联合国国际货物销售合同公约(英文)(20210915080015)

1、联合国国际货物销售合同公约 英文unitednationsconventiononcontractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoods thestatespartiestothisconvention,bearinginmindthebroadobjectivesintheresolutionsadoptedbythesi xthspecialsessionofthegeneralassemblyoftheunitednationsonthe establishmentofanewinternationaleconomicorder,consideringthatth

2、edevelopmentofinternationaltradeonthebasisofe qualityandmutualbenefitisanimportantelementinpromotingfriendly relationsamongstates,beingoftheopinionthattheadoptionofuniformruleswhichgoverncont ractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoodsandtakeintoaccountthediffere ntsocial,economicandlegalsystemswouldcontrib

3、utetotheremovalo flegalbarriersininternationaltradeandpromotethedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,havedecreedasfollows: partisphereofapplicationandgeneralprovisions partiiformationofthecontract partiiisaleofgoodspartivfinalprovisions partisphereofapplicationandgeneralprovisions chapterisphereofapplica

4、tionarticle1(1) thisconventionappliestocontractsofsaleofgoodsbetweenparties whoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentstates:(a) whenthestatesarecontractingstates;or(b) whentherulesofprivateinternationallawleadtotheapplicationofth elawofacontractingstate.(2) thefactthatthepartieshavetheirplacesofbusinessin

5、differentstate sistobedisregardedwheneverthisfactdoesnotappeareitherfromthe contractorfromanydealingsbetween,orfrominformationdisclosedb y,thepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract.(3) neitherthenationalityofthepartiesnorthecivilorcommercialchara cterofthepartiesorofthecontractistobeta

6、kenintoconsiderationindet erminingtheapplicationofthisconvention.article2thisconventiondoesnotapplytosales:(a)ofgoodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhouseholduse,unlessthesel ler,atanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract,neitherknewn oroughttohaveknownthatthegoodswereboughtforanysuchuse;(b)byauction;(

7、c) onexecutionorotherwisebyauthorityoflaw;(d) ofstocks,shares,investmentsecurities,negotiableinstrumentsor money;(e) ofships,vessels,hovercraftoraircraft;(f) ofelectricity.article3(1) contractsforthesupplyofgoodstobemanufacturedorproducedar etobeconsideredsalesunlessthepartywhoordersthegoodsunderta

8、kestosupplyasubstantialpartofthematerialsnecessaryforsuchman ufactureorproduction.(2) thisconventiondoesnotapplytocontractsinwhichtheprepondera ntpartoftheobligationsofthepartywhofurnishesthegoodsconsistsint hesupplyoflabourorotherservices.article4 thisconventiongovernsonlytheformationofthecontracto

9、fsaleandth erightsandobligationsofthesellerandthebuyerarisingfromsuchaco ntract.inparticular,exceptasotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthisconv ention,itisnotconcernedwith:(a)thevalidityofthecontractorofanyofitsprovisionsorofanyusage;(b)theeffectwhichthecontractmayhaveonthepropertyinthegoodsso ld.article5

10、thisconventiondoesnotapplytotheliabilityofthesellerfordeathorpers onalinjurycausedbythegoodstoanyperson.article6thepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofthisconventionor,subjectto article12,derogatefromorvarytheeffectofanyofitsprovisions.chapteriigeneralprovisions article7(1)intheinterpretationofthisconv

11、ention,regardistobehadtoitsintern ationalcharacterandtotheneedtopromoteuniformityinitsapplication andtheobservanceofgoodfaithininternationaltrade.(2)questionsconcerningmattersgovernedbythisconventionwhichar enotexpresslysettledinitaretobesettledinconformitywiththegeneral principlesonwhichitisbasedor

12、,intheabsenceofsuchprinciples,incon formitywiththelawapplicablebyvirtueoftherulesofprivateinternation allaw.article8(1)forthepurposesofthisconventionstatementsmadebyandotherco nductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtohisintentwheretheoth erpartykneworcouldnothavebeenunawarewhatthatintentwas.(2)ifth

