Chapter 5 Repetition

1、 Repetition is a kind of amplification. It means supplying or repeating the key words for the explicitness, for the emphasis or vivid effect. For the effect of explicitness 1. Repeating the nouns Repeating the nouns used as the object in the sentence. e.g. Let us revise our safety and sanitary regul

2、ations. 我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。 They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。 Repeating the nouns used as the predicative in the sentence. e.g. He became an oil baron all by himself. 他成为一个石油大王 一个白手起家的石油大王。 John is your friend as much as he is mine. 约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。 Repeating th

3、e nouns omitted before the prepositional phrases or omitted in the comparative structures e.g. The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist industrial machine. 尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本主义工业机器摧残不幸的人们的故事。 The doctor will get more practice out of me

4、 than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。 Repeating the nouns used as the antecedent in the relative clause. e.g. The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that their was little left. 小学徒

5、对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把t他整瘪了。 All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess ultimate prize. 所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。 2. Repeating the verbs In English one verb can have several objects, but in Chinese the verb should be used repeatedly to link different objects. e.g. Is

6、he a friend or an enemy? 他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？ The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulders too. 这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。 For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分钟之久，他既骂我又骂我的兄弟。 In English one verb can be followed by several paralleled prepositional phrases; but in Chinese the verb shou

7、ld be used repeatedly to link each prepositional phrase. e.g. We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。 He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor o

8、f great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. 他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。 But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. 可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗 心，并且说他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。 3. Repeating the pronouns Pronouns in the origi

9、nal sentences should be converted into the nouns they stand for. e.g. Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。 Happy families also had their own troubles. 幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。 Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free. 你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。 “ Some, and ot

10、hers.” can be converted into the repeated structure in Chinese such as 有的，有的。 e.g. Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 上大学的，上大学了，下乡的，下乡了。（有的上大学了，有的下乡了） 4. In order to make a proper collocation and a tidy structure, you should repeat the words by using synonyms. e.g. He

11、 wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men. 他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。 Our reception in China, he would tell people, “was enormously gracious and polite”. 他逢人便说，中国接待我们“非常周到，客气极了”。 To him, the birds sang, the squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed. 鸟儿向他歌唱，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也为他绽放。 For the

12、effect of emphasis 1. Repeating the word that is repeated in the original e.g. He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨里荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。 Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来偿。 2. Repeating the word that is repeated in the antithesis structure. e.g. Eye f

13、or eye, tooth for tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。 3. Supplying the synonym to repeat the word that is repeated in the original. e.g. They would read and re-read the secret notes. 他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密件。 “ I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right now.” “我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好即刻就分手吧。” For the vivid effect

14、1. Repeating the four-character Chinese phrases e.g. Target priorities were established there. 目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后，是在那里决定的。 2. Using AABB patterns as the repetition e.g. Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。 3. Using the antithes

15、is four-character patterns e.g. If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。Exercises: 1. Students should have the ability to analyze and solve problems. 学生们应该有分析问题和解决问题的能力。 2. Mr. Wang is your English teacher as much as he is mine. 王老师既是你的英

16、语老师也是我的英语老师。 3. France, mother of arts, of warriors and of laws. 法兰西，您是艺术之母，勇士之母，法律之母。 4. What he said hurt me but also all of us. 他的话不仅伤害了我，也伤害了我们所有人。 5. We left so much in Vietnam so much innocence, so many dreams, so many men and women. 我们在越南失去的东西太多 失去许许多多天真无邪的岁月，失去许许多多的美梦，失去许许多多善良的男男女女。 6. I loo

17、ked neither to the rising sun, nor smiling sky, nor wakening nature. 我没有去看冉冉升起的太阳，没有去看笑盈盈的天空，也没有去看渐渐苏醒的万物。 7. Everybody appreciates polite words and manners. 每个人都欣赏礼貌的言辞和礼貌的举止。 8. We want such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure. 我们需要能耐高温、高压的材料。 9. Avoid using this computer in extrem

18、e cold, heat, dust, or humidity. 不要在过冷，过热，灰尘过重，湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。10. Teachers always demand us to study hard, study hard, but I dont know how to study hard. 老师总是要求我们努力学习，努力学习，但是我不知道如何努力学习。 11. In spit of her crippled hip, the basement was spotless. 虽然她走路一瘸一拐的，但地下室总被她打扫得干干净净。 12. John is more English than the English. 约翰是一个地地道道的英国人。 13. Their business is