(完整word版)物理专业英语复习题库

1、专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译A spherical system of coordinates 球坐标系Absolute scale 绝对温标Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute zero 绝对零度Acute an gle 锐角Adiabatic process 绝热过程Adjace nt 邻近的Amount of heat 热量Amplitude 振幅Analytical expression 解析式Angular momentum 角动量Angular velocity 角速度Annihilate 湮灭Appreciable 相当多的Approximate s

2、olution 近似解Arbitrarily 任意的变换莫测的Assume that 假设At con sta nt pressure 定压At rest 静止的，Axial symmetry 轴对称Axis of rotation 转轴Be independent of 独立的，Be proporti onal to 与.成正比Bend 使弯曲的Capacitor 电容器Cen ter of mass 质心Cen tripetal force 向心力Cgs厘米-克-秒制(Centimeter-Gram-Second)Change in jumps 突变Chaotic 无序的Charge by

3、 conduct 接触起电Charge by induction 感应起电Circulation motion 圆周运动Classical mecha nics 经典力学Coefficient 系数Cohere nt 相干性Combustio n engine 内燃机Comparison 参照物Compensate 补偿，抵消Con ductor 导体Consecutive 连贯的Con seque ntly 结果，因此Con servati on 守恒 Considerable 相当大的Con sta nt 常量Constructive interference 干涉相长 Coord in

4、ate system坐 标系 Coulombs law 库仑定律Coun ter-phase 反相 Cross-sectional 横截面Curl 旋度Curvilinear motion 曲线运动 Cyclic process 循环过程Decreme nt 衰减率 Denominator 分母Density 密度Derivative 导数Destructive in terfere nee 干涉相消Developing 显影Deviation from 脱离 逸出 Diatomic 双原子的Difference 差异 Diffraction 衍射Dimension 维Discrete val

5、ue 离散值Displaceme nt 位移Distance 距离Distribution function 分布函数Divergence 散度Dynamics 动力学Elastic collision 弹性碰撞Electric dipole 电偶极子Electric field 电场Electric potential 电势Electric potential energy 电势能 Electrically polarized 电极化 Electrod yn amics 电动力学 Electromag netic 电磁学Electron 电子Electrostatic 静电Eleme nta

6、ry mass 元质量，质量元 Embodime nt 体现具体化 Emulsion 感光剂En ergy 能量Energy level 能级Entropy 熵Equilibrium 平衡Equipartition principle 均分定理 Ether 以太Exposure 曝光External force 夕卜力Factor 因素First law of thermod yn amics 热力学第一定律Focal pla ne 焦平面Fraunhofer diffraction 夫琅和费衍射Free fall 自由落体Friction 摩擦力Gamma phot on 伽马射线Gener

7、al theory relativity 广义相对论 Geometrical 几何的Gradie nt 梯度Gravity 重力，地心引力Grow proportionally to 正比增长Harmonic function 调和函数Harmonic oscillator 谐振子Heat 热Heat capacity 热容Heat engine 热机Heat tran sfer 热传递He nee 因此Histogram 直方图Hologram 全息图Holography 全系照相Homoge neous （反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的Huyge ns Prin cipleS更斯原理Hyp

8、othetical medium 假设介质Ideal gass 理 想气体Identical 同一的，完全相同的Illuminate 说明Impart 给予Impulse 冲量Inalienable 不可分割的Incident light 入射光Inclination 倾角In cohere ne 非相干的In crease 增力卩In creme nt 增量Inertia 惯性In ertial refere nee frame 惯性参考系Infrared radiation 红外辐射 Initial moment 初始时刻In sta ntan eousf 舜 间的Insulator 绝缘

9、体Integral 积分Interference 干涉Internal energy 内能Internal force 内力Intra-molecular energy 分子内能 Isotropic 各向同性的Kinematics 运动学Law of cos ine square 余弦定理Length contraction 长度收缩 Macroscopic 宏观的Mass 质量Mass-e nergy conv ersior 质能转换Mean distance 平均距离Mecha ni cal equivale nt of heat 热功当量 Mecha nics 力学Medium 介质Mi

10、croscopic 微观的Molar heat gas capacity 气体摩尔热容 Mole 摩尔Molecular physics 分子物理学 Momentum 动量Monatomic 单原子Monochromatic light 单色光 Motion 运动Multiply 乘以Neutron 中子Newtons first law 牛顿第一定律 Non-equilibrium state非平衡态 Normal accelerati on 法向加速度 Normal to 垂直于Nuclei 原子核Nucleon 核子Numerator 分子Object beam 物体光束Obtuse a

11、n glet 屯角Operator 算符Overlap 重叠Polarization 两极分化极化Parallel axis theorem 平行轴定理Parallel beams 平 行光束Parallel rays 平行光Parallelogram method 平行四边形法则Parameter of state!犬态参数Perfectly rigid body 刚体Perpe ndicular 垂直的Phase differe nee 相位差Phe nomena 现象Piston 活塞Point charge 点电荷Point particle 质点Power 功率Prefere nee

12、 优先权Principle of relativity 相对性原理Probability 可能性Probability distribution function 概率分布函数Projection 投影Propagate 传播Proton 质子Pseudoscopic 幻 视镜的Quantitative conclusion 定量结论Quasi-static 准静态的Radian 弧度Radius 半径Rarefaction 稀薄的Real image 实像Rectilinear motion 直线运动Redistribution 重新分配Refere nee frame 参 考系Refere

