2018年高考英语二轮复习专题08阅读填空(练)(含解析)

1、专题 8 阅读填空【2017 北京卷】第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowedto sleep, they die within a mon th. 71_One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, whil

2、e fresh memories arerecorded by reinforcing （力口强）connections between brain cells, but the processes that take place while wesleep have bee n un clear.Support is grow ing for a theory that sleep evolved so that conn ecti ons betwee n neurons（经元）in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for

3、fresh memories to form the next day. J73Now we have the most direct evide nee yet that he is right. 74 The syn apses in the mice take n at the endof a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller tha n those take n before sleep, show ing that the connectionsbetwee n neurons weake n while sleep ing.If To

4、noni s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it the next day to concentrate and lear n new in formati on our brains may have smaller room fornew experie nces.Their research also suggests how we may build last ing memories over time even though thesyn apses become thin

5、ner. The team discovered that some syn apses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.75_ “ You keep what matters, ” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the ni ght before.B. It s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, whe n people go for a few days w

6、ithout sleep ing, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. That s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononi s team

7、measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.【答案】71C 72E 73F 74G 75Bawake,memory神harder【解析】试题分析：本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重Ett.7L根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleepey die within a inontlL羊、老鼠如果不睡觉，一个月他们 就死了，同样人几天不睡竟，也会生病，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选 CQ72根据前一句提到的睡贡有助于

8、帮助我们加强新的记忆，所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他 们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。73. 根据下文中的 he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论，正好F 项中有，故选 F。74. 根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词 synapses， mice，都与他的实验有关，故答案为G75. 根据后一句提到的 You keep what matters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。【名师点睛】1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七

9、选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通 过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出 跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可 以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从 而选择正确的答案。3、 注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因 为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我

10、们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。比如第73 题，代词的作用就体现的非常明显，如果看不到下文中的he，很难做出判断，但是只要看到了就会马上去设想前面必然会提到某个男性的人物，然后根据语境很快就可以锁定选项F,答案自然很快就可以确定。4、 注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why 的回答，后面要有 because 等表原因的词，对 when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where 的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how 的回答，后面要有方式状语等。5、注意一些连

11、词。如一些表示转折的连词，but， However， yet，though， nevertheless 等，另外还有一些 表示并 歹 U 关系 的连词 女口 and， also ， aswellas ， n either nor ， eitheror ， notonl y.butalso ， ononeha nd.o ntheotherha nd等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。【2017 浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。3How to Do Man-o n-the-St

12、reet In terviewsThe man-on-the-street in terview is an in terview in which a reporter hits the streets witha camerama n to in terview people on the sport._ 31_ se tips, your firstman-on-the-street in terview experie nee can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street in

13、 terviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. Forexample, if your topic is about environmen tal problems in America, you mightask, “ Why doyou thi nk environmen tal protect ion is importa nt in America?”_32_Hit the streets with con fide

14、 nee._ 33_ Say, “ Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and Iwas wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a qui ck way to getpeople to warm up to you.Move on to the n ext pers on if some one tells you she is not in teresteDon t get discouraged.34_Each in terviewthat you get on

15、the street should n t be Ion ger tha n ten minu tes. As soonas you get the an swer you n eed, move on to the next pers on. Make sure that as you go from in terview to in terview, youare gett ing a variety of an swers. If every one is givi ng you the same an swer,you won t be able to use it. A safe n

16、u mber of in terviews to con duct is about six to ten.35If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on theair,don t leave work without them.A. Limit your time.B. As you approach people, be polite.C. If you don t own a camera, you can buy one.D. For new report

17、ers, this can seem like a challenging task.E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same questi on.F. That nu mber of in terviews should give you all the an swers you n eed.G. With a question like this, you will get more than a“Yes” or “N6 reply.【解析】试题井析：本文主墓讲了如何进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。后）far behind cod

18、e making. The scieneeof creatingand reading coded messages is called31.D根据空格后一句,youi first mau-on-scrm interview expeti-ence can be easy二可知这是对于记者新人所提 出的建议，而选项D中的new坯ported正好与其相承接，故选D32.G根据空格前一句是个远非yes或no就可以回答的提问，而选项G中Wth a question like this正好 与其相承接，故选G33.B 根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项B

19、中的polite 正好与其相呼应，故选B.34.A 根据空格后一句 Each in terview that you get on the street should n t be Ion ger tha n tenminutes. ”可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A.35.F 根据空格前一句 A safe nu mber of in terviews to conduct is about six to ten”，而选项 F 中“ That number of in terviews”正好与其相呼应，故选F.【名师点睛】本文【小题 34】属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通

20、常是段落主题句。 认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据空格后一句“Eachin terview that you get on the street should n t be Ion ger tha n ten minu tes.”可知这段要求我们采访时要限制时间。故A 项为本段主题句。当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：1.属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结 尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2.与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅

21、读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。考点：考查说明文阅读2016 全国卷I根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes（密码）keep messages private.Banks, companies, and government agencies use secretcodes in doing bus in ess,

22、especially whe n in formati on is sent by computer.5People have used secret codes for thousa nds of years. _36_ Code break ing n ever lags（落cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. _37_ For example, the first letters of “ Myelephant eats too many eels ” spell out the hidden message“M

23、eet me.38 You might represe nt each letter with a nu mber, for example. Lets nu mber the lettersof the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message“ Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or senten ces. To read

24、the message of a realcode, you must have a code book. _39一For example, “bridge ” might stand for “meet and “out ” might standfor “mW . The message “ Bridge out ” would actually mean “ Meet mW . _40_ However, it is also hard to keep acode book secret for long. So codes must be cha nged freque ntly.A.