13、eprecedingparagraphisnotapplicable,statementsmadebyan dotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtotheundersta ndingthatareasonablepersonofthesamekindastheotherpartywould havehadinthesamecircumstances.(3) indeterminingtheintentofapartyortheunderstandingareasonable personwouldhavehad,dueconsider

14、ationistobegiventoallrelevantci rcumstancesofthecaseincludingthenegotiations,anypracticeswhic hthepartieshaveestablishedbetweenthemselves,usagesandanys ubsequentconductoftheparties.article9(1)thepartiesareboundbyanyusagetowhichtheyhaveagreedandby anypracticeswhichtheyhaveestablishedbetweenthemselves

15、.(2)thepartiesareconsidered,unlessotherwiseagreed,tohaveimplie dlymadeapplicabletotheircontractoritsformationausageofwhichthe partieskneworoughttohaveknownandwhichininternationaltradeisw idelyknownto,andregularlyobservedby,partiestocontractsofthetyp einvolvedintheparticulartradeconcerned.article10fo

16、rthepurposesofthisconvention:(a)ifapartyhasmorethanoneplaceofbusiness,theplaceofbusinessis thatwhichhastheclosestrelationshiptothecontractanditsperforman ce,havingregardtothecircumstancesknowntoorcontemplatedbyth epartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract;(b)ifapartydoesnothaveaplaceofbus

17、iness,referenceistobemadeto hishabitualresidence.article11acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandis notsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.itmaybeprovedbyany means,includingwitnesses.article12 anyprovisionofarticle11,article29orpartiiofthisconventionthatallow sacontractofsaleorit

18、smodificationorterminationbyagreementorany offer,acceptanceorotherindicationofintentiontobemadeinanyformo therthaninwritingdoesnotapplywhereanypartyhashisplaceofbusin essinacontractingstatewhichhasmadeadeclarationunderarticle96 ofthisconvention.thepartiesmaynotderogatefromorvarytheeffector thisartic

19、le.article13forthepurposesofthisconvention"writing"includestelegramandtele x.partiiformationofthecontractarticle14(1) aproposalforconcludingacontractaddressedtooneormorespecif icpersonsconstitutesanofferifitissufficientlydefiniteandindicatesthe intentionoftheofferortobeboundincaseofaccepta

20、nce.aproposaliss ufficientlydefiniteifitindicatesthegoodsandexpresslyorimplicitlyfixe sormakesprovisionfordeterminingthequantityandtheprice.(2) aproposalotherthanoneaddressedtooneormorespecificpersons istobeconsideredmerelyasaninvitationtomakeoffers,unlessthecon traryisclearlyindicatedbythepersonmak

21、ingtheproposal.article15(1) anofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.(2) anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,maybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalre achestheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheoffer.article16(1)untilacontractisconcludedanoffermayberevokediftherevocation reachestheoffereebeforehehasdispatchedan

22、acceptance.(2)however,anoffercannotberevoked:(a)ifitindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherw ise,thatitisirrevocable;or(b)ifitwasreasonablefortheoffereetorelyontheofferasbeingirrevoca bleandtheoffereehasactedinrelianceontheoffer.article17anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,isterminatedwhe

23、narejectionreachest heofferor.article18(1)astatementmadebyorotherconductoftheoffereeindicatingassen ttoanofferisanacceptance.silenceorinactivitydoesnotinitselfamoun ttoacceptance.(2)anacceptanceofanofferbecomeseffectiveatthemomenttheindic ationofassentreachestheofferor.anacceptanceisnoteffectiveifth

24、ein dicationofassentdoesnotreachtheofferorwithinthetimehehasfixedo r,ifnotimeisfixed,withinareasonabletime,dueaccountbeingtakenoft hecircumstancesofthetransaction,includingtherapidityofthemeans ofcommunicationemployedbytheofferor.anoraloffermustbeaccept edimmediatelyunlessthecircumstancesindicateoth

25、erwise.(3) however,if,byvirtueoftheofferorasaresultofpracticeswhichthepa rtieshaveestablishedbetweenthemselvesorofusage,theoffereema yindicateassentbyperforminganact,suchasonerelatingtothedispat chofthegoodsorpaymentoftheprice,withoutnoticetotheofferor,thea cceptanceiseffectiveatthemomenttheactisper

