《【中考命题研究】（贵阳）2020中考英语 语法专题突破 专题七 形容词和副词（无答案）》

1、专题七 形容词和副词第一节形容词和副词辨析,贵阳五年中考命题规律考纲要求1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)考查点年份题号选项设置分值形容词词义辨析202035short/small/long1分40sleeping/slept/sleepy1分61difficult/possible/necessary1分86politeimpolite1分202064famous/popular/new1分70worried/relaxed/interested1分87possibleimpossible1分202034friendly to/angry with/mad at1

2、分58awful/useful/careful1分202059terrible/unpleasant/pleasant1分64lonely/sad/surprised1分87relaxing/relaxedrelaxed1分202058excited/sad/relaxed1分60good/nice/bad1分62confident/creative/important1分65right/wrong/shiny1分68luck/lucky/unlucky1分形容词副词混合辨析202090especial/especiallyespecially1分202042bad/badly/clear/c

3、learly1分副词词义辨析202057impossibly/impolitely/specifically1分形容词副词转换202089easyeasily1分202094heavyheavily1分202092easyeasily1分贵阳中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对词义辨析及比较等级的考查上。对词义辨析的考查侧重形容词词义的辨析，且侧重在语境中的应用。对形容词与副词混合辨析的选项设置都是同根的形容词和副词，如bad与badly，quick与quickly，hard与hardly等。题目设置均为简单句，多为两个单句，词数一般为1013。另外，完形填空也侧重形容词或副词的词义辨

4、析，且近三年侧重一组形容词词义辨析和一组频度副词词义辨析，侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。词语运用则偏向形容词或副词的词性转换。预计2020年贵阳中考的单项选择必定考查一道形容词或副词词义辨析。词语运用对此的考查可能性不大，学生必须注意区分同根形容词与其­ly结尾词的意义区分，如：bad与badly，clear与clearly等。,贵阳中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1we can hardly believe that you learn to dance so _.(quick)2my uncle lost his id card yesterday._，a schoolb

5、oy found it and sent it back to him in the afternoon.(lucky)3though it was raining _，the policeman was still standing at the crossing.(heavy)4jack finds it difficult to pronounce some english words _(correct)5all of us were _ that such a little girl spoke english so well.(surprise)6it's cool and

6、 _ in autumn in our hometown.(sun)二、单项选择()7.it's _ to find english difficult sometimes.don't give up.astrange bunusual cnormal()8.if you are full of love，you'll be _ at finding the beautiful things in your life.aafraid bangry cgood()9.there are a lot of people talking and laughing in the

7、 room and it's very _aquiet bsoft cnoisy()10.in a green school everyone agrees to be _ about the environment.anervous bcareful chonest()11.it's raining _ now.you'd better take an umbrella with you.aheavy bheavily cstrong()12.it is amazing that mr.guo sailed across the world by himself _

8、within 130 days.adangerous bsuccessfulcsuccessfully()13.please be _there's an important meeting in the next room.aquickly bquick cquiet()14.how do you feel when you watch national flag going up?it makes me feel _aproudly bproud chappy()15.i carried the bowl with both hands _，so i wouldn't br

9、eak it.acarefully bhappily cquickly()16.my old neighbour charles felt _ after his children moved out.alonely bsafely cangrily()17.my friend frank sings well，and he is _ good at playing guitar.anot balso cyet()18.he said he would go _，but then he drove very fast.aearly bquickly cslowly()19.helen was

10、so excited at the news that she could _ say a word.aever balmost chardly【满分点拨】一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：the nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。i have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。2

11、作表语，放在系动词之后。如：he looks very happy.他看起来很开心。3作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：you must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。二、某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如the same，different，southern，northern，chinese，japanese等。如：my answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。三、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置1副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要修饰

12、动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：sometimes we're very busy.我们有时候很忙。2副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容词后直接加lysadsadly；politepolitely辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加lyhappyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加ysimplesimply；terribleterribly；gen

13、tlegently少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加lytruetruly；dueduly注意：(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加­ly，意义有区别。常见的有：closeadj./adv.靠近closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免费freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚，迟latelyadv.近来deepadj./adv.深deepl

14、yadv.深刻/深入地nearadj./adv.邻近nearlyadv.几乎/将近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.几乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.宽阔widelyadv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置分类位置例词时间副词一般放在句尾now现在；then那时；today今天；tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天；before前面；ago之前；soon很快；once曾经，以前；at first首先；at last最后；just now刚才；at once立刻，马上频度副词行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后twi

15、ce两次；daily天天，常常；weekly每周，每周一次；every day每天；every week每周；every month每月；always总是，经常；usually经常；often经常，常常；sometimes有时；ever曾经；never从来不地点副词一般放在句尾here这儿；there那儿；upstairs楼上；downstairs楼下；above上边；behind后边；everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方方式副词放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前well好地，优质地；badly坏地，劣质地；fast快速地；hard难地，努力地；happily快乐地；loudl

16、y大声地；luckily幸运地；politely礼貌地；quickly快速地；really真正地；safely安全地；slowly缓慢地程度副词被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置quite相当，完全，十分；rather相当，颇，有点；very非常；much许多；a lot许多；a little一点，一些；a bit少量；enough足够；hardly几乎不；almost大多数疑问副词通常置于句首疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句关系

17、副词用来引导宾语从句，放在句中关系副词有when，where，why，how等，关系副词常用来引导从句四、形容词和副词辨析1形容词词义辨析近几年贵阳中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点，在单项选择部分是偶考点。有时会涉及对某一类形容词词义辨析的考查，如性格描述类。在完形填空部分是必考点，越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别，解答此类试题要知道不同的形容词所表达的具体含义。2副词词义辨析贵阳中考近5年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。所以学生要重点掌握常见副词的词义和用法。3形容词和副词混合辨析贵阳中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的