25、 It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any Ianguage, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of eac

26、h word spell it out.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【文童犬意】本文罡一篇说明文主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法。36.D考查推理判断及语境理解。根1K后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项內容符 合语境逻辑。昵E考查推理判断及语境理解。后

27、面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字 母作为密码，由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。38 . G 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断 G 选项符合语境。39.F 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的举例以及前句中的a code book 可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断 F 选项可以起到承上启下的作用。40. A 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本后）far behind code making. The scieneeof creatingand reading co

28、ded messages is called密码书也很难长时间的保密，故判断A 选项符合语境。2016 全国卷nA garde n thats just right for you7Have you ever visited a garde n that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of thegarde n appeared to total more tha n the sum（总禾口 ） of its parts? _16_. But it does nt happe n byaccide nt. It starts w

29、ith look ing in side yourself and un dersta nding who you are with respect tothe n atural world and how you approach the garde ning process._17_Some people may thi nk that a garde n is no more tha n pla nts, flowers, patter ns and masses ofcolour. Others are concerned about using garde ning methods

30、that require less water and fewer fertilizers（ 月肥料）._18_. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garde n. One of themcomes from our earliest years.Recall （ 回忆）your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garde n should be often goes back to childhood. Gran dmas

31、 rose garde n andDads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. _19_ how beingin those garde ns made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garde n, startby tak ing some time to recall the garde ns of your youth. _20_. Then go outside and work outa pla n

32、 to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you garde nB. Find a good place for your own garde nC. Its our experie nee of the garde n that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to p

33、lantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those garde ns, write dow n the stron gest memory you have【文童大意】本文是一篇说明文；主要介绍了如何建造一个属于自己的美丽花园。F考查上下文的语境理解。结合空格前面的句子的意思“你是否参规过很乎很适合你的花园，奸像这 个花园的气氛也超出了它的各个部分的总和”，由此可知F项的意思“你也可以建造一个属于你的漂亮的 花园”符合题意。17.A 考查语境理解及主题句

34、。综合本段的信息，尤其是 there are a number of other reasons that might explai n whyyou wa nt to garde n.”可知，我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个花园，这与A 的意义一致。more Others are concerned about using garde ning methods草草， 另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的肥料。 因此此处仍然是在说人们对于园艺有着不同的看法，这与 E 项的内容一致。19 . C 考查上下文的语境理解。根据前句的意思“那些都不重要”可知本空强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什

35、么。故C 项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文的语境。20 . G 考查上下文的语境理解。这一部分主要介绍建造属于自己的花园的时候，要回忆一下年幼的时候看到的那些花园，并分别记录它们各自的优点和缺点，为制订自己的花园计划打下基础，因此选G2016 全国卷川根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every one knows that fish is good for health. _16_ But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.America ns eat only about

36、 fiftee n pounds of fish per pers on per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as athome. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult._17_ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre sta nding at the ocea n

37、sedge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. _19_ When you have bought a fishand arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should bestored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one

38、.There are many com mon methods used to cook fish. _20_ First, clea nit and seas on it withyour choice of spices( 调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to10 minu tes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, its readyto serve.A. Do not buy

39、it.B. The easiest is to steam it.C. This is how you can do it.D. It just requires a little kno wledge.18 . E 考查上下文的语境理解。根据空格前面的Some people may think that a garden is no可知，有些人认为花园只是一些花花9E. The fish will go bad within hours.F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.G. The fats in fish are thought

40、 to help prevent heart disease.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了吃鱼对人的好处，以及新鲜鱼的挑选及烹饪方法。16.G承接上一句“大家部知道鱼对人的健康有益卅可知，下一句应该是说“鱼的脂肪被认为能够预防心 脏病叫故选G项。17.D上文提及“买鱼，贝饴鱼和烹饪鱼不难”,下一句说舟本文就是有关如何购买鱼，并用简易的方法 烹饪鱼的,所以空格处应该是说“买鱼、储存鱼和疙饪鱼婪求具备一些相关的知识”。故诜D项。18. F由空格后的句子说“新鲜的鱼闻起来应该味道鲜美”可知上一句应该是说“你买鱼的时候应该首先闻一闻”。故选 F 项。19. A由上一句说“任何鱼腥味或者难闻的腥

41、臭味都意味着鱼不新鲜了”可知下一句应该是说“不要买这样的鱼”。故选 A 项。20. B空格前的句子说“烹饪鱼有多种常见的方法”，后面介绍蒸鱼的步骤，由此可知空格处的句子应该是关于蒸鱼的。故选B 项。2015 全国卷nTrai ning for a marath on requires careful preparatio n and steady, gradual in creases in thelength of the runs._36_ _, buy the best -fitting , best-built running shoes you can find.No onecan say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you