牛津英语初中八种时态总结

1、精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义教学内容初中英语八种时态归纳复习 . 初中英语八种时态归纳复习一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语： always, usually, often,sometimes, every week (day, year, month )， once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be 动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be 动词放于句首；用助动词do

2、提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month ), in 1989, just now,at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be 动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't ，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问

3、句：was或 were 放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语： now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构： am/is/are+doing否定形式： am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be 动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构： was/wer

4、e+doing否定形式： was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was 或 were 放于句首。五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语： recently, lately, since， for ,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构： have/has + done否定形式： have/has + not +done.一般疑问句：have 或 has 放句首。六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“

5、过去的过去” 。时间状语： before, by the end of last year(term, month ),etc. 基本结构： had + done.否定形式： had + not + done.一般疑问句：had 放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, in a fewminutes, the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do； will/shall+ do.

6、否定形式： am/is/are+not going to + do ; will/shall+not+do ，一般疑问句： be 放于句首； will/shall 提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中 。时间状语： the next day(morning,year ), the followingmonth(week ), etc.基本结构：was/were/going to + do； would/should+ do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do; would/should+ not + do.一般疑问句

7、：was 或 were 放于句首；would/should提到句首。 . 几种常见时态的相互转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于 “一段时间+ ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间+ since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is 来代替 It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some ti

8、me has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League fortwo years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at 加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如 at work （在工作） , at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态

9、转换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mikeis at play.Peter is working,but Mikeis playing.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈！ ”请看：The train is leavingsoon.The train willleave soon.四、“be going to+ 动词原形”与“will(shall)+ 动词原形”结构的转换“ be going

10、 to+ 动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will 。请看：We are going to visit the Great Wallnext Sunday.We shall visitthe Great Wall next Sunday.时态考点：一、对一般现在时的考查1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。Months ago we sailed ten thousand mi

11、les across the open sea, which _ the Pacific, andwe met no storm. （ 2005 年辽宁卷）A. was calledB. is calledC. had been calledD. has been called2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句，在以 if,unless, once 等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中

12、的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since we ve gotreadyeverything.（2005 年全国卷）A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining解析： if 引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, lastnight, the o

13、ther day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent（ 2005 年上海卷）三、对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间 What s the terrible noise？ The neighb

14、ours _ for a party. （ 2004 年北京卷）A. have preparedB. are preparingC. prepareD. will prepare四、对过去进行时的考查1.把过去进行时放在 when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。 You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （200

15、4 年福建卷）A. was waitingB. had waitedC. am waitingD. have waited2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。 Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He_ it this morning.（ 2004年全国卷）A. didB. has doneC. was doingD. had done3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。Shirely_a book about China last year but I donA.has written B. wroteC. had

16、writtenD. was writing t know whether she（ has98）finished it.五、对现在完成时的考查1.现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成，而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。 He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he canborrow money from the bank（ 2005 年湖北卷）A. were decidingB. have decidedC. decidedD. will decide Millions

17、 of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （ 2005 年重庆卷）A. has been causedB. had been causedC. will be causedD. will have been caused2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for 或 since 等短语连用。 The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. （ 2004 年全国卷）A. hasn t clea

18、ned B. didn t cleanC. wasn t cleanedD. hasn t been cleaned3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。 Where _ the recorder? I can t see it anywhere（98NMET. ） I _ it right here. But now it s gone.A. did you put; have putB. have you put; putC. had you put; was puttingD.

19、were you putting; put六、对现在完成进行时的考查现在完成与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或仍在继续。I have written an article. （已完成）I have been writing an article.（还在写）2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay 等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for

20、ten years. 另外注意的是：表短暂动作的动词（ finish, marry, get up, come, go 等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _going back to school, but she hasn（ 2004年北京tdecided卷） yet.A. had consideredB. has been consideringC. considered D. is going to consider七、对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常以“过去 ”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，常用此时态。 Ge

21、orge and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? （ 2004 年湖北卷）A. was not invitedB. have not been invitedC. hadn t been invited D. didn t invite常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有 when, before, after, until, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。When the old man _ to walk ba

22、ck to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. （ 2005 年湖北卷）A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hidingD. was starting; hid把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或 by the time +从句的句子里考查。By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.（ 2007 年上海春）A. would be

23、completedB. was being completedC. has been completedD. had been completed时态练习 :1.We haven trdheafrom Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happeningB. happensC. has happenedD. happened2.Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here?A. don t know; were youB. hadn t known; are you

24、 C. haven t known; are D. didn t know; have you been3.I m glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to.A. finished; wereB. have finished; areC. have finished; wereD. had finished; were4.It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.A. findsB. has f

25、oundC. was foundD. has been found5.When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten 6. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had paint

26、ed C. have been painting D. have paintedC. had spoken; have forgotten7. - Have you had any letters from him? - No, I haven t, but my wife _ him regularly . A. has heard from B. has been hearing from C. had heard from D. hears from 8.I don t really work here. I _ until the new secretary _.A. just hel

