宿迁市2018届高三第一次试题英语试卷(含答案)

1、宿迁市 2018 届高三第一次质量监测英语试题第 i 卷 （三部分，共 85 分）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1 分，满分 15 分）从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21. when he was depressed, he felt thoroughly _ from reality, unwilling to interact with the surrounding world. a. dynamic b. deliberate c. divorced d. delicate 脱离，隔绝，离婚22. oxidat

2、ion is a process _ a material or substance is changed after being exposed to oxygen and water in the air. a. where b. that c. what d. when 抽象的地点，定语从句23. in 1921, ireland split off from britain to form an independent country, and the irish _ a new flag for the old one. a. replaced b. substituted c. r

3、esigned d. submitted 替换，如果选replace ,应该是 replace a with b =substitute b for a 24. many students choose to do voluntary work in the gap year, which not only broadens their views, but also adds a whole new _ to their life. a. inspiration b. reaction c. ambition d. dimension 维度方面25. _ himself to being h

4、ired out to feed pigs, the young man realized that he had been a fool and then went home. a. having reduced b. reduced c. having been reduced d. being reduced be reduced to =reduce one self 所以要用主动26. in south-east asia, many farmers cannot afford _ farm equipment, such as tractors, so most of the wo

5、rk is done with human labor. a. clumsy b. compulsory c. concrete d. conventional 传统的农具27. we won t continue the project until some thorough research _. a. will have been done b. has been done c. will be done d. had been done 主将从先28. on account of the high interest rates, the developing country is al

6、ways struggling to _ its debt repayment, which weakens its development. a. catch on to b. catch on c. catch up on d. catch up 弥补， catch on to 是理解29. one of the true tests of leadership is the ability to recognize a problem _ it becomes an emergency. a. when b. before c. after d. unless 在出事之前30. the

7、new job is not a promotion _, but it can ensure you a bright future. a. as such b. such as c. as yet d. as well 严格来说不是升职31. _ being asked to pay for their study by their own, students are now having their fees paid by the state or by companies. a. other than b. rather than c. less than d. more than

8、而不是32. it s worth noting the fact _ american children start saving early is likely more the result of their backgrounds than it is a sign of any special abilities that would lead to wealth. a. where b. whose c. which d. that 同位语从句33. bolt, 31, _ his final race in london on aug 14, trying to get the

9、gold medal for his country, when he tripped over. a. has run b. ran c. is running d. was running 那时正在跑，忽然就绊倒了34. recently, a group of scientists worked together to successfully “ edit ” a human embryo and remove a genetic mutation ( 变异 ) that _ heart disease otherwise. a. had led to b. would lead to

10、 c. would have led to d. led to 虚拟语气，从worked 判断是过去，otherwise 是含蓄条件句，主句用would have led to 35. _. if you want to produce the best work, you need to take in the best ideas. a. garbage in, garbage out b. pride hurts, modesty benefits c. well begun is half done d. behind bad luck comes good luck 错进错出，所以要

11、采纳好的想法第二节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1 分，满分20 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。in late december, i went for a hike with my two daughters. and by hike i 36 we walked, climbed and slid for five hours 37 a thick, wet mountainous patch of costa rican jungle to get to what 38 to be a splendid waterfall. my daughte

12、rs are active and strong. and i thought i was too. but it became pretty 39 as we went on that while we were all falling and 40 with mud, laughing at the absurdity of it all, they got up more quickly and 41 our guide more easily. i was always the slowest and the 42 . they d wait for me if i got too f

13、ar 43 , watching as i picked my way toward them. it 44 me of the first glimpses i had of my mom as someone weaker than i, like when she started to get out of breath walking across parking lots. it s a slow 45 that happens gradually over decades, until one day you re your mother s mother making sure

14、she eats dinner. when the girls and i finally got to that waterfall, it was indeed 46 : a 40-feet wall of water crashing down with such energy that we had to 47 above the noise. we took off a few wet layers of clothing and jumped into the deep pool at the base. it was 48 , not because of coolness of

