2019高考英语一轮基础练Unit11TheMedia(含解析)北师大版必修4

1、Unit 11 The Media李仕才I阅读理解AYou use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot（虚拟聊天机器人） .Xiaoice, Microsoft s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly release d in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015,where she became a big h

2、it. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The NewYork Timesreported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations withXiaoice. Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice, LiuJinchang,

3、a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology,told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis （表情符号） in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.Chatb

4、ot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they a re becoming smarterand more common. For instance, IBM s latestartificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia sDeakin University, answering students questions about course schedu

5、les andfinancial aid. Apple s Siri and Amazon s Alexa have been used as voice assistantswho can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Timespointed out. However, it may ta

6、ke decades before scientists develop a Samantha , the advanced chatbot seen in thefiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Manyviewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.1.What does the underlined pa

7、rt in Paragraph 2 mean?A. She became a best seller.2智能手机之外，也起居室等地，B. She became very powerful.C. She became a money maker.D. She became very popular.2.Which of the follow ing can Xiaoice do?A. Do housework.B. Spread messages.C. Ide ntify various photos.D. Read n ews to its users.3.Which company s ch

8、atbot program can act as an academic consultant?A. Microsoft.B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amaz on.4.What can be lear ned from the last paragraph?A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon.B. Chatbots mainly run on smartph ones now.C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.D. The film Her doesn t interes

9、t many audienee.【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况。IBM 的人工智能程序能成为顾问，但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上，人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。1.D【解析】 推理判断题。根据 she becamea big hit. Millio ns of you ng Chi nese now excha ngemessages with her daily 可知，她在微信上大受欢迎，很多中国人都喜欢与她聊天，故选 Do2-C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中 to& identify photos and send可知，她有能力分辨黑片和发送表情符

10、号，故选 V3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中IBM s latest artificial intelligence programconsultant 可知，IBM 的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问,故选 Bo列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎,served as an academic4.B【解These programs are expected to move bey ondsmartph on es,intotelevisi ons, cars and liv ingrooms,可知，人们期待这些程序除了3（2017 广东五校第一次联考）ln many countries,hea

11、rt disease kills a lot of womenand even more men.There are four major causes of this disease and these are smoking, poor or bad diet,a family history of heart disease andstressful work.Among thesemain wrongdoers, the most common cause is stress.What is stress and how do you feel when you are under s

12、tress? lmagine you live alone you arelying in bed at night and, suddenly, you hear someone in the kitchen.lmmediately your heart begins tobeat very fast and you feel that you can hardly breathe.What you are feeling is not stress, butfear.However, your body changes in the same way when you feel stres

13、s.That means that if you feelanxious and worried during an important examination, your heart maybeat very fast and youmay feel breathless too.You are experiencing stress.Another common situation in which a person islikely to feel stress is to have to do something, for example, performing a boring du

14、ty, every day.Let us look at the case of Annie who was a nurse.She felt a lot of stress in her work and began tohave very bad headaches at the end of the day.Each morning she woke up more tired than she waswhen she went to sleep.She did not want to go out in the evening with her friends and she felt

15、 unhappyall the time.Finally, she sat down and thought about her life.She saw alot of illness anddeath in her work but that was not the reason why she was under stress.The real reason was that she feltunable to make a positive decision in her job she hadto do what the doctors and sisters told her.So

16、, Annie went back to college for further study.When she graduated, she found a job where shewas part of a team as before, but where she had responsibility in making decisions.Her working hourswere longer and her work was more difficult than when she was a nurse but she enjoyed it.She felt shewas in

17、control of her life and her work.For Annie, stress in her old job had made her change her life andend a difficult situation.Stress in her new job became a good thing because it helped her achievesatisfaction in her life and in her work.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了压力是引发心脏病的最常见的原因， 并解释了什么才是 压力。1. Feeling _is one fo

18、rm of stress.BaloneAtired4D breathlessC 解析： 细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“ That means that if you feel anxious andworried during an important examination, your heart maybeat very fast and you mayfeel breathless too.You are experiencing stress. ”可知，感到忧虑是压力的一种表现 形式，即 C 项正确。2._ According to the passage,die of heart d

19、isease.A most menB more men than womenC more women than menD most womenB 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ In many countries, heart disease kills a lot of women andeven more men. ” 可知，死于心脏病的男性比女性多，即B 项正确。3. WhenAnnie was a nurse, she felt no real _in her life.to make a positive decision in her job ”和第五段中的“ she was

20、part of a team as before, but whereshe had responsibility in making decisions” 可推知，这两份工作的主要区别在做决定方面，即 D 项正确。CIt has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot ofsugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past stu

