英语阅读训练--归纳概括主题

1、英语阅读训练 - 归纳概括主题英语阅读训练- 归纳概括主题（ Title and Main Idea ）归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解, 总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。 要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木,更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。 找出主题句 （topic sentence） 是一个有用的方法。最佳题目 （the best title） 可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还 有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。考察文章主题的提问方式常用的有： The subject of the passage

2、 is. The main idea is. The title is. The passage mainly talks about. What topic is treated in this passage . The point of the passage is that. What s the topic of the first paragraph? The best headline for the passage would be. Which title best gives the idea of the passage? What s the main point th

3、e writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?1. 主题句位于段首其特点是演绎式，开门见山提出论点，再分别说明。例如：People have known about gold for a very long time（主题句 ）. The early cavepeople knew of gold （论据）. Gold cups were used by people who lived morethan 5,000 years ago （论据）. Gold necklaces and other things made of goldhav

4、e been found in Egypt. They are also more than 5,000 years old （论据） .Q: The main idea of the passage is .A. gold is widely usedB. many things can be made of gold.C. gold was known by people long times ago.D. gold was found 5,000 years ago 分析 C 与文章主题同义。在阅读中要注意，所有用语证明论点的根据和理由都应具一定的逻辑关系。我们可以按照这种逻辑关系推断出

5、结论。2. 主题句位于段尾其特点是归纳式，即细节在前，概括在后。例如：One of the most important uses of gold is for money. Gold can be used to make rings, earrings, and other things. Gold is also used to make gold leaf, a very flat ribbon （带） of gold that is often used on picture frames. Cups and dishes can also be made from gold. Go

6、ld has many uses.Q: The best title of this passage is .A. the most important uses of goldB. wide uses of goldC. many things made of goldD. the importance of gold. 分析 这一段是从金子最主要的用途谈起，然后用 also, often 等词列举出其他用 途，最后归纳出 “gold has many uses ”这一主题，与 B 选项一致。3. 主题句位于段中其特点是：引题主题解释或提问回答解释。例如：A port is a place

7、where ships stay when they are not sailing. Ships usually load or unload at a port. So, a spaceport is a placewhere spaceships | stay when they are not flying. It has specialbuildingswhere the spaceships are kept. It also has supplies needed for space travel.Q: The passage mainly tells us .A. what a

8、 spaceport isB. that a port is a place where ships stayC. that a spaceport is a special buildingD. what a port and a spaceport are 分析 本段是由“港口是船不航行时停留的地方” 这一人人都明白的概念引出“宇航港是宇宙飞船不飞行时停留的地方” 这一抽象难懂的概念，进而加以解释。其中心就是向人们介绍什么是宇航港，所以 A 选项是主题。4. 首尾呼应的主题句通常是指文章开头和结尾相互对应。了解这一点有利于根据文章开头和结尾进行综合推理。例如：tten by snakes.

9、 It wasII he said.Shu Pulong has helped at least 1,000 people bi seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career.?The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. | Shu said.Q: What do you think the writer talks about in the missing part

10、of the a rticle?A. The sad story of the people bitten by snakes.B. How did Shu help the people?C. Why did Shu help the people?D. How much did Shu like his career? 分析 从文章开头“看到被蛇咬伤的人们使我选择了这一职业”和段末“这悲惨的故事使我如此震动，因此我决定把一生献给这些人们”可以看出本文的主题是“苏普龙如何成为蛇医”。那么中间一段是说明“那悲惨的故事”的，答案是A 。5. 无主题句依据文中事实，细节，观点，综合归纳成一般概念。

11、例如：Good afternoon. This is your captain speaking. We have been warned of the danger of strong air turbulence ahead for the next forty miles or so. Passengers are therefore strongly asked to remain in their seats with their seatbelt on for their safety and not to use the restrooms during thatdangerou

12、s period if at all possible. During the time young children should be firmly fastened into their seats.Please observe these precaution until the seatbelt warring sign has gone off. Lunch will be served after we have passed through the air turbulence zone. Thank you.Q: The best title for this passage