15、 the water, but because of the force of the 49 . for a while we tried, the three of us kicking 50 , to see who could move a foot closer only to be driven back into the pack again. then the youngest of us 51 how to navigate the sharp rock walls around the edges where the water was 52 and almost made

16、it to the base of the falls. we 53 up our stuff, arguing over who would return with the heaviest pack. i did not get a pass due to 54 . hadn t they seen me struggling back there?of course, that s what every generation hopes for the next that they ll be able to take care of each other 55 you, that wh

17、en you slow down, they ll have each other.36. a. thought b. meant 指的是c. believed d. guessed 37. a. across b. beneath c. through 后面是jungle d. under 38. a. tended b. expected c. promised 有希望，很可能d. intended 39. a. controversial b. obvious 明显（体力不如女儿）c. impressive d. understandable 40. a. filled b. accom

18、panied c. packed d. covered 全身是泥41. a. kept up with 赶上b. put up with c. faced up with d. stood up with 42. a. sweatiest 我混身是汗b. coldest c. strongest d. finest 43. a. apart b. ahead c. back 落后d. out 44. a. informed b. reminded 和 of 搭配c. suspected d. accused 45. a. pace b. progress c. development d. s

19、hift 转变46. a. splendid 壮观b. disappointing c. peaceful d. fragile 47. a. quarrel b. scream c. speak d. shout 大叫48. a. painful b. annoying c. shocking 震撼的d. artificial 49. a. wind b. current 激流c. nature d. river 50. a. wildly 用力蹬腿游b. deliberately c. abruptly d. aimlessly 51. a. fell out b. turned out

20、c. checked out d. figured out 搞清52. a. rougher b. calmer 岩石墙边这边的水不太急c. tougher d. deeper 53. a. gathered 集中b. put c. lifted d. fixed 54. a. competence b. age 我年纪大了，不中用了c. height d. size 55. a. besides b. except c. including d. without 没我她们也行，第三部分阅读理解（共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。a

21、56. according to the passage, we are supposed to _. a. try our best to reply to e-mails as soon as possible b. avoid some annoying practices while e-mailing c. delete improper expressions and patterns in e-mails d. highlight our messages by using the techniques mentioned 57. what can we learn from t

22、he passage? a. we can fill the subject line with hey rather than leave it blank. b. times new roman is so old-fashioned that we should change it. c. signing names, we can include name, title, social network links, etc. d. when we offer congratulations to others, using caps is acceptable. 58. the und

23、erlined phrase “ cry wolf ” means “ _ ”. a. give a false alarm b. mark a wrong punctuation c. have evil intentions d. express your sorrow b what do you do when somebody hurts you? do you want to hurt that person back, or do you hold it against them for the rest of your life? if you answered “ yes ”

24、to these questions, know that you are like most people. to forgive is something that most people generally have difficulty with. people don t forgive readily, because it is easier to hate than to forgive. some people think to forgive is a sign of weakness, but actually to forgive takes courage and e

25、ffort. forgiveness is a gift from a generous heart. it is not a reward for good behavior. it is not based on whether the person deserves it or whether the person has asked for it. besides, forgiveness is an act and a process, which often takes time. the deeper your pain, the longer it usually takes

26、to completely forgive. it is an act because it is not just the words you say, but also your actions which show if you ve truly forgiven someone.forgiveness is necessary because it releases you from the burden of bitterness and hate. it takes a lot of energy to hate and to keep that hate in place. ha

27、te puts unnecessary stress on your body. it is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness and hate can actually make you sick. the moment that affected people forgive and let go of their hate, they will start to get well. forgiveness brings freedom, whereas revenge ( 报复 ) is neit

28、her sweet nor satisfying. i have personal experience of this. i used to be very cynical about life and didn t forgive easily. at the time, i also stru ggled in every area of my life. things just didn t seem to work out for me. it is as if everything that could go wrong, always went wrong. that was u

29、ntil somebody told me to take a look at my attitude. and when i forgave those who wronged me and changed my attitude, everything else changed. it didn t happen overnight. it took a while, but i could see and feel the difference. are things not working out in your life, despite you doing all the “ ri