26、formed,providedthat theactisperformedwithintheperiodoftimelaiddownintheprecedingp aragraph.(1)areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsad ditions,limitationsorothermodificationsisarejectionoftheofferandco nstitutesacounter-offer.(2)however,areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebu

27、tco ntainsadditionalordifferenttermswhichdonotmateriallyaltertheterm softheofferconstitutesanacceptance,unlesstheofferor,withoutund uedelay,objectsorallytothediscrepancyordispatchesanoticetothat effect.ifhedoesnotsoobject,thetermsofthecontractarethetermsofth eofferwiththemodificationscontainedinthea

28、cceptance.(3) additionalordifferenttermsrelating,amongotherthings,totheprice ,payment,qualityandquantityofthegoods,placeandtimeofdelivery,e xtentofonepartysliabilitytotheotherorthesettlementofdisputesarec onsideredtoalterthetermsoftheoffermaterially.article20(1)aperiodoftimeforacceptancefixedbytheof

29、ferorinatelegramoralet terbeginstorunfromthemomentthetelegramishandedinfordispatch orfromthedateshownontheletteror,ifnosuchdateisshown,fromthed ateshownontheenvelope.aperiodoftimeforacceptancefixedbytheo fferorbytelephone,telexorothermeansofinstantaneouscommunicat ion,beginstorunfromthemomentthatthe

30、offerreachestheofferee.(2)officialholidaysornon- businessdaysoccurringduringtheperiodforacceptanceareincludedi ncalculatingtheperiod.however,ifanoticeofacceptancecannotbede liveredattheaddressoftheofferoronthelastdayoftheperiodbecauset hatdayfallsonanofficialholidayoranon- businessdayattheplaceofbus

31、inessoftheofferor,theperiodisextende duntilthefirstbusinessdaywhichfollows.article21(1)alateacceptanceisneverthelesseffectiveasanacceptanceifwitho utdelaytheofferororallysoinformstheoffereeordispatchesanoticetot hateffect.(2)ifaletterorotherwritingcontainingalateacceptanceshowsthatitha sbeensentinsu

32、chcircumstancesthatifitstransmissionhadbeennor malitwouldhavereachedtheofferorinduetime,thelateacceptanceise ffectiveasanacceptanceunless,withoutdelay,theofferororallyinfor mstheoffereethatheconsidershisofferashavinglapsedordispatches anoticetothateffect.article22anacceptancemaybewithdrawnifthewithd

33、rawalreachestheofferorb eforeoratthesametimeastheacceptancewouldhavebecomeeffectiv e.acontractisconcludedatthemomentwhenanacceptanceofanofferb ecomeseffectiveinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisconvention.article24forthepurposesofthispartoftheconvention,anoffer,declarationofacc eptanceoranyotherindic

34、ationofintention"reaches"theaddresseewh enitismadeorallytohimordeliveredbyanyothermeanstohimpersona lly,tohisplaceofbusinessormailingaddressor,ifhedoesnothaveapla ceofbusinessormailingaddress,tohishabitualresidence.partiiisaleofgoodschapterigeneralprovisionsarticle25abreachofcontractcommit

35、tedbyoneofthepartiesisfundamentalifitre sultsinsuchdetrimenttotheotherpartyassubstantiallytodeprivehimo fwhatheisentitledtoexpectunderthecontract,unlessthepartyinbreac hdidnotforeseeandareasonablepersonofthesamekindinthesameci rcumstanceswouldnothaveforeseensucharesult.article26adeclarationofavoidan

36、ceofthecontractiseffectiveonlyifmadebynoti cetotheotherparty.article27unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthispartoftheconvention,ifany notice,requestorothercommunicationisgivenormadebyapartyinac cordancewiththispartandbymeansappropriateinthecircumstances, adelayorerrorinthetransmissionofthecommunicat

37、ionoritsfailuretoa rrivedoesnotdeprivethatpartyoftherighttorelyonthecommunication.article28if,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisconvention,onepartyisentitl edtorequireperformanceofanyobligationbytheotherparty,acourtisn otboundtoenterajudgementforspecificperformanceunlessthecourt woulddosounderitsow

