （ might）能否、可否1）表示请求和允许。might比 may语气 更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可 用can'或 mustn'，表示 不可以，禁 止”用May 1.征佝对方许可时比较正式和 客气，而用Can I.在口语中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。3）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性 比may小。Can/ May I help you 我能帮助你吗 May I have your name我能知道你的名子吗He may be wrong , but Inoti sure.也许他错了，但我也不

3、确定。-Might/ May I smoke in this room-No, you mustn ' t.-May/Might I take this book out of the roomYes, you can（No, you can ' t / mustn ' t.） He may /might be very busy now.Your mother may /might not know the truth.May you succeed!（祈使）2Will （would）决心,希望、 愿望、愿意用于疑冋句表示说话人向对方提出请求 或询冋,would为wi

4、ll的过去式,用 would比 will更婉转 客气。1）（表示单纯的将来）将He will be home at six.他六点回家。（将来时）2）（表示意志、意愿）愿，要You will come, wo n't you你会来的,是不是3）（表示经常性、习惯性）经常，惯于，总是These thi ngs will happe n.这种事总是要发生的。4）（表示猜测）可能，大概This will be the house you're looki ng for.这大概就是你找的那所 房子了。5）（表示责任、义务）必须，疋No one will leave the exam i

5、n ati on room before ten o'clock. 十点 以前谁也不能离开考场。3can （could）可以、能、 同意表示说话人能,可以,同意，准许，以及客观 条件许可,could为can的过去式。I can read this sentence in En glish.我能用央语读这句话。 We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。 表推测： He must/can/may,might know the answer to this questio n.他一疋/可能/也许知道这个冋题的答案。4Shall （should）

6、应当、允许1）shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意 见。2）shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人 给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁、劝 告，建议惊奇。should, ought to 表示 应该”，ought to 表示义务或责任，比should语气重。What shall we do this eve ningShall we begin now我们现在就开始吗You shall fail if you don work hardt（警告）He shall have the book when I finish it.允诺）It 'seven o' clocklack sho

7、uld/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）1.1 should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.5Need需要，必须（多用于疑问句和否定句）需要必须在肯疋句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, should 代替。need n't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做 了没必要做的事情（真不应 ）1）情态动词：（多用于疑问句和否定句）需要，必须Need you go so soon

8、你需要这么早走吗You needn ' t come so early.-Need I finish the work todayYes, you must. / No, you neen' t.2）实意动词：需要，有必要The garde n n eeds wateri ng.花园该浇水了。6ought to应当，应该1）should, ought to 表示 应该”，ought to 表示义务或责任，比should语气重。2）表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用 shouldo3）表示推测Tom should not /ought

9、not to have told me your secret,but he mea nt no harm.（虚拟） 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他 并无恶意。You ought to have bee n here yesterday.你昨天就应该来。 You ought not to have take n the book out of the read ing-room. 你不should , ought to （客观推测）,must（主观 推测）。ought to have done 句型。指过去动作, 表示一件事情该做而未做。ought not to have done 句型。表

10、示一件 不该做的事情却做了。应该把书带出阅览室。I should help her because she is in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I ope n the win dowHe must be home by now.断定他已到家）He ought to/should be home by now.（不太肯疋） This is where the oil must be.直爽）This is where the oil

11、 ought to/should be.（含蓄）7must必须,应该， 疋,准疋, 偏要 否定式 mustn ' t 意为疋不要” “不 允许”表示说话人认为有必要做某事,命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。1）表示“必须”此时可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句， 用于否定句时，mustn' t的意思是“一 定不要” “不能”，而不表示“不必”。2）表示推测意为“准是”“一定是”，通常只用于 肯定句。若用于否定句或疑问句，则用 can代之3）表示“偏偏”对于must开头的一般疑冋句，若作否疋 回答，可以用needn' t，不用 mustn ' t。如:“Must

12、I clean all the rooms” “No, you needn' t. ”1）（表示必要、命令或强制）必须，得You must n't talk like that .你可不能这样说话。 We must be home by six.我们必须在六点以前回家。You must obey the school rules你必须遵守校规。2）（表示肯定的推测）一定是，谅必，八成This must be your room.这一疋是你的房间了 He must be eighty now.他现在八成有八十岁了。3）表示“偏偏”有时must可表示某事发生得不早不迟，就在某个当紧

13、的时候， 多指某些不受欢迎的事情的发生。如：The car must break down just we were starting our holidays.我们 刚刚开始休假，汽车偏偏坏了。Just when 1 was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正当 我忙碌的时候，邻居偏偏过来聊天。9have to不得不,必 须have to的否 定式 don ' t have to 意为表示客观条件只能如此，而must则表 示主观思想必须。have to有时态三单数。如否定句用doesn'/don 'didn t+ha