13、 nee wave 参 考波Relative atomic mass of an eleme n 相对原子质量Relative molecular mass of substa nc 目对分子质量Relaxati on process 弛 豫过程Relaxation time 弛豫时间Reversible (process 可 逆过程Rotational inertia 转动惯量Scalar 标量Scalar field 标量场 Semic on ductor 半导体Semitransparent 半透明的 Solid an gle 立体角Spatial coherence 空间目干性Spec

14、ial theory of relativity 狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热容Speed 速度速率Stati onary 固定的Subscript 下标Superpose 重叠的Superpositi on 叠力卩Symmetry 对称的Temperature 温度Temporal cohere nee 时间相干性Terminal velocity 末速度Test charge 检验电荷The differe nee on optical path 光程差The equati on of state of an ideal gas 理想气体物态方程The ma

15、gn itude of a vector 向量的大小The number of degree of freedom 自 由度数量The reciprocal of 倒数The refractive in dex 折射率The right-ha nd screw rule 右手螺旋定贝 UThe sec ond derivative of 二阶导数The square of dista nee 距离的平方The tangen tial acceleration 切 向加速度Thermod yn amic temperature scale 热力学温标Three dime nsional 三维的T

16、ime averaged value 时间均值Time dilation 时间膨胀Timepiece 计时器Torque 力矩Torsion bala nee 扭秤Tran slatio n moti on 平动Triatomic 三原子的Tuning fork 音叉Twin paradox 孪生佯谬Ultraviolet light 紫外线Un deformable body 不可形变体，刚体Uniform circular motion 匀速圆周运动Unit time 单位时间Vector field 矢量场Vectors 矢量Velocity 速度，矢量Virtual image 虚像W

17、ave len gth 波长Wave number 波 数Weight 重量、段落翻译翻译（5 4）1、For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the initialand final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forceshaving such a property are called conservati

18、ve.对于固定的场 ,力作用在质点上的公取决于初始位置和末位置,而与路径无关 ,具有这个性质的力叫保守力 .2、A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion isbeing considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.由运动上相对静止的物体所组成的复合体，外加显示（记录）时间的仪器， 一起构成了 参考系统。3、The concepts of an equ

19、ilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part in thermodynamics.All the quantitative conclusions of thermodynamics are strictly applicable（适用）only to equilibriumstates and reversible processes.可逆过程和平衡态是热力学里重要的部分,所有的热力学定量结论都严格适合于平衡态和可逆过程 .4、If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move

20、absolutely without order, chaotically. All the directionsof motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others.如果气体处于平衡态 ,那么气体分子运动就没有规律,无序的 ,分子朝各个方向上的运动的概率相等 ,没有比其他的更具有优势.5、 Huygensprinciple:The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source can beregard

21、ed as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets.惠更斯原理 ,点光源发出的光可以看成是次级微小光波的叠加.6、If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are present, then we cannot speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body couldchange its position.如果我们假

22、设一个物体所处的空间中没有其他物体 ,我们不能说明这个物体的运动形式 因为我们没有可以观测这个物体位置改变的参考物 .7、Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with the moving bodyremains parallel to itself .平动可以定义为平动的物体上两点的连线在运动过程中保持平行 .8、 Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion t

23、o have thenature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies. 动力学研究的是物体运动的原因,即物体之间的相互作用.10, Vectors are defined as quantities characterized by a numerical value and a direction and, also,as ones that are added accord ing to the tria ngle or parallelogram method.矢量具有大小和方向，而且还可以用矢量三角形

24、和平行四边形法则合成11, We shall defi ne internal forces as the forces with which give n body is acted upon by the otherbodies of the system and exter nal forces as those produced by the action of bodies not bel ong tothe system.我们可以定义内力是由系统中其他物体产生的，外力是不属于系统的物体产生并导致物体运动的原因12, Con servative forces can be defi

25、ned in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does not depe nd on thepath along which a particle passes from one point to the ano ther, an d(2) as forces whose workalong any closed path equals zero.保守力具有两种性质：保守力所做的功只与位置有关，与路径无关，闭合路径的功为零14, We can thus use the functionEpto determine the work done on a part

26、icle by conservative forcesalong any path beg inning at arbitrary point 1 and term in at ing at arbitrary point 2 .我们可以用来 ep 表示保守力对质点从任意点1 道任意点 2 所做的功15, Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion ofa rigid body is stati on ary, the motio n of the body

27、can be represe nted as rotati on with the an gularvelocityin a reference frame moving tran slati on ally with the velocityv0relativeto the statio nary frame.假设参考系相对我们要研究的刚体是静止的，那么物体的运动可以看成是以w 为角速度的转动和以速度为 v 的平动.16, All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only t

28、o equilibriumstates and reversible processes.热力学中所有的定量结论都严格遵守平衡态和可逆过程17, The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of themolecules of a substa nce.绝对温度与物质的平均平动动能成正比.18, The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of hea

29、t that must beimparted to the body to raise its temperature by one Kelvi n.物体的热容为物体升高每开尔文所需要的热量19, Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measure indegrees Celsius or Fahre nheit or in Kelvi n.温度,分子平均动能的量度，单位为摄氏度，华氏度和开尔文.20, Absolute zero: the lowest possib

30、le temperature that a substa nce may have- the temperature atwhich molecules of a substa nce have their minimum kin etic en ergy.绝对零度 :物体温度最低的可能值 .此时 ,分子具有最小动能21, Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultaneous occurrence ofstatistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of them occurringseparately.概率相乘定理 : 独立事件同时发生的概率等于每个事件单独发生概率的乘积 .22, Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a sys