21、dies theyfound that, while heavy drinkers do put onC anxiousin her work orA unhappinessB breakdownCexcitementD responsibilityD 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ Thereal reason was that she feltunableto make a positive decision in her job ”和第五段中的“ she was part of a team as before,but where she had responsibility in

22、making decisions不能做决定，所以她感受不到责任，即D 项正确。4.What is one major difference between Annie”可推知，做护士时 Annie 自己 s newjob and her old one?A It includes teamwork.B It demands higher qualifications.C It ensures satisfaction.D It involves decision-making.D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ Thereal reason was that she felt unable

23、5weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.A spokesma n for the research team at Navarro Un iversity in Spa in says, Light tomoderate alcohol in take, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect aga in st,rather than promote, weight gain. The International Scientific Forum

24、 on Alcohol research reviewed the findingsand agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly in dicate if moderate drinking in creasesweight.Bost on Un iversity s Dr . Harvey Fi nkel found that the biologic mecha ni sms(生物学机制)relatingalcoholto changes in body weight are n

25、ot properly understood. His teampointed out the strongprotective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of gettingcon diti ons like diabetes(糖尿病),which relate to increasing obesity. Some studiessuggest that even veryobese people maybe at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderatedrin kers.The gro

26、up says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that thisprocess could expla in the differe nces in itseffects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assess ing the roles ofdiffere nt types of alc

27、oholic drin ks, tak ing into con siderati on drinking patter ns and in cludi ng the past tendency ofparticipa nts to gai n weight.For now there is little evidenee that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis in creases one srisk of beco ming obese. What s more, a study thre

28、e years ago suggested that resveratrol, a compo und prese nt in grapesand red wine destroys fat cells.I._The passage is mainly for those.A. who produce wineB. who have a drinking habitC. who go on a dietD. who are eager to lose weight2.The un derli ned phrase_ in moderati on inthe first paragraph me

29、ansA. excitedlyB. carefullyC. freque ntlyD. properly63. What can we lear n from the passage?A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking in creases weight.B. Resveratrol is proved to in crease the risk of beco ming fat.C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.D.

30、The specific roles of differe nt types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. How to do some easy experime nts.B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.C. How to prove the finding men ti oned above.D. How to make wine in a he

31、althy way.【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥。1.B【解析】推理判断题。文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系。所以说是写给有喝酒习惯的人的，故选Bo2.D【解析】猜测词义题。与上句形成对比，此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation 适度与 D项同义，故选 Do3.C解折细节理解题 丰SIS第二段dau do not叹孔：丫indicate if moderate dritiking increases饕eig虹可东lb A错误； 根据最后a study呼thai acompound present in grapes and

32、red wine齟桶Es可东h B错i吴；根据第三段His team pointed out e strong protective effecnofmoder ate drinking cm The risk of gemn cnndjrions like也ab上（稱尿病which reJate to mcreasing obe瓷ty.弓 知,C正确j根据倒数第二段ftare research should b? directed towards assessmg the ro.es of differenttypes of alcoholic drinks可知，D错逞。故选G4.C【解析】

33、推理判断题。文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点，故选 CoD7The following simple exercise routine works as 处方药）without sideeffects.A jog a day could keep your headaches at bay: regular cardio workouts（有氧锻炼）may prevent migraines（偏头痛）,a growing body of research suggests.Migrai ne patie nts had fewer headaches afte

34、r doing 40-mi nute cycli ng workouts three times aweek for three mon ths, accord ing to a Swedish study.The exercise routine worked just as wel l as one of the top migraine-preventing drugs topamirate but without side effects of depression and tremors（颤抖）.“Cardio workouts can help with regular heada

35、ches, too , ” says Alexander Mauskop, M D.,director of the New York Headache Center in Manhattan.There are a couple of theories on how it works.“Breaking a sweat may relieve stress ，” says Dr.Mauskop.Headaches are often triggered bystress, and if you remove the trigger, you release the pain.The feel

36、-good chemicals produced whe n you exercise actually block your painsen sors, act ing as a n atural pain killer.Since headaches can be caused by many differe nt factors like gen etics（遗传）,lack of sleep, or certain foods, the cardio workout won t be the solution forevery one, Dr.Mauskop says.But one

37、Germa n study found that it helped 65 perce nt of patie nts, whichmade it as effective as the best medici nes on the market.Dr.Mauskop recomme nds his patie nts do a half-hour reas on able inten sity（强度 ）cardio workout, like jogging,biking,or swimming three times a week.These workoutsare meant to be

38、 slow and steady, as opposed to high-i nten sity in tervals that alter nate betwee n all-outruns and rest.Pushing yourself too much or increasing the intensity too quickly can trigger headaches in somepeople, so makesure your heart rate doesn t jump above 150 BPM.If you don t have a heart ratemonito