14、ve to+动词原形I kn ow I must study hard我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-ni ght.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven ' t got any money with me, so I to borrowaveme from my frie nd.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。“不必”(=need n ' t)must, have to 的区另1) 表示必须、必要。2) must是说话人的主观看法，而havet

15、o则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时(在从句中可有过 去时)，have to有更多的时态形式。3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈 述句)与must的区分：You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用must n't禁止，不准)，而用 needn' t, don ' t have不必).-Must we hand in our exercise books todayYes, you must. -No, you don ' t have to / you needn'he play isn ' t

16、interesting, 1 really must go now.I had to work whe n 1 was your age.You' re Tom ' s good friend, so you must know what he likes best Your mother must be wait ing for you now.8had better 同 had best最好。had better not最好别1) He had better stay in bed tomorrow.他最好明天卧床休息。2) You had better not say i

17、t again.你最好不要再提那件事了。10would rather宁愿、宁可意为宁愿”表选择。1) Would you rather work on a farm2) Would n't you rather stay here No,I would not. I'd rather go there.11used to过去常常 usedn' tto过去不常used to do表示过去常常做某事，而现 在往往不做了used to与would的用法比较(1) 两者都表示过去的习惯，当表示过 去习惯性的动作时，可互换。如：When we were childre n we

18、would used to go skating every winter. 我们小时 候，每年冬天都去溜冰。(2) 若表示过去持续的状态，通常只用 used to，不用 would。如：He used to like you.他原来还是喜欢你 的。(3) 若要强调过去与现在的对比，也通I used to write poetry whe n 1 was young. 我年轻时常常写诗。 "Do you play golf" "No, but I used to."你打咼尔夫球吗不打，但我过去打。You used togo there, usedn &#

19、39; t didn 你过去常到那儿去，是 吗Where did you use to live你过去是住哪儿的 He usedn ' t didn ' t use to 他i过去不常来。常只用used to。如:I don' s moke these days, but I used to. 我现在不抽烟，但我以前是抽的。I used to drive to work but now I cycle. 过去我常驾车上班，但我现在骑自行车。ul12dare敢;竟敢dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、 否定句和条件从句中，*过去式形式为 dared。除用作情态动词外，更

20、多的是当实义动 词使用，用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人 称,单复数，时态等。情态动词1）敢;竟敢How dare you ask me such a questi on你怎敢冋我这样的冋题 My youn ger sister dare not go out alone.我妹妹不敢单独出去。If we dared not go there that day , we couldn ' t get the beautif flowers.如果那天我们没敢去那儿，那么我们不能得到鲜花。及物动词2）敢;胆敢He did not dare to leave his car there.他不敢把车

21、停放在那里。【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）单项选择：1. Johncome to see us tonight, but he isn' t very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. must2. Theydo well in the exam.A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to3. May I take this book out No, you.A. can' t B. may not C. needn ' t D. aren '

22、;t4. Yougo and see a doctor at once because you' re got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would5. Can you speak Japa neseNo, I.A. mustn ' t B. can ' C. needn ' t D. may not6. Hebe in the classroom, I thi nk.No, hebe in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may not B.

23、must; may not C. may; can 'Dt may; must n't7. Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad Than ks, but you, I ' ve had eno ugh.8. Even the top students in our class can' t work out this problem, so itA. may B. must C. can D. need9. He isn ' t at school. I think hebe ill.A. canB. shall

24、C. mustD. has to10. I take this oneA. MayB. WillC. AreD. Do11. The childrenplay football on the road.A. can'B. canC. mustn' t D. must12. Yoube late for school again next time.A. mustn'tB.needn't C.don't have toD.don'tneed to13. Must I do my homework at once No, you.A. needn&#

25、39;tB.mustn't C.can'D. maynot14. His arm is all right. Hego and see the doctor.A. has not toB.don 'thave to C.haven 'ttcD.doesn't have to15. Hehad to give up theplan,heA. did B. didn 'Ct does D. doesn ' t16. They had to walk here,theyA. mustn ' t B. did C. didn 'D

26、thadn ' t17. He had better stay here,heA. didn ' Bt don ' C. hadn ' Dt isn ' t18. You ' d betterlate next time.A. not to be B. not be C. won ' t be D. don' t be19. You ' d betteryour haironce a month.A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted20. Youask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not21. Shall we go and visit the History Museum n ext Sun day A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can ' Ct Yes, please D. Let me try be very difficult