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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词、代词1、 考点、热点回顾(一) 名词1. 名词的数(1) 可数名词 一般是个体名词,如a boy(一个男孩),集体名词a family(一个家庭),可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾,头就是a,one,an或物主代词;尾就是复数形式。规则复数变化形式: 情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音或原音后读/z/bookbookskeykeys以o结尾的表示有生命的名词加-es读/z/tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/busbuseswatchwatchesboxboxes以ce
2、,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的名词加-s读/iz/casecasesorangeoranges以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为i,再加-es读/z/familyfamiliespartyparties以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v,再加-es读/z/knifeknivesleafleaves 不规则复数变化形式:变内部元音字母foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men词尾加enchild-children, ox-oxen单复数同形fish, sheep, deer, means, Chinese, yuan, jin, li特殊的复数形
3、式:1)集体名词:集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体”。the police警察(指全体警察) the English英国人(指全体英国人)the French法国人(指全体法国人) 2)复合名词a woman teacherwomen teachers女教师 an EnglishmanEnglishmen英国男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人 a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯(2) 不可数名词 专有名词:NBA全美篮球协会 Michael Jackson
4、迈克杰克逊 the West Lake西湖物质名词:液体:milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉类:beef chicken mutton pork天气:weather rain snow wind light 光其他:news(新闻,消息) bread(面包)抽象名词:fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。tea different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶food 食品 all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品fr
5、uit 水果 all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯 glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯【名词的格】1)表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。一般在单数或复数名词后加's。如:Tom's chair; the children's bedroom以s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如:the students' reading room并列名词 表示各自所属时,在两个名词之后都加s;w表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。如:Tom and Mike's father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共
6、有的父亲) Toms and Mikes fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲(俩人各自的父亲)表示店铺,某人的家,私人开的诊所、餐馆等,其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。如: at Toms 在汤姆家里 at the tailor's在裁缝店 at a chemist's在药店 2)表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格,常常用“of+名词”的形式。如:the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福注意:表示有生命东西的名词,如果名词较长或名词的定语较长也可用“of+名词”的形式。如:the works
7、of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun the founding of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词,可用's。如:yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸 five minutes drive开车五分钟的路程of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。如: a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指 某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。如: teachers'
8、; office 教师办公室 children's book 儿童读物(二) 代词:英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。人称代词:人 称单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem通 称oneones物主代
9、词:人 称单 数复 数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称his her itshis hers itstheirtheirs通 称one's反身代词:人 称单 数复 数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfhersel
10、fitselfthemselves通 称oneself不定代词:常见的有some,any,all,none,both,either,either,each, other,another,much,many,few,little,one等指示代词:this,that,these,thoseWhowhomwhosewhichwhat谁(主格) 谁(宾格)谁的哪个,哪些什么疑问代词:2、 典型例题( )1. How many _ were lost in the fire!Alife Blives Clifes( )2. We will have a _ holi
11、day, What about going to West Lake?Atwo dayBtwo-day Ctwo-daysDtwo days( )3. I have _ to do this evening.Aa lot of works Bmany work Ca lot of workDsome works( )4.There is good_ for you. I've found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts( )5.My uncle will come to my house for din
12、nerI want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him Ameat Btomatoes Capple juice( )6.The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. A. farmers B. doctors C. driv
13、ers D. singers ( )7. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the
14、160; D. How, the ( )8 exciting news! We will have
15、0; long holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the &
16、#160; ( )9. Miss Brown will teach _ English next term. A. us B. we C. our D. ours( )10._ are League members. A. He and me B. I and he C. He and I D. Me and he( )11.We are in a hurr
17、y, so we cant look after _. A. they B. their C. theirs D. them( )12.“Look at that bike,” he said to his brother. “Isnt it one of _?” A. ours B. ours C. ours D. our( )13. Would you please give _? A him it B it him C to him it D it to him( )14. She always thin
18、ks of _ more than _. A others, her B the others, she C others, herself D the others, herself( )15. -Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow one or the pink one?- _. I like a light blue one.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither三、课后练习( )1-How far is your cousins home from here? -Its about two _ drive.A.