18、词。此类混合考法是贵阳中考试题的亮点。下面将这类最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳，以帮助学生区别它们的不同含义与用法，并能在实践中灵活地加以运用。(1)easy adj.容易的easily adv.容易地，轻松地如：it's easy to finish this task.完成这项任务很容易。that can be done easily.那很容易办到。(2)slow adj.慢的slowly adv.缓慢地，慢吞吞地如：business was rather slow last month.上个月生意不太景气。he slowly walked up the path.he walked

19、 up the path slowly.slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(3)clear adj.清楚的，明白的，清晰的clearly adv.清楚地，明白地，清晰地如：the book is so clear that i can easily understand it.这本书很清晰，我很容易理解。he spoke so clearly that i could hear every word.他说得很清楚，我可以听到每一个字。(4)close adj.紧密的，亲密的，亲近的closely adv.紧密地，仔细地，细心地如：lily and i

20、 are close friends.我和莉莉是知己。the little baby was closely looked after by her.这个小婴儿被她细心照料着。(5)hard adj.坚硬的，难的hardly adv.几乎不如：tom thinks that it is hard to learn english well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。he can hardly speak english，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？(6)most adj.最多的，大多数的mostly adv.主要地，大部分，在大多数场合如：most of us agreed his pla

21、n.我们大多数人都同意他的计划。you mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要听和阅读。(7)near adj.近的，亲密的nearly adv.几乎，差不多如：my home is near to school.我家离学校很近。you spend nearly half of your life on your job.你几乎将半生投入到你的工作中。(8)quick adj.快的，急速的quickly adv.快地，急速地如：be quick，or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就迟到了。you must resolve the situa

22、tion quickly.你必须快速解决这种局面。(9)useful adj.有用的，有益的，有帮助的usefully adv.有用地，有效地如：there is something useful.i hope it can help you.这儿有一些有用的东西，我希望它可以帮助到你。the money can be used usefully to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。(10)bad adj.坏的，不好的，严重的badly adv.不好地，很大程度上如：i think it is a very bad article.我认为那是一篇低劣的文章。the whole

23、 project was badly managed.整个项目管理不善。(11)careful adj.仔细的，小心的carefully adv.仔细地，小心地如：lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。he put glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。第二节形容词和副词比较等级,贵阳五年中考命题规律考纲要求1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值形容词比较等级202060形容词比较

24、级older/better/worse1分202034形容词比较级more outgoing/very outgoing/the most outgoing1分202041形容词比较级larger/smaller/fatter1分94形容词最高级goodbest1分202031形容词比较级better/best/a_better/the best1分91形容词比较级talltaller1分202042形容词比较级tall/taller/tallest1分副词比较等级202063副词比较级faster/slower/happier1分202035副词比较级good/better/well1分贵阳

25、中考单项选择对形容词和副词比较等级的考查较多，且偏向形容词的比较等级及形容词和副词比较等级的混合辨析。选项设置多为同一词根的不同等级混合辨析，且语境的设置都会出现一些提示性词语，如：of all，than，in，much等。句子的设置多为两个单句，词数为912。预计2020年贵阳中考的单项选择或完形填空可能会考查一道形容词或副词的比较级。,贵阳中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1this place is not big enough for lucy's birthday party.we should find a _ one.(big)2i work hard this te

26、rm，but peter works much _.(hard)3this t­shirt is not large enough.please show me a _ one.(large)4yao ming is _ chinese basketball player that ever played in nba.(tall)5playing computer games is _ of all the activities.(interesting)二、单项选择。()6.we lost the match because they had _ players.they had

27、 eleven and we had only nine!aless bmuch cmore()7.things are _ on the moon than on the earth.amuch heavier bthe heaviestcmuch lighter()8.in the talent show，i performed well and ann did even _awell bbetter cmore()9.most kids would say sports games are the _ things in a school.they feel very excited.a

28、happiest beasiest cworst()10.it will be _ if you buy a return ticket on the train when you travel in england.amuch cheap bmore cheaplycmuch cheaper()11.tom writes _ than us，so he can get good grades in writing.amost carefully bmore carefullycless careful()12.someone says“time is money”but i think ti

29、me is _ important than money.aless bmuchceven more()13.you should do more exercise，or you'll become _amore strongly and stronglybbetter and bettercweaker and weaker()14.lucy does homework _ than tim.acarefully bmore carefulcmore carefully()15.a 100­year­old man ran a marathon in toront

30、o on sunday.he became the _ person to complete the long­distance running in the world.aold bolder coldest()16.the population problem may be one of _ problems in the world today.agreat bmore greatcthe greatest()17.can you tell me why you learn english so well?it's very simple._ you work，_ gr

31、ades you will get.athe harder；the bestbthe hard；the bettercthe harder；the better()18.is this kind of pet _ a pet dog these days?aas lovely asbmore lovelier thancmuch lovely than()19.pudong international airport is one of _ airports in the world.abig bbiggercthe biggest【满分点拨】一、形容词、副词比较等级的构成1形容词副词比较等级

32、的一般变化规则规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成方法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加­er，­estsmallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加­r，­stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以辅音字母y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加­er，­estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加­er

33、，­estredbigthinredderbiggerthinnerreddestbiggestthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，mostinterestingimportantmore interestingmoreimportantmost interestingmost important2.常见不规则变化的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法句型意义例句as形容词/副词原级as两者比较，程度相同。“asas”结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite，almost，half，twice，nearly等this book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。his ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，