38、nlawinrespectofsimilarcontractsofsalenotgo vernedbythisconvention.article29(1) acontractmaybemodifiedorterminatedbythemereagreementoft heparties.(2) acontractinwritingwhichcontainsaprovisionrequiringanymodific ationorterminationbyagreementtobeinwritingmaynotbeotherwise modifiedorterminatedbyagreemen

39、t.however,apartymaybepreclud edbyhisconductfromassertingsuchaprovisiontotheextentthattheot herpartyhasreliedonthatconduct.chapteriiobligationsofthesellerarticle30thesellermustdeliverthegoods,handoveranydocumentsrelatingtot hemandtransferthepropertyinthegoods,asrequiredbythecontracta ndthisconvention

40、.sectioni.deliveryofthegoodsandhandingoverofdocumentsarticle31ifthesellerisnotboundtodeliverthegoodsatanyotherparticularplace, hisobligationtodeliverconsists:(a) ifthecontractofsaleinvolvescarriageofthegoods- inhandingthegoodsovertothefirstcarrierfortransmissiontothebuyer;(b) if,incasesnotwithinthep

41、recedingsubparagraph,thecontractrelat estospecificgoods,orunidentifiedgoodstobedrawnfromaspecificst ockortobemanufacturedorproduced,andatthetimeoftheconclusion ofthecontractthepartiesknewthatthegoodswereat,orweretobeman ufacturedorproducedat,aparticularplace- inplacingthegoodsatthebuyersdisposalatth

42、atplace;(c) inothercases- inplacingthegoodsatthebuyersdisposalattheplacewherethesellerh adhisplaceofbusinessatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontract.article32(1) iftheseller,inaccordancewiththecontractorthisconvention,hands thegoodsovertoacarrierandifthegoodsarenotclearlyidentifiedtothe contractbymarki

43、ngsonthegoods,byshippingdocumentsorotherwis e,thesellermustgivethebuyernoticeoftheconsignmentspecifyingth egoods.(2) ifthesellerisboundtoarrangeforcarriageofthegoods,hemustmak esuchcontractsasarenecessaryforcarriagetotheplacefixedbymea nsoftransportationappropriateinthecircumstancesandaccordingtot h

44、eusualtermsforsuchtransportation.(3) ifthesellerisnotboundtoeffectinsuranceinrespectofthecarriageof thegoods,hemust,atthebuyersrequest,providehimwithallavailablei nformationnecessarytoenablehimtoeffectsuchinsurance.article33thesellermustdeliverthegoods:(a) ifadateisfixedbyordeterminablefromthecontra

45、ct,onthatdate;(b) ifaperiodoftimeisfixedbyordeterminablefromthecontract,atanyti mewithinthatperiodunlesscircumstancesindicatethatthebuyeristoc hooseadate;or(c) inanyothercase,withinareasonabletimeaftertheconclusionofthe contract.article34ifthesellerisboundtohandoverdocumentsrelatingtothegoods,hemu s

46、thandthemoveratthetimeandplaceandintheformrequiredbytheco ntract.ifthesellerhashandedoverdocumentsbeforethattime,hemay, uptothattime,cureanylackofconformityinthedocuments,iftheexerci seofthisrightdoesnotcausethebuyerunreasonableinconvenienceo runreasonableexpense.however,thebuyerretainsanyrighttocla

47、imd amagesasprovidedforinthisconvention.sectionii.conformityofthegoodsandthirdpartyclaimsarticle35(1) thesellermustdelivergoodswhichareofthequantity,qualityandde scriptionrequiredbythecontractandwhicharecontainedorpackaged inthemannerrequiredbythecontract.(2) exceptwherethepartieshaveagreedotherwise

48、,thegoodsdonotco nformwiththecontractunlessthey:(a) arefitforthepurposesforwhichgoodsofthesamedescriptionwould ordinarilybeused;(b) arefitforanyparticularpurposeexpresslyorimpliedlymadeknownt otheselleratthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontract,exceptwherethe circumstancesshowthatthebuyerdidnotrely,ortha