30、ght” things? is it possible that you are holding “ unforgiveness”in your heart? it is worth thinking about. by leonard j. roost 59. why is it hard for people to forgive? a. forgiveness means not giving in. b. forgiveness depends on good behavior. c. forgiveness needs good will from both sides. d. fo

31、rgiveness requires courage and generosity. 看 ,第二段but actually to forgive takes courage and effort. 第三段 forgiveness is a gift from a generous heart. 60. what can we conclude from the text? a. hate may actually cause illness. b. revenge helps to reduce the hate in your heart. c. when you feel sick, it

32、 makes it difficult to hate. d. hate goes away when you say you will forgive. 看第五段 . hate puts unnecessary stress on your body. it is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness and hate can actually make you sick. 仇恨的压力会让你生病61. which of the following shows the development of idea

33、s in the passage? a. b. c. d. i: introduction p: point sp: sub-point (次要点 ) c: conclusion 看第四段开头有besides,说明有两个并列段是3 和 4(三 sp2 sp3)。 。而第二段就是说人们是不会轻易原谅别人的。这是p1 后面之 p2forgiveness is necessary原谅是必须的c some mice can easily remember where they hide food, but not those genetically engineered to develop alzh

34、eimer s disease. like humans they become forgetful. by the time these mice are seven months old they are unable to remember, for example, which part of a maze they have explored before. two months later, their brains are filled with protein “ plaques ” that also characterise the latter stage of the

35、disease in humans. now researchers have managed to restore memories to mice with alzheimer s. this helps provide more evidence about how memories are lost during the early stages of the disease and may point to how, some time in the future, those memories might be brought back. susumu tonegawa and h

36、is colleagues at the massachusetts institute of technology used a technique known as optogenetics, which activates neurons (神经元 ) by shining light on them. as they report in nature, the researchers prepared seven-month-old alz heimer s mice by injecting a harmless virus into the rodents dentate gyru

37、s (齿状回区 ), a part of the hippocampus that helps to store fearful memories. the virus contains a gene for channelrhodopsin-2, a light-sensitive protein which forms pores (毛孔 ) in the cell membranes of neurons infected with the virus. these pores are closed in the dark, but open in response to blue li

38、ght, flooding neurons with positively charged ions. the resulting pulse of current makes the neurons fire. using a standard lab test of memory, a mouse was placed in a box and given a small electrical shock to its feet. normal mice remember this and freeze in fear if put back in the box the followin

39、g day, but mice with alzheimer s jump about as usual. yet when the researchers stimulated ( 刺激 ) the dentate gyrus of these mice with blue light, they also froze, suggesting that they were now able to recall the original shock. holding on to a fearful memory in the long term, however, requires the b

40、rain to strengthen the nerve connections that link memory of the box to experience of the shock. this long-term strengthening process goes awa y in the brains of alzheimer s patients. consistent with this idea, the alzheimer s mice did not freeze when placed in the box but only when their neurons we

41、reilluminated ( 照射 ). to help the alzheimer s mice keep their memory of the electric shock, the team flashed their dentate gyrus with blue light at 100 hertz, a frequency known to induce long-term strengthening . after this the alzheimer s mice froze in the box for at least six continuous days, sugg

42、esting they were able to remember the shock themselves. dr tonegawa s team found that stimulating neurons in the dentate gyrus other than those directly involved with holding the fear memory prevented alzheimer s mice from remembering their shocks in the long term. that suggests that unless the tech

43、nique can be refined, deep-brain stimulation may not be effective. 62. which of the following is the main finding of the research? a. it provides more evidence and possible ways to recover lost memories. b. it tells us the influence of lost memories on mice. c. it proves that mice s brains are full

44、of protein “ plaques” . d. it provides us with the way to do the experiment. 看第二段 . this helps provide more evidence about how memories are lost during the early stages of the disease and may point to how, some time in the future, those memories might be brought back. 63. which of the following stat

45、ements about hippocampus is true? a. it is a light-sensitive protein. b. it contains a gene for channelrhodopsin-2. c. it helps to memorize bad experience. d. it is a harmless virus injected into the mice. 第三段看the hippocampus that helps to store fearful memories.定语从句哦64. _ will not have the reaction