39、r, then breathe only through your nose.You llknow you re going too hard if you can t keep up that breathing pattern.Your migraines could start disappearing in a couple of weeks, Dr.Mauskop says.（2017 东北三省四市模拟）well as prescription medication（8【解题导语】本文是一篇研究报告。研究人员发现，有氧锻炼也许能治疗偏头痛。1. According to the pa

40、ssage, the author may agree that_A.jogging, swimming and fishing are cardio workoutsB. neither cardio workouts nor topamirate has side effectsC. migraine patients may be cured by regular cardio workoutsD. cardio workouts will be the soluti on for every one with migrai nesC 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的Dr.Mausk

41、op recommends his patientsdoa half-hour reason able inten sity（强度 ）cardio workout, like joggi ng, bik ing, orswimming three times a w eek. ”可知，A 项错误；根据第二、四段的内容可知，B 项错误，C 项正确；根据倒数第四段中的“ the cardio workout wont be the solution foreveryone ”可知， D 项错误。2 The underlined word “triggered ” in Paragraph 7 ca

42、n be replaced bya”AcuredBreleasedCcausedDmonitoredC 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文的“ Breaking a sweat may relieve stress ”和画线词后的“ by stress ”可知，头疼往往是由压力引起的。由此可知画线词意为“引起”。故选 C。3The feel-good chemicals produced can help regular headaches because _ Athey ease stressBthey help break a sweatCthey prevent migrainesDthey b

43、lock your pain sensorsD 解析：细节理解题。根据第八段中的“ The feel-good chemicals produced when youexercise actually block your pain sensors4What would be the best title?AA Cure for HeadachesBSide Effects of MigrainesCThe Causes of HeadachesDAdvantages of Cardio WorkoutsA 解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了治疗偏头痛的好办法进行有氧运动。故选A。n七选五（2017

44、 河北三市高三第二次联考）What is happ in ess? When you can feelinner peace and satisfaction, you are happy.1._ This usually happens when we do something可知，选D。9we love or achieve something that we value.It is our opinions thatmake us feel happy or unhappy.All of us constantly go through various situationsor cond

45、itions, but we do not have to let them influence our reactions and feelings.2.Try hard to make a change of the way you look at things.3._ Thatmeans looking at the good and positive side of every situation.Pay attention to solutions, notproblems.Listen to relaxing and uplifting music.Watch funny and

46、interesting programs that make youlaugh.what you have done and not at what you haven t done.Look at what youcan do, not at what you cannot do.Each day do at least one act to makeothers happy.Whe n you make some on ehappy, you ll become happy, and the n people willtry to make you happy.4._ Onthe cont

47、rary, behappy for theirhapp in ess.Com muni cate withhappy people and try tolear nfrom themto behappy.Remember, do your best to stay detached（冷静的）when things do not occur asinten ded and desired.Detachme nt has much to do with inner peace.5._A. I ve never regretted it.B. Always look at the bright si

48、de.C. Do not envy people who are happy.D.Stop ask ing for every one s approval.E. Inner peace can lead to happ in ess, so smile more ofte n.F. Here are a few tips for in creas ing happ in ess in daily life.G. It is usually experieneed at a special moment.【解题导语】1. G 解析：本文就如何提咼幸福感提出了几条建议。由空后一 句可知，幸福感总

49、是在我们做我们喜欢做的事情或者得到我们重视的东西时出现;据此可知，G 项“在特定的时刻通常会体验到幸福感”引出下文，故G项正确。2. F 解析：根据下文内容可知，下面两段阐述的是提咼幸福感的建议，所以选F 项，F 项起承上启下的作用。3. B 解析：根据空后-句 That means looking at t he good and positiveside ofevery situati on.”可知，选B 项“要看到事物光明的一面”。4. C 解析：根据空后 一句 On the con trary, be happy for their happ in ess.可知，空处的意思与be ha

50、ppy for theirhapp in ess ”相反，故空处选 C 项不要嫉妒幸福的人”。5.E 解析：根据空前一句Detachment has much to do with inner peace. ” 可知,冷静地面对事情和内心的平静有很大关系，据此可以判断，空处阐述的是内心的平静和幸福的关系，故 E 项正确。Always look at10川、七选五The Science of Risk-Seek ingSometimes we decide that a little unn ecessary dan ger is worth it because whe nwe weigh t

51、he risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.1 Some of us enjoyactivities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how ourbrains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takerswere better at hun t

52、i ng, fighti ng, or explori ng.2 As the qualityof risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adve ntureand a tolera nee for risk.So why aren t we all jumping out of airplanesthen? Well, even 200,000 yearsago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring persons survived, though, along