13、 would be .A. The Captain and the PassengersB. Something About the Strong Air TurbulenceC. For your Own SafetyD. Don t Move Around and Keep Still 分析 此文是一篇广播通知，告知旅客飞机可能遇到强气流前的注意事项，完全出于安全考虑，由此可判断此文的中心是选项C 所给内容。此问不是知识介绍，不选 B 。答案 D 中心不突出，不明确，旅客一听或许以为是飞机被劫持了。Reading Training CourseParagraph 1What are the

14、 tallest plants in the world? Many people would say that giant redwood trees of California. Actually, the tallest plants are in the oceans. These are seaweeds that grow almost seven hundred feet tall. Compared to this height, the giant redwoods are pygmies of only four hundred feet. To get some idea

15、 of these heights, consider the Statue of Liberty. This huge figure rises only three hundred feet.1. The passage can be entitled .A. Redwoods in California B. The Statue of LibertyC. Seaweed D. The Tallest PlantsParagraph 2We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To many of nature

16、' s animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to America' s great western plains, they killed millions of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs, andshot the coyotes. All this upset the area's balance of nature. For the a

17、nimals, it was worse than a flood or earthquake.2. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Nature Balance Itself B. Floods and EarthquakesC. American Settlers D. Humans-a Disaster to NatureParagraph 3When a piece of paper burns, it is completely changed. The ash that is left behi

18、nd does not look like the original piece of paper. When dull-red rust appears on a piece of tinware （ 锡制品 ）, it is quite different from the gleaming tin. The tarnish that forms on silverware is a newsubstance unlike the silver itself. Animal tissue （组织 ） is unlike thevegetable substance from which i

19、t is made. A change in which the original substance is turned into a different substance is called a chemical change.5. The author writes this passage to tell us .A. how paper burns B. that dull-red on tinware is unlike tin itselfC. that animal tissue is different from plant's D. what a chemical

20、 change isParagraph 4One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia was responsible foreighteen per

21、cent of all the deaths in the United States army. In theSecond World War, the rate went down to less than one percent. In addition, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected.1. which of the

22、 following would be the best title for the passage?A. A Dangerous Weapon B. Guns in the Second World WarC. A Terrible Pneumonia D. An Important DrugParagraph 5It is possible to do many simple tricks with numbers. Here is one trick.It has several separate steps.First, write down your house number. Fo

23、r example, if your address is 73 Lemon Street, you would write down 73. After you write down your house address, next double it. Then add five to this doubled number. For example, if your address was 73 and you doubled it, you would get 146. Then, if you added five, you'd get 151. Then multiply

24、this number by 50. In our example here, you'll get 7550. The next step is to add your age to this total. For example, if you're 26 years old, you should add 26 to this total. In our example here, the result would be 7576. After that you have to add the number of days in a year, which is 365.

25、 In our examplehere, 365 added to 7576 is 7941.The final step is this: Subtract 615 from the number that you have. Take away 615 from the total, In our example, 7941 minus 615 is 7326.The result here - 7326 - is the trick. The first part of the number is the address and the last part of the number i

26、s the age of the person. That is, 73 is the address that we started with, and 26 is the age that we used.5. The best title of the passage is .A. The number tricks B. A trick with numbersC. An interesting problem D. How to work out a difficult trick Passage 6An Australian wildlife park attendant surv

27、ived a crocodile attack after her father jumped on the huge crocodile's back and dugout its eyes as the horrified tourists looked on.Karla Bredl, 21, was in a fairly good condition in good care in hospital with a broken bone, a broken leg and some injuries after the attack.The 4.5 - metre crocod

28、ile caught Karla Bredl around the leg and then the waist when she fell during a crocodile feeding show for tourists.Karla's father seized a long-handled tool and beat the crocodile about the head to force it to let go of her, but the tool was doing nothing. So he jumped on its back and stuck his

