材料学专业名词中英文对译

1、常见材料学专业名词中英文对译材料科学 Material Science 材料科学定义 Material Science Definition 加工性能 Machinability 强度 Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability 金属特性Special metallic features 抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素 Chemical element 元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid

2、 material 原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Spac

3、e lattice & Unit cell X 线结晶分析法X ray crystal an alyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mill's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution 金属间化物 Intermetallic compound 金属变态 Transformation

4、 变态点TransformationPoint磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium 相律 Phase Rule自由度 Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属塑性Plastic D

5、eformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density

6、 比热 Specific Heat 热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度Yield strength伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection 不破坏检验Non -destructive in specti ons 渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection 磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiog

7、raphic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期 Primary Creep 主要金属元素之物理性质 Physical properties of major Metal Elements 转变元素 Transition element 交换能量 Positive energy exchange 外价电子 Out

8、er valence electrons 化学结合 Chemical bond 钢铁的主要成份 The major element of steel 钢铁用 "碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相 Steel Phases 钢铁的名称 Name of steel 纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid 奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Met

9、al共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation 钢铁的制造 Manufacturing of Steel 连续铸造法 Continuous casting process 电炉 Electric furnace 钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart 钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧 The Casting,

10、 Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel 熔铸 Casting 锻造 Fogging 挤压 Extrusion 延轧 Rolling 冲剪 Drawing & stamping 特殊钢 Special Steel 简介 General 特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element 特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End UsageSulphuric Free Cutting Steel 硬化性能

11、Hardenability 钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness 回火脆性 Temper brittleness 材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity 硬度 Hardness 表面处理 Surface finish End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test 拉伸测试 （顺纹测试 ） Elongation

12、test 曲面（假曲率 ）Camber防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding 电阻焊 Resistance Welding电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力 Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet 上漆能力 Paint Adhesion 电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel shee

13、t 点焊 Spot welding 滚焊Seam welding电镀锌 （电解）钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet 生产流程 Production Flow Chart 锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass 表面处理 Surface Treatment 冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip 热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance

14、of Hot-rolled sheet 冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet 长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass 简介 General 硬度 Hardness 钢的种类 Type of Steel 表面处理 Surface Finish 常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size 电器用硅 硅 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet 软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material 硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material 最大能量积

15、Maximum Energy Product 晶粒取向 (Grain-Oriented) 及非晶粒取向 (Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅 硅 钢片的最终用途及规格 End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip 电器用的硅 硅 钢片之分类 Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of 退火 Annealing

16、 电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因 Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet 退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary 提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation 应力退火温度Stress -elieving Annealing Temperature 绝缘表面 Surface Insulation 镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途 End Usages抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance 公差Size Toleran

17、ce焊接能力 Weldability钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包 括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards 钢板生产流程Production Flow ChartElectrical Steel Sheets钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless SteelGeneral Specification of Tension不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless

18、Steel 不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性 Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel 铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel 表面处理 Surface finish 不锈钢片机械性能 (301, 304, 631, CSP) Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢-种类，工业标准，化学成份， 特点及 主要用途Stai nless Steel-Type, In dustrial Sta ndard

19、, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge 不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及 操作温度Hea

20、t-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy边缘处理 Edge Finish硬度 Hardness 高碳钢化学成份及用途高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip 分类 Classification 用组织结构分类 Classification According to Grain Structure 用含

21、碳量分类 -即低碳钢、中碳钢及高 碳钢 Classification According to弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use 冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip 回火状态 Annealed Strip 淬火及回火状态Harde ned & Tempered Strip/ Precisi on-Quenched Steel Strip 贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip 弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 EdgeFinished淬火剂 Quenching Media 碳钢回火 Tempering 回火有低温回火及高温回火Lo

22、w & High Temperature Tempering 高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火 Annealing完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing 低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing 中途退火 Process Annealing 球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing 光辉退火 Bright Annealing 时间淬火 Time Quenching 奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering 马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching 高碳钢片用途 End Usa

23、ge of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢 -日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip 金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip 镀镍 Nickel Plated 镀铬 Chrome Plated 镀黄铜 Brass Plated 基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Stri

24、p低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal 不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal 轴承合金 Bearing Alloy 易溶合金 Fusible Alloy 化学成份 Chemical Composition 机械性能 Mechanical Properties 化学成份 Chemical composition Manufacturing Method 应用材料 Material Used 特点 Chara