27、p out; comesB. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come9.- When shall we leave?- As soon as I _ what I _.A. will finish; doB. have finished, am doingC. finish, will doD. finish, do10.At that time he _ in the library.A. workedB. had workedC. was wo

28、rkingD. would work11.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _in the office.A. were working; had leftB. worked; leftC. had worked; leftD. were working; would leave12.- Hey, look where you are going!- Oh, I m terribly sorry. _.A. I m not noticing.B. I wasn t noticingC. I haven t

29、noticedD. I don t notice.13.He _ a book about China last year, but I don t know if he _ it.A. wrote; has finishedB. was writing; has finishedC. was writing; had finishedD. wrote; will finish14.As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallin

30、g D. read; fell15.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was pickingB. saw; pickedC. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking时态语态巩固练习:() 1. Don t make so much noise. We _ to the music.A. listenedB. listenC. are listeningD. have listened() 2. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I

31、_ it for two weeks.A. keepB. borrowedC. have keptD. have lent() 3. When will you tell him the good news?-I will tell him about it as soon as he _ back.A. comesB. cameC. will comeD. is coming() 4. Dad, please open the door, it _. OK, dear. I m coming.A. locksB. lockedC. is lockedD. was locked() 5. Di

32、d you go to Jim s birthday party?-No, I _.A. am not invitedB. wasn t invitedC. haven t invitedD. didn t invite() 6. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. be givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. will give() 7. You may go fishing if your work _.A. is doneB. will be doneC. has

33、 doneD. have done() 8. What do you think of the football match yesterday?-Well. It s surprising. The strongest team of our school _.A. was beatenB. wonC. scoredD. was failed() 9. Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday?- If I don t go, _.A. so does heB. so he willC. neither will heD.

34、neither does he() 10. The trees must _ three times a week.A. waterB. is wateringC. be wateredD. waters() 11. Did you see Tom at the party?- No, he _ by the time I got there.A. leftB. was leavingC. had leftD. has left() 12. Why not go to see the dolphin show with me?-Because I _ it.A. sawB. will seeC

35、. seeD. have seen() 13. Do you like watching cooking programs on TV?-No, I don t, but my twin brother _. He s very fond of cooking.A. doesB. doC. isD. are() 14. Catherin _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has writtenB. was writtenC. had writtenD. is writing() 15. The old man is

36、quite weak after the accident, so he _.A. must take care ofB. must be take care ofC. must look afterD. must be looked after() 16. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _ for me?A. pick it upB. pick up itC. pick up themD. pick them up() 17. He _ living in the country to the city.A. likesB. pre

37、fersC. enjoysD. loves() 18. How long have you _ the book?A. boughtB. lentC. hadD. borrowed() 19. Do you know him well ?-Sure. We _ friend since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made() 20. _ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _ me?A. Listen to; hearB. Hear; listen toC. Hear;

38、hearD. Listen to; hear from() 21. These farmers have been to the United States.Really? When _ there?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone() 22. I m sorry I haven t got any money. I _ my handbag at home.A. have missedB. have leftC. have putD. have forgotten() 23. Where is Miss G

39、ao. Lily?-She _ to the teachers.A. has beenB. has goneC. wentD. would go() 24. When her father came back home, Joan _ with her friend.A. talkedB. talksC. is talkingD. was talking() 25. What s that thing with three legs?-It s a cup. It _ for drinking in the old days.A. usesB. usedC. is usedD. was use

40、d() 26. His uncle _ in three days.A. returnsB. has returnedC. returnedD. will return() 27. Hi, Lin Tao. I didn t see you at the party.-Oh, I _ ready for the maths exam.A. am gettingB. was gettingC. gotD. have got() 28. Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White?-I said I d better g

41、o back to the office. I _ something this afternoon.A. would meetB. meetC. am going to meetD. was meeting() 29. What _ the forest in our country in the last ten years.A. has happened do B. is happened toC. has happened atD. is happening() 30. What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?-He _ a city bus

42、 for over twenty-five years.A. is drivingB. droveC. has drivenD. drives时态练习一 . 请用正确动词形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(play) the guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) he

43、r aunt last weekend.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(read) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning?9. How _(be) Jim's weekend? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last

44、year? No. she _.11.We often_(play) in the playground.12.He _(get) up at six o clock.13. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.14.What(do) he usually(do) after school?15.Danny(study) English,Chinese,Maths at school.16. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.17. At night, she often _(watch)

45、 TV with his parents. 18._ Mike_(read) English every day?19.How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?20.What time_his mother_(do) the housework?二，单项选择。() 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to beC. is going to beD. will go to be) 2. Charlie _ here next mo

46、nth.A. isn t workingB. doesn t workingC. isn t going to workingD. won t work) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _free next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zootomorrow evening.A. wasB. is going to haveC. will haveD. is going to be() 5. _ you _ free tomorrow?No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB.Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D.Are; going to be; will be() 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my nextbirthday.A. will givesB. will giveC. givesD.