INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY SEMINARsu：创新和创造力seminarsu

1、INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY SEMINAROUTLINE OF TOPICS1. Context for Problem SolvingSystems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Methodology i. What is the Structured Systems Development Life Cycle?ii. Original Lifecycle ConceptualizationFive Distinct Phasesiii. Modern Lifecycle ConceptualizationFive Merged Ph

2、asesl Algorithmic vs. Heuristic2. Using the SDLC as a Model for Creative Problem Solvingi. Creative Problem Solvingii. A Heuristic Approach3. Innovation and Creativityi. What is Innovation?ii. What is Creativity?iii. Characteristics of Creative Problem Solvingiv. Divergent and Convergent ThinkingCon

3、text for Problem SolvingSystems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Methodology What is the Structured Systems Development Life Cycle?Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured, scientific process (models and methodologies) for creating or altering systems.SDLC was initially developed in the fi

4、elds of computer information systems or information engineering. The concept generally refers to the development of computer or information systems, but can have a much broader application for problem solving of all kinds.Characteristics of SDLCl Deliberate, structured, methodical processl Formal an

5、d logical processl Structured steps that follow a defined sequencel Output for each stage becomes the input for the subsequent stageOriginal Lifecycle ConceptualizationDistinct Phases Systems Development PhasesThe Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) has 5 basic phases or stages:1. Analysis2. Desig

6、n3. Development 4. Testing5. ImplementationTHE FIVE BASIC STAGES OF THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLEOriginally, (1970s) these stages of the development cycle were conceptualized as five distinct stages.Project StartProject EndSTAGE 1STAGE 2STAGE 3STAGE 4STAGE 5ANALYSISDESIGNDEVELOPMENTTESTING IMPLE

7、MENTATIONThe basic tasks or activities that occurred in each stage are outlined on the next page.THE FIVE BASIC STAGES OF THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLEASSOCIATED TASKS AND ACTIVITIESProject StartProject EndSTAGE 1STAGE 2STAGE 3STAGE 4STAGE 5ANALYSISDESIGNDEVELOPMENTTESTINGIMPLEMENTATION§ Pr

8、oject need is identified§ Resources identified for analysis§ Situation analysis is performed§ Analysis describes in detail the current situation: processes, policies, procedures§ Defines the problems with the current situation:§ Why is it a problem? Who does it affect? What

9、is the effect? How does it affect them? How much does it affect them? How often does it affect them? § Project parameters, scope and boundaries are established§ Project plan with resource allocation and timelines is established§ Management signs off to go to next stage§ Identifie

10、s new needs and new requirements§ New needs are identified§ Identifies and documents new processes, policies and procedures§ Documents in detail the solutions to the problems with the current situation§ Management signs off to go to next stage §§ Converts the design spe

11、cifications into a new system§ Purchases and installs new hardware and software required§ Trains users on new system§ Management signs off to go to next stage§ Installs new system§ Tests new system to ensure that it meets the requirements sign-off by management in previous s

12、tage§ Management signs off to go to next stage§ Implements the new system§ Management signs off that project is complete Of course, this is a very simplistic, linear and algorithmic model of a very complex, non-linear and heuristic process.Modern SDLC Lifecycle ConceptualizationMerged

13、 Phases More recently, the five stages of the SDLC have been re-conceptualized to be less linear.DESIGNANALYSISIMPLEMENTATIONDEVELOPMENTTESTINGModern SDLC Lifecycle ConceptualizationMerged PhasesANALYSISDESIGNDEVELOPMENTTESTINGIMPLEMENTATIONHIGH HEURISTIC = LOW ALGORITHMICLOW HEURISTIC = HIGH ALGORI

14、THMICMERGED PHASES§ Phases merge into each other§ There is no discreet end of one phase and beginning of the next phase§ The phase interfaces are the most complex parts of the projectModern SDLC Lifecycle ConceptualizationMerged Phases ALGORITHMIC APPROACH(Lower Creativity)§ Task

15、s are primarily a linear series of steps§ The order, sequence and progression is often clear§ Sometimes the order and sequence are stipulated§ Little room for exploration of alternatives§ Very well defined stepsHeuristicHEURISTIC APPROACH(Higher Creativity)§ Many possibiliti

16、es must be explored§ Tasks are primarily non-linear and many iterations can occur§ The order, sequence and progression is not clear§ Rarely is the order or sequence stipulated§ Exploration of alternatives is critical to the success of the projectDESIGNANALYSISIMPLEMENTATIONDEVELO

17、PMENTTESTINGUsing the SDLC as a Model for Creative Problem SolvingOf the 5 basic stages of the System Development Life Cycle, the Analysis and Design Stages are the most difficult and the most complexthey require the most heuristic approach!ANALYSIS STAGE§ Describes current situation: processes

18、, policies, procedures§ Defines the problems with the current situation:DESIGN STAGE§ Identifies new needs, requirements, processes, policies and procedures§ Documents in detail the solutions to the problems with the current situationCREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVINGA HEURISTIC APPROACHThe ana

19、lysis and design stage of problem solving are the most critical:§ The current situation must be thoroughly analyzed from multiple perspectives before the problem can be properly identified.§ The problem with the current situation must be explored and examined from as many perspectives as p

20、ossible before THE REAL PROBLEM is identified.§ Many possibilities must be explored before a SOLUTION is identified.§ Exploration of alternatives is critical to the success of the project.§ Move from known solutions to unknown solutions§ Requires a high tolerance for ambiguity an

21、d uncertainty because some alternatives may lead to dead-ends.The more creatively that a problem is analyzed, the more creative will be the solution!INNOVATION AND CREATIVITYWhat is Creativity?Creativity can be defined as producing work or generating ideas that are new and unique. Ultimately, a crea

22、tive idea must be a new way of looking at something.Creativity is the skill to create new and useful ideas as a reaction to challenges, problems or needs. Creativity usually is a new combination of known knowledge. What is Innovation?Innovation is the practical application of creativity into somethi

23、ng that has an impact, such as a business practice or procedure.Characteristics of Creative Problem SolvingCreative problem solvers in a business environment must be both creative and innovative. Some key characteristics include the following:· Ability to look at or perceive a situation in a ne

24、w way and from multiple perspectives.· Ability to shed preconceived notions or ideas, and to suspend judgment of wild or crazy ideas.· Ability to change the way you analyze a situation.· Ability to understand complexities. For example, something may be not all good or all bad, but mix

25、ed.· Ability to tolerate ambiguity: that is, to not be disturbed by a great deal of unknowns.· Ability to use a heuristic approacha variety of trial-and-error methodswhile exploring multiple angles of a problem and multiple possibilities for a solution.· Willing to continually re-defi

26、ne the problemthis can be maddening for some peoplewhich means that you have to continually re-define the solution.· Ability to think holistically and systemically across multiple domainsthat is, the ability to connect the dots.· Ability to see the “big picture” and connect it all the way down to the small picture, from the so-called 3