19、 hours B. hours C. hours D. hour( )2- Good morning, madam. Can I help you? -Sure, Id like _ for cooking vegetables. A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread C. five kilos of oil( )3-Would you like some drinks, boys? -Yes, _ , please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two
20、boxes of cola( )4-Look! Do you know _man under the tree? -Sorry .Its too far to see _clearly.A. this; himB. that; hisC. this; herD. that; him( )5-Which of the caps will you take? -Ill take _,one for my father ,the other for my brother.A. neitherB. bothC. all( )6-Who helped you clean the classroom ye
21、sterday? -_.I cleaned it all by myself.A. SomebodyB. NobodyC. Everybody( )7-Excuse me .I want to buy some stamps. Where can I find a post office? -I know _not far from here. You can easily find _.A. that; itB. it; oneC. one; it( )8_of the hats suited him, so Jack had to try on the third one.A. Neith
22、erB. EitherC. Both( )9-Have you got _ready for the sports meeting? -Not yet. We still have _to do.A. anything; nothingB. something; everythingC. everything; something( )10. All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. it D. them( )11. -Linda, help _ to some fruits. -Thank
23、 you!A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves ( )12. She is a student and _ name is Kate.A. she B. her C. hers( )13This English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are _ new words in it. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few( )14. Today is September 10th. It's_ Day. Let's
24、go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's ( )15 .He had something to write down and asked me for_, A. a paper B. some papers C some pieces papers D. a piece of paper( )16. The _ now is that we have lots of _ to ask, A. problem; quest
25、ions B. question; problems C question; problem D. problem; question ( )17. - Can I just have a try? -Sure. It doesn't if you give a wrong answer. A. matter B. trouble C. mind D. care ( )18. - Could you move over a little and make some_ for me? - Sure. Please. A. place B. seat C. room D. ground (
26、 )19. -What would you like to drink, girls? -_, please. A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees ( )20. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs far _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks ( )21. I'd like something to read. W
27、ould you please pass me the _? A.pen B. box C. ruler D. book ( )22. September 10th is _. A. Women's Day B. Children's Day C. Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers' Day ( )23. -How do you get home from _? By bus? -No, I walk. _ isn't very far. A. school, The school B. the school, The school C. t
28、he school, School D. school, School 24. She began to learn French all by herself last year. She began to _ _ (自学) French last year.25. This is not my pencil-box. _(I)is in the bag.26. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _(he)?27. Did you enjoy _ (you),Mary and Kate?28.The hunter was very sma
29、rt and brave. When two _ (狼) came, he wasnt afraid at all. 典型例题答案专心-专注-专业1答案:B此题考查名词的单数和复数问题,根据问题中的动词were得知此题应该用名词的复数形式,而life这个名词属于以f,fe结尾的名词,改f,fe为ve再加s,注意这里的lives读laivz。2答案:B此题考查复合名词作定语,复合名词作定语时,通常不用复数形式,中间用连字符号。当然如果不用连字符号也可以用名词的所有格形式,此题的命题陷阱在选项D上,选项D two days,如果是two days就可以选用,同学们一定要注意所有格符号的位置。3答案
30、:C此题主要考查work这个词的用法,work当“工作”讲时是不可数名词(当然当作著作讲时是可以加s的),所以A选项不能选用;B选项many不能修饰不可数名词,也不能选用;D选项,work加了s,也不能选用,只能用C选项。a lot of可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,此题中文“今天晚上我有许多工作要做”。4答案A。解析 四个选项都是以s结尾的名词,其中A为不可数名词,B、C、D为名词的复数形式,句中用了连系动词is,5答案B。解析下文说制作蔬菜沙拉,故选蔬菜类的tomatoes。6答案 D。 解析可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加“s”。根据school concert可知,需要挑选的是
31、singers。7答案 B。 解析news为不可数名词,其前面不能用a/an来修饰。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。8答案 B。 解析news为不可数名词,其前面不能用a/an来修饰。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。9答案:B分析: teach 是及物动词后面带宾语,因此应该用代词的宾格。10答案:C分析: 从句子结构来看空
32、格处应填主语所以要填主格,按英语的习惯在并列主语中,I总是放在最后。11答案:D分析:look after 是一个短语动词,其中的after是介词,需要接宾格形式。另外,我们也可以把look after看作是一个及物动词,其后面也应该接宾格形式。12答案:C分析:在“one of + ?”结构中要用名词性物主代词,根据前文,它相当于“a bike of ours”。13 D分析:英语中,当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时,一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后讲直接宾语(人),而且要在直接宾语(人)前加上介词“to”。 所以本题答案应该选“”。14 C”分析:在英语中,“别人”属于“泛指”,应
33、译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“。15“C”分析:在英语中,“一些,另一些”有两种译法:“Some , the others ”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况,而“Some , others ”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”,显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容,所以本题答案应该选。16 C分析:英语中,“too to”意为“太而不能”,具有否定的含义。因此,“for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“any
34、one”才对。17 D分析:带有定冠词“the”的名词前,应该用代词词组:“some of”(意为“其中一些”)、“much of”(意为“其中许多”)、“most of”(意为“其中大多数”)等。“the most of”(意为“其中最多的”)在本句中的译法欠妥,所以本题答案应该选:。18 D分析:意为“两者都不”、“none”或“no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、“one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意,答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”, 19:B分析:在英语中,“另两个”的译
35、法有多种:“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室,“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的,因此,必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”,因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。 20 B分析:要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性:这句是“the dishes on Table One”(一桌上的菜)和“the dishes on Table Two”(二桌上的菜)作比较,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用“those”来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选:21 D分析:要注意在“There is ”或“There are ”的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选:22 B分析:take sth with sb意思是“随身带”,指代很明确,不需要强调。但是,后半句如果用her,则可能理解为她与别人谈话,与第二句的意思不
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