英语语法框架详细总结

1、英语语法框架概一. 词法> 数量：10大类> 分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用词类定义例词名词noun表示事物名称的词market, people, water; information代词pronoun代替名词或名词所有格的词1, me, we, your, hers, all, nothing实词动词verb表示动作或状态的词are, do, go, eatnotional形容词adjective表示人或事物性质特征的词young, fast, excellentword副词adverb表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词very, well, always数词numeral表示数

2、目或顺序的词on巳 first, thousand冠词article名词前，说明名词含义a, an, the虚词介词propositi on名词或代词之间，表关系of, to, after,empty连词conjunction连接，“关节”之意and, but, ifword感叹词injectio n情感态度的词oh, ah, well二.句法>分类方法：按成分、按类别1.句子成分成分充当词例句名词nounthe sun gives us 1ight and heat人称代词personal pronounwe love life.主语 subject物主代词possessive pro

3、nounyour idea is good, but mine is better.“谁” “什么”指示代词demonstrative pronounthis is my favorite teacher.动作或状态的发出者疑问代词tnterrogative pronounwhat is the most important thing in your 1 ife?不定代词tndefinite pronounnobody can stop me studying.基数词cardinal numeraltwo of you are my best students.序数词ordinal nume

4、ralthe second is my sister形容词adjectivethe old should be taken care of in our country.不定式infinitiveto talk is easier than to do.动名词gerundhelping others can bring us happiness.从句clausewhat you did is better than what you said.谓语 predicate实意动词notional verbwe plan to review our lessons in three months主语

5、的动作或状态联系动词linking verbwe are chinese.名词nounnowadays many foreigners are learning chinese宾语object人称代词personal pronounhe fools us all.及物动词或及物动词短反身代词reflexive pronounbelieve in yourself.语的对象或内容指示代词demonstrative pronount thank you wi11 1 ike this.疑问代词tnterrogative pronounwho are you waiting for?不定代词infi

6、nitive pronounthey got everything they want.物主代词possessive pronounhe is an old friends of hers相互代词reciprocal pronounwe should learn to respect each other.形容词adjectivethat news will make mother happy.副词adverblet me show you out.宾语补足语名词nounwe chose tom our monitor.object complement介词短语prepositional ph

7、rasejerry found him in a strange world.宾语之后，补充说明不定式tnfinitivedo not force me to do anything t don，t 1 ike.现在分词present participledon" t keep me waiting too long.过去分词past participlethey ran away and left the work unfinished形容词adjectivethe mountains are green.副词adverbtime is up.指示代词demonstrative p

8、ronounwhat i want is this.疑问代词interrogative pronouni wander who you are.表语 predictive不定代词tndefinite pronountt is nothing serious-说明主语，“补足语”基数词cardinal numeraltwo plus two is four.序数词ordinal numeralmy mother is always the first to get up.介词短语prepositional phrasethe watch is just under the table.不定式in

9、finitivemy job is to clean the road动名词gerundhis bobby is col leding stamps.现在分词present participlethe result is disappointing.过去分词past participlewe are disappointed to the result.从句clausethat is what iq means.名词nounhe works in a car factory.形容词adjectivenow the world is just like a smal1 village-副词adv

10、erbthe native there are very friendly.物主代词possessive pronountheir invention won the world prize指示代词demonstrative pronounthese wild plants are well protected疑问代词interrogative pronounwhich river is the iongest in the world?zbw at tri du te修饰名词或代词不定代词indefinite pronounboth his parents are doctors.基数词ca

11、rdinal numeralthe organization contains eight countries.序数词ordinal numeralhe was the fifth player to receive the honor.介词短语prepositional phrasemany secrets in space remain unknown.不定式tnfinitiveso t have nothing to say for myself.动名词gerundt bought a walking stick for my grandfather现在分词present partici

12、pletom got injured by a falling tree.过去分词past participlethey reached an old house built 200 years ago.从句clausethose who drink water will not forget thepeople who dig the well.名词nou nli mi ng i s one year old than t.形容词adjectivethe travelers came back, safe and sound状语 adverbial副词adverbthe son often

13、wri te to hi s parents.位置随意，修饰任意不定式infinitivemother went to buy something in the market.动词、副词、形容词现在分词present participlehe stood up, looking at the boss coldly.从句、全句过去分词past participleled by the natives, we found the old castle介词短语prepositional phrasefrom the space the astronaut saw a blue globe.从句cl

14、ausewhere there is smoke, there is fire独立主格nominative absolutestructureweather permitting, we will go for a名词nounmiss wu, our english teacher, is kind to us.冋 1 '/口 appos 111 ve前名词、代词的具体内容代词pronounthey each have a pc数词numerali have prepared a nice dinner for you two.从句clausewe, ve got the news t

15、hat our team won the match2.句子类别分类：按使用目的、按结构（1） 按使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句类别例句陈述句declarativesentence肯定句assertivesentencehis name was pangu.she began searching for that something.否定句negative sentencei can not agree with you.tt doesn， t matter<疑问句question sentence一般疑问句generalquestiondid italy win the wo

16、rld cap?is that film interesting?特殊疑问句special questionwhat is your name?where can you find the answer>选择疑问句al ternativequestionare you a teacher or a student?do you like coffee or tea?反义疑问句disjunctivequestionit is fine day, isn, t it?no one accepted your offer, did they?祈使句imperative sentencedo n

17、ot take everything for granted!follow me, please.感叹句exclamatory sentencewhat a good teacher he is!how good a teacher he is!(2)按结构：简单句、并列句、复合句类别例句简单句 simple sentence5种基本类型s+vtthe sun rises in the east.s+vt+omany families keep pets.s+v+cchina is still a developing country.s+vt+o1+02he sent me an e-mai

18、l yesterday.s+vt+o+cmy girl always makes me happy.并列句coordinate sentencehe likes to watch tv but i like to read books.you can do your homework first and then you can play with your friends.名词性从句noun clause主语从句subject宾语从句object表语从句predicative 同位语从句appositivewhat you said is true.you knew that beauty should be natura1that is when i studiedhe made a promise that he would come back.复合句complex