29、 fingers in its eyes and the crocodile let go of her.1. The best title of the passage is .A. The Hateful Crocodile B. Father Saved Daughter's LifeC. A Terrible Accident D. The Dangerous Place猜词法 (Meanings Guess)该题型常见的设题方式有:? 1.The wordcould best be replaced by.? 2.Which of the following is close

30、st in meaning to the word.? 3.Bythe writer means.? 4.In the paragraph, the word"" means (refers to ).? 5.The underlined wordis closest in meaning to .方法 1：定义，解释法(Definition)通过下定义的方法，来解释说明某个生词或短语的意义。信息词： is, was, means, that is, that is to say, in other words, refer to .?No.1( NMET 1998 B篇)

31、He was one of 80 middle school students from Chinaattending a month-long "Youth Summit"The was aimed at increasingunderstanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussion.55.The words "Youth Summit " refer to .A.visits to the Nixon

32、9;s LibraryB.the Chinese students' visit to the USC.a meeting discussing relations between China and the USD.activities to strenghen the ties between China and the US.No.2( 2019年广东卷 B 篇)Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leader

33、ship skills can t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.60.The underlined word | cultivated | roughly means.A. developed B. compared C. examined D. encouragedNo.3 (2019 江西卷 D 篇)The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. is important because it

34、encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.68.In the first paragraph, the wordpruning | means.A. Regular cutting of the plantsB. Frequent wateringC. Regular use of chemicalsD. Growing the plants high in the mountain方法2：同义法(Synonym)在词或短语之

35、间有并列连词或它们所连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由 此确定生词的词义。? drinking as harmful.? 例 2.( 2001 年北京春季B 篇) He called to us that there was no onethere, so weran down to the bank, looking everywhere carefully. We could not understand where the man had gone. When it got dark, we went back to our camp feeling ? 57.The word

36、"bewildered" in the text probably meansA. ashamed B. nervousC. unable to understand D. eager to know something方法3：反义法(Antonym) 利用反义词说明生词的意义。? 信息词： however, but, while, instead, unlike, on the other hand.? ? ? 例 3. （ NMET 1999 B篇）Computer people talk a lot about the need for otherpeople to

37、become computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask, people don't have to learn computer terms （ 术语 ）, but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming "people-literate".? 57.We ca

38、n infer from the text that "computer-literate" means.A. being able to afford a computerB. being able to write computer programsC. working with the computer and finding out its valueD. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it方法 4: 上下文分析法（context）生词上下文起解释说明作用的句子，为我们猜测生词提供了大量的信息。N

39、o.1（ 2019年江苏卷 D 篇）but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness（懒散 ）. Morning, noon,and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside if the house the only side which, in truth, belongs to a .70. The underlined wordshenpecked husband | probably means a m

40、an who.A. likes hunting B. is afraid of hensC. loves his wife D. is afraid of his wifeNo.2（ 2019年北京卷 B 篇）The new planet moves around a star much like our sun, however. Scientists discovered the planet by using a new planet-searching method,called II .59. The transit techniqueII can .A. help dim（ 使暗淡

41、 ） the light of a starB. help scientists with a searchlightC. help discover a bee on a planetD. help find a planet moving before its starNo.3（ NMET 1997Ao） The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middleschool students under the age of 14. "Many of the problems are of college level and the

42、se pupils 54.The underlined phrase "Figure out" in the text means.A. guess B. add up C. work out D. study方法5：逻辑关系（Logical method） （对比，转折，因果，让步等）方法6:根据举例（Examples）从所举事例处分析：生词的后面常常出现一for example, for instance, such as |一类的词，这是作者通过举例来表述词义，表达观点No.1（ 2002 年全国卷 E 篇）A child s birthday party doesn

43、 t have to be a ; it can be a basket of fun , according to Beth Aneclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.74 、What does the underlined word hassle | probably mean?A. a party designed by pecialists B. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a de