25、cteristic 用途 End Usages 材料的类型 Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer 部分材料性质复习 Review of selected properties of materials, 电导率和电阻率 conductivity and resistivity, 热导率 thermal conductivity, 应力和应变 stress and strain, 弹性应变 elastic strain, 塑性应变 plastic strain, 屈服强度 yield stren

26、gth, 最大抗拉强度 ultimate tensile strength, 最大强度 ultimate strength,延展性 ductility, 伸长率 elongation, 断面收缩率 reduction of area, 颈缩 necking, 断裂强度 breaking strength, 韧性 toughness, 硬度 hardness, 疲劳强度 fatigue strength, 蜂窝 honeycomb, 热脆性 heat shortness, 晶胞中的原子数 atoms per cell, 点阵 lattice, 阵点 lattice point, 点阵参数 lat

27、tice parameter, 密排六方 hexagonal close-packed, 六方晶胞 hexagonal unit cell, 体心立方 body-centered cubic, 面心立方 face-centered cubic, 弥勒指数 Miller indices, 晶面 crystal plane, 晶系 crystal system, 晶向 crystal direction, 相变机理 Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变nucleation rowth transition, 斯宾那多分解 spinodal decomposit

28、ion, 有序无序转变 disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变 martensite phase transformation， 成核 nucleation, 成核机理 nucleation mechanism, 成核势垒 nucleation barrier, 晶核，结晶中心 nucleus of crystal, 金属组织的）基体 quay, 基体，基块，基质，结合剂 matrix, 子晶，雏晶 matted crystal, 耔晶，晶种 seed crystal, 耔晶取向 seed orientation, 籽晶生长 seeded growth, 均质核化

29、 homogeneous nucleation, 异质核化 heterogeneous nucleation, 均匀化热处理 homogenization heat treatment, 熟料 grog,自恰场 self-consistent field 固溶体 Solid solution: 有序固溶体 ordered solid solution, 无序固溶体 disordered solid solution, 有序合金 ordered alloy, 无序合金 disordered alloy. 无序点阵 disordered lattice, 分散，扩散，弥散 dispersal, 分

30、散剂 dispersant,分散剂，添加剂 dispersant additive, 分散剂， 弥散剂 dispersant agent 缺陷 defect, imperfection,点缺陷 point defect, 线缺陷 line defect, dislocation, 面缺陷 interface defect, surface defect, 体缺陷 volume defect, 位错排列 dislocation arrangement, 位错阵列 dislocation array, 位错气团 dislocation atmosphere, 位错轴 dislocation axi

31、s, 位错胞 dislocation cell, 位错爬移 dislocation climb, 位错滑移 dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip, 位错聚结 dislocation coalescence, 位错核心能量 dislocation core energy, 位错裂纹 dislocation crack,位错阻尼 dislocation damping, 位错密度 dislocation density, 体积膨胀 volume dilation, 体积收缩 volume shrinkage, 回火 tempering, 退火

32、 annealing, 退火的，软化的 softened, 软化退火，软化（处理） softening, 淬火 quenching,淬火硬化 quenching hardening, 正火 normalizing, normalization, 退火织构 annealing texture, 人工时效 artificial aging, 细长比 aspect ratio, 形变热处理 ausforming, 等温退火 austempering, 奥氏体 austenite, 奥氏体化 austenitizing, 贝氏体 bainite, 马氏体 martensite, 马氏体淬火 marqu

33、ench, 马氏体退火 martemper, 马氏体时效钢 maraging steel, 渗碳体 cementite,固溶强化 solid solution strengthening, 钢屑混凝土 steel chips concrete, 水玻璃，硅酸钠 sodium silicate, 水玻璃粘结剂 sodium silicate binder, 硅酸钠类防水剂 sodium silicate waterproofing agent, 扩散 diffusion, 扩散系数 diffusivity, 相变 phase transition, 烧结 sintering, 固相反应 soli

34、d-phase reaction, 相图与相结构 phase diagrams and phase structures , 相 phase, 组分 component, 自由度 freedom, 相平衡 phase equilibrium, 吉布斯相律 Gibbs phase rule, 吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy, 吉布斯混合能 Gibbs energy of mixing, 吉布斯熵 Gibbs entropy, 吉布斯函数 Gibbs function, 相平衡 phase balance, 相界 phase boundary,相界线 phase boundary line, 相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking, 相界有限交联 phase boundary crosslinking, 相界反应 phase boundary reaction, 相变 phase c