49、titwasunreasona bleforhimtorely,onthesellersskillandjudgement;(c) possessthequalitiesofgoodswhichthesellerhasheldouttothebuy erasasampleormodel;(d) arecontainedorpackagedinthemannerusualforsuchgoodsor,wh erethereisnosuchmanner,inamanneradequatetopreserveandprot ectthegoods.(3) thesellerisnotliableun

50、dersubparagraphs(a)to(d)ofthepreceding paragraphforanylackofconformityofthegoodsifatthetimeoftheconcl usionofthecontractthebuyerkneworcouldnothavebeenunawareofs uchlackofconformity.(1)thesellerisliableinaccordancewiththecontractandthisconvention foranylackofconformitywhichexistsatthetimewhentheriskp

51、assesto thebuyer,eventhoughthelackofconformitybecomesapparentonlyaf terthattime.(2)thesellerisalsoliableforanylackofconformitywhichoccursafterthe timeindicatedintheprecedingparagraphandwhichisduetoabreacho fanyofhisobligations,includingabreachofanyguaranteethatforaperi odoftimethegoodswillremainfitf

52、ortheirordinarypurposeorforsomep articularpurposeorwillretainspecifiedqualitiesorcharacteristics.article37ifthesellerhasdeliveredgoodsbeforethedatefordelivery,hemay,upt othatdate,deliveranymissingpartormakeupanydeficiencyinthequa ntityofthegoodsdelivered,ordelivergoodsinreplacementofanynon- conformi

53、nggoodsdeliveredorremedyanylackofconformityinthegoo dsdelivered,providedthattheexerciseofthisrightdoesnotcausetheb uyerunreasonableinconvenienceorunreasonableexpense.howev er,thebuyerretainsanyrighttoclaimdamagesasprovidedforinthisco nvention.article38(1)thebuyermustexaminethegoods,orcausethemtobeex

54、amined,wi thinasshortaperiodasispracticableinthecircumstances.(2)ifthecontractinvolvescarriageofthegoods,examinationmaybede ferreduntilafterthegoodshavearrivedattheirdestination.(3) ifthegoodsareredirectedintransitorredispatchedbythebuyerwith outareasonableopportunityforexaminationbyhimandatthetimeo

55、fth econclusionofthecontractthesellerkneworoughttohaveknownofthe possibilityofsuchredirectionorredispatch,examinationmaybedeferr eduntilafterthegoodshavearrivedatthenewdestination.(1) thebuyerlosestherighttorelyonalackofconformityofthegoodsifhe doesnotgivenoticetothesellerspecifyingthenatureofthelac

56、kofconfo rmitywithinareasonabletimeafterhehasdiscovereditoroughttohave discoveredit.(2) inanyevent,thebuyerlosestherighttorelyonalackofconformityoft hegoodsifhedoesnotgivethesellernoticethereofatthelatestwithinap eriodoftwoyearsfromthedateonwhichthegoodswereactuallyhande dovertothebuyer,unlessthisti

57、me- limitisinconsistentwithacontractualperiodofguarantee.article40thesellerisnotentitledtorelyontheprovisionsofarticles38and39ifthel ackofconformityrelatestofactsofwhichhekneworcouldnothavebee nunawareandwhichhedidnotdisclosetothebuyer.thesellermustdelivergoodswhicharefreefromanyrightorclaimofathi r

58、dparty,unlessthebuyeragreedtotakethegoodssubjecttothatrightor claim.however,ifsuchrightorclaimisbasedonindustrialpropertyorot herintellectualproperty,thesellersobligationisgovernedbyarticle42.article42(1) thesellermustdelivergoodswhicharefreefromanyrightorclaimofa thirdpartybasedonindustrialproperty

59、orotherintellectualproperty,of whichatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthesellerkneworcould nothavebeenunaware,providedthattherightorclaimisbasedonindu strialpropertyorotherintellectualproperty:(a)underthelawofthestatewherethegoodswillberesoldorotherwise used,ifitwascontemplatedbythepartiesatthetimeoftheconclusionof thec