44、mand made by guestsNo.2（ 2019年全国卷 C 篇）Fermat's Last Theorem（ 定理 ）. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had 65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word"baffle"as it is used in the text?A. To encourage

45、people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide person with an explanation.D. To limit people's imagination. etc.方法7：同位重述（appositive）在文章中变换不同的词句表达同一种意思的习作手法叫重述。原句和重述句之间是同 位语的关系。No.1（ 2019 的辽宁卷 B 篇）Take for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes

46、and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word green | today can keep food prices going up.63. It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of .A. vegetable dishB. healthy juiceC. iced drinkD. red vegetableNo.2（ 2002 年上海卷 D 卷）The commonest pro

47、blem was information . For example, people forgot the names of people whose face they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.85. According to the passage, the informationstorage failures | referto .A. the destruction of in

48、formation collecting systemB. the elimination （ 除去 ） of one s total memoryC. the temporary （ 暂时的 ） loss of part of one s memoryD. the separation of one s action from consciousnessNo.3（ 2001 年全国卷 A 篇）The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices - coache

49、s. Santana sedans are the big favorite.56. The words deluxe sedans | , minivans | and station wagons | used in the text referto A. cars in the making B. car rental firmsC. cars for rent D. car makers方法8：如标点（Punctuation） （冒号，破折号）构词法（Formation）【例 1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is,

50、it willbreak easily.【例 2】 We are on the nightshift from midnight to 8 am this week.【例3】 They are good diggers, and in Ranthambhore （ a wildlife park inNorthern India）中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀super- （超），inter- （在之间），-able （能的）， mini-（极少的，微型的）， micro- （极微小的）， re- （再，反复）， sub- （分支的，底下）， co- （共 同），post-（后），pre-（前），

51、trans-（超越；转换），under-（在之下；低于；不足），-hood（状态；性质；时期）， -ish （如的；有点儿的）；-proof （防的；不 能穿透的），-scope （镜），-ship（身份；资格；权力；性质），-some （引起/易于的），-wards （向），mis-（误；恶），un-（不；非）， in- （不；非）， im- （不； 非）， dis- （不）， non- （不；非）， - less （不； 无）， anti- （反；防）， sino- （中国）练习：【例 1】 Don't listen to his nonsense.【例 2】 Jason is a

52、 language specialist.【例3】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it wastoo long.【例 4】 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weaknesswas . So the player could never play the sport again.【例5】 Y ou can take any of the periodicals : The World of English,Fore

53、ign LanguageTeaching in Schools, or English Learning.【例6】 Apply （ 涂抹 ） an antiseptic , such as alcohol （酒精 ）, on the skin.【例7】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears infront of you,you'll have to use the front and hind （back） 【例 8】 Birds fly with their wing s, and they pick

54、 up their foods, and then eat them withtheir and they use their for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.【例9】 Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.【例10】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind （the first ofwhich can be easilygot from a shop）.No.1（ 2019年北京卷 D

55、 篇）Kate was . She couldn t understand why Nadia did not like to speak. Then she realized that moving to a new country probably wasn t the easiest thingto do.72.The underlined word perplexed | probably means?A. puzzled B. angry C. shocked D. seriousNo.2（ 2019年北京卷 B 篇）Grown-ups also have a sense of .

56、We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.69. In the paragraph,object permanence | means that when out of sight,an object A. still exists B. keeps its shapeC. still stays solid D. is beyond reachNo.3（ 2019年辽宁卷 A 篇）Parents who k now what s

57、 going on in their teenagers lives are in the best position to help them. To break down , parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them.58. Which of the followingbest explainsthe wall of silence| in thelast paragraph?A. Teenagers talk a lot with their friends.B. Teenagers do not want to understand their parents.C. Teenagers do not talk much with their parents.D. Teenagers talk little about their own lives.阅读小结在英语试卷中，阅读理解在分数上占到了 40 分，所以对考试成败有至关重要的作用。 可以毫不夸张的说，如果阅读理解题部分没有做好，那么就很难在考试中取得高分