英语四级阅读技巧1

1、二、常用阅读方法1、略读(skimming)略读的目的是快速通读和浏览全文，以便获得文章的大意，并对文章的内容有个总体概 念和印象。因此，浏览时不要把注意力放在文章的细节上，同时文章中某些不重要的内容可 以省略不读。通常根据文章内容和难度可灵活选用如下三种方法：1) 以一般快读的速度阅读文章每段的第一句。文章的大意通常是由各段落屮主题句表 述出来，多数主题句是段落的第一句。该法适用于主题句位于段首的文章，利于根据题目要 求迅速判断、确定文章的中心、主题。例：选出下题的正确答案：the best title for this selection is a) an ear for musicb)

2、music appreciationc) how muscles participate in mental actsd) a psychological definition of the thinking process显然，此题为主题型，可在确立了文章的主题之后做出正确的选择。因此可以先读文 章每段的第一句，再将它们综合得出全文的主题。(1) some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one，s muscles a

3、lso participate. it may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we 1 isten to music with our bodies.(2) you surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. few people can 1 isten to music that is more

4、 or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. often when one 1 istens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra (music band ) even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.(3) strange as this behavior may

5、 be, there is a very good reason for it. one cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performanee. the listener “feels” himself into the music with more or 1 ess pronounee motions of his body.(4) the muscles of the body actually parti cipate in the

6、mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.分析：(1)是全文的主题句，要阐述的主题是“心理活动不仅只是由大脑进行的，人的 肌肉也参与了这一过程。”(思二脑+心)(2) - (4)是论据，其中(2)用事例法支持(1) 的观点。(3)对(2)进行解释，从而得出(4)屮的结论。同时(4)紧扣(1),表述了同 样的观点。由此可得正确答案是c。用此方法，不仅可准确地找到主题，而且可以有效地提 高速度，节约吋i'可。

7、2) 以一般速度阅读文章第一段或最后一段，以一般快读速度阅读文章每段的第一句。 有时作者会在第一段便写出文章将要论述的主题思想或内容梗概，也会在最后一段归纳前儿 段的内容。此法适用于难度稍大的文章或主题出现在全文两端的文章。例如：the modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. he was prince henry of portugal, the younger son of the portuguese king and an english princessprince henry lived i

8、n the fifteenth century as a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated (devoted ) himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sai1i ng them. tn 1416, when he was twenty-two, henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him一jewish astronome

9、rs, italian and spanish sailors, and arab mathcmaticians and map makers who know how to use the crude compass of the day and could improve it.henrys goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug ( keep close to ) the shore. the caravel

10、carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. he also developed the carrack , which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.to price henry the world owes credit for devel opment of era ft that made oce

11、anic exploration possible- he lives in history as ilenry the navigator.question:the best title for this selection is .a) the first modern sailing vesselsb) the mariner princec) prince henry" s role in historyd) the first school for sailors分析：文章首尾呼应。作者在第一段写出文章将要论述的内容"price henry发展了现 代航船。”。在

12、最后一段对前几段内容进行了归纳“price henry改良了船只，从而使远洋探 险成为可能”。中间两段分别讲述了他的生平和対船只的改良。因此正确答案是c。3) 遇到主题句不在段首的情况，就要快速往下看，直接寻找主题句，忽略其他内容， 主题句有可能在一段的中间或末尾。此法适用于主题句不在段首的文章。如果用该法也找不到主题句，即段落中没有出现主题句，就需要根据所读内容自行归纳 主题了。例如：when an art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in finished form and hangs them on its walls. when

13、 a natural history museum wants an exhibit, it often must build it realistically from a mass of material and evidenee brought togetherby careful research.an animal, for example, must first be skinned photographs and measurements are used to determine the animal' s structure in a natural position

14、 fighting, resting, or feeding then muscle forms are bui 11 and a plaster shel 1 is made finally the skin is pulled over the shell like a wet glove this completes the animal subject.displaying such things as stone heads, giant trees, and meteorites is basically mechanical most other natural history

15、exhibits present more difficult problems. for instance, how can a creature be exhibited when it is too small to be seen clearly? in those cases, larger-than -life models are built the american museum of natural history has models of fleas, houseflies, and a myriad other insects enlarged up to sevent

16、y-four times. the models show the stages of the insects， development and theworkings of their bodies.question:the best title for this selection is a) construeting an animal subjectb) natural historyc) problems of exhibiting natural historyd) building a museum exhibit分析：文章的第一、二段没有主题句，但根据所读内容可知：第一段是一个

17、对比，目的 是说明口然历史聘物馆展品得来不易一一买不到，全靠造。第二段讲述了动物展品的制作， 其步骤z多、z复杂可见一斑。第三段只要往下读就会发现它的第二句话是一个主题句。而 其中的"more difficult problems”不仅是这一段的关键词，也提示了上一段的中心。因 此，最能概括全文内容的选项是c。2、查读(scanning)查读的目的是寻找某个特定的目标信息。因此，在查读时，耍记住自己所耍找的信息， 并考虑它在有关材料屮可能出现的形式，略去与要查找的信息无关的内容。例如：运用查读法阅读下面这段文字，并找出以下两个问题的答案：questions:1. when did t

18、he american civi1 war break out?2. what were the main causes of the american civil war?american civi1 war (1856-1861). a war between the u. s and 11 southern states which seceded from the union and formed the conf ederate states of america. the war was the result of long-standing social and economic

19、 differences between north and south that gradual 1 y became apparent after the war of 1812 sectional conflict over such issues as the tariff and the extension of slavery was temporarily abated by the activities of mon such as henry clay and daniel webster, but in the 1850 s the position of each sid

20、e became progressively more rigid; whether the war could have been averted is still a subject for discussion among historians.运用查读法，我们立刻就能找到答案分别位于文中的第1和第3句话中，即第一题答案 为 1861 年，第二题为 “long-standing social and economic differences between north and south. ”至于其它文字，因它们与题目无关，根本不用去读。在英语专业四、八级考试的快速阅读部分，查读法充分发

21、挥了它的优列。例如：根据所附的飞机时刻表，选择下面2题的正确答案：question 1: if you want to travel to shanghai on air fra nee on a saturday, which flight would you take?a) af129. b) af128. c) af1i1. d) afi12.ques tion 2: does lufthansa operate a f ligh t bet wee n beijing and frankfurt every day?a) no.c) yes, except on saturdays.b

22、) yes.d) no, only three days a week.flight scheduleair france tel: (010) 6588 1388(020) 6360 6688dayfromtoflightdeparturearrival1 - 7beijingparisaf12909:4014:151 - 7parisbeijingaf12815:5507:402, 4,7shtinghaipeirisae11110:5517:051,3,6parisshanghaiaf11215:5509:05lufthansadayfromtoflightdeparturearrival1 - 7beijingfrcinkfurtl1i72110:3014:251 7frankfurtbeijingli172017:2508:301,2, 3, 4, 5,7shanghaifrankfurtlh72911:1516:301,2, 3, 4, 5,7frankfurtshanghailh72817:1009:25分析：此表分两部分，分别是法航和汉沙航空公司的航班时刻表。问题1需查找可于周六搭乘法航班机飞往上海的航班，只需在表的第一部分(