46、 of fear when placed in the box again? a. mice given an electrical shock b. mice with alzheimer disease c. the mice stimulated by blue light d. the mice with neurons illuminated 老年痴呆的老鼠normal mice remember this and freeze in fear if put back in the box the following day, but mice with alzheimer s ju

47、mp about as usual 不记得恐惧，照常跳65. why is it hard for mice with alzheimer to keep a fearful memory in the long run? a. because their brain can t strengthen certain nerve connections. b. because the mice were given a small electrical shock to its feet. c. because their dentate gyrus need flashing with bl

48、ue light at 100 hertz. d. because the nerve connections linking the memory disappear in the brain. 这题比较难， 倒数第三段说要使得恐惧记忆长存，必须 strengthen the nerve connections that link memory of the box to experience of the shock.所以倒数第二段to help the alzheimer s mice keep their memory of the electric shock the team fl

49、ashed their dentate gyrus with blue light at 100 hertz, 这样子可以保存6 天至少，但离a long term 还远远不够最后一段dr tonegawas team found that stimulating neurons in the dentate gyrus other than those directly 只刺激齿状回区而不是直接参与保存恐惧的记忆使老鼠还是不能长期记住involved with holding the fear memory prevented alzheimer s mice from rememberin

50、g their shocks in the long term. that suggests that unless the technique can be refined, deep-brain stimulation may not be effective. 除非改良技术，否则深层刺激还是无效，这些说明，没有刺激到关键部位，就是the nerve connections linking the memory d 1for the second time in two years, an american has won one of the most respected global

51、awards in literature. at a ceremony in london on tuesday night, george saunders accepted the 2017 man booker prize for lincoln in the bardo , his first novel. 2the book is an impressive and experimental ghost story set in 1862. it explores the death of willie lincoln, president abraham lincoln s 11-

52、year-old son, who died of fever during the second year of the civil war. saunders, a tibetan buddhist, imagines williesexperiences in the “ bardo, ” a buddhist state between the worlds of the living and the dead where willie communicates with other dead souls, and where he watches his father visit h

53、is entombed body. 3writing in the guardian earlier this year, saunders described the process of creating the novel: “ there is something wonderful in watching a figure appear from the stone, feeling the presence of something within you . and also beyond yousomething consistent, willful, kind and gen

54、erous, that seems to have a plan, which seems to be: to lead you to your own higher ground.”4saunders was the bookmakers favorite to win the award, but the victory by an american writer immediately after paul beatty claimed the prize for his novel the sellout is controversial. before 2014, the man b

55、ooker was qualified only to writers from the commonwealth and the republic of ireland. the decision to allow american writers to enter has disappointed authors including a.s. byatt and julian barnes, who argue that the award s main purpose was giving exposure to writers who were little- known in the

56、 broader american literary market. “ th e americans have got enough prizes of their own, ” barnes told the radio times last year. ron charles, the book critic for the washington post, has also argued against the inclusion of americans. “ for any serious reader of fiction in this country,” charles wr

57、ote in september, “ the americanization of the booker prize is a lost opportunity to learn about great books that haven t already been publicly announced.”5baroness young, the telegraph reported, stated that the judging panel was concerned only with the worth of the books on the shortlist( 入围名单 ), w

58、hich also included mohsin hamid s refugee parable exit west, paul auster s complex epic 4321, emily fridlund s coming-of-age tale the history of wolves, and fiona mozley s rural fableelmet. “ we re only concerned with the book and what that book is telling us,” young said. “ nationality is just not

59、an issue.” 6for saunders, the prize is an extraordinary recognition of his first attempt into full-length novels. the 58-year-old writer was previously best-known for his short stories, which have won him four national magazine awards for fiction and a macarthur fellowship. he came to writing relati

60、vely late in life after studying geophysical engineering and working as a technical writer until 1996. the idea for lincoln in the bardo came to him, he wrote in the guardian , during a visit to washington, d.c., when his wife told him the story of a grief-stricken president lincoln visiting willie