2022年初中英语句子成分讲解简单明了附练习答案

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载中学英语句子成分一. 句子的成分：句子的成分为指组成句子的各个部分,即：主语.谓语.表语.宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语） .补足语.定语.状语等；主要成分： 主语 和 谓语句子的成分次要成分： 表语.宾语.补足语.定语.状语等一 主语： 主语为一个句子的主要成分,也为句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首,subject表示句子所说的为“什么人”或“什么事物”；一般由名词.代词.数词.不定式.动名词.名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当；留意：在 there be结构.疑问（当主语不为疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词.助动词或情态动词后面；例如： tom is a goo

2、d boy.名词 we often speak english in class.代词 one-third of the students in this class are girls.数词 to swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式 smoking does harm to the health.动名词 the rich should help the poor.名词化形容词 when we are going to have an english test has not been decided主. 语从句 it is necessary

3、to master a foreign language.为it 形式主语,真正的主语为不定式（二） 谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态；说明主语“做什么”.predicate“为什么”或“怎么样” ,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后；谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必需一样；谓语的构成如下：1. 简洁谓语 ：由一个动词或动词短语构成；例如：i like apples.动 词 he practices running every morning.（动词短语）2. 复合谓语 ：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成；例如： you may keep the book

4、for two weeks.he has caught a bad cold.（2）由（系动词 +表语）构成；we are having a quick breakfast.（三）表语：表语用于说明主语的性质.身份.特点和状态等,说明主语“为什么”predicative或“怎么样”；表语一般由名词.代词.形容词.分词.数词.不定式.动名词.介词短语.副词及从句充当；它一般位于系动词（如 be、 keep、 remain、 become、 get. grow、 turn、 look、 seem、 feel、 smell、 sound、 taste等）之后；表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓精品

5、学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载语,即成 系表结构 ；如： my mother is a doctor.名词 is it yours.代词the weather has turned cold.（形容词） the speech is exciting.（现在分词） the door is closed.（过去分词） three times seven is twenty one. （数词） his job is to teach english.（不定式） his hobby is playing football.（动名词）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载the ma

6、chine must be out of order（.介词短语）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载time is up. the class is over.副词the truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（四）宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承担者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面、和及物object动词一起说明主语“做什么” ,由名词.代词.数词.名词化的形容词.不定式和宾语从句；如：they went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）the heavy rain prevented me fr

7、om coming to school on time.（代词）how many dictionaries do you have. i have three.（数词）they helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）he pretended not to see me.（不定式）i enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词）i think that he is fit for this job.（宾语从句）宾语种类： < 1 > 双宾语 （间接宾语 +直接宾语）,例如：lend

8、me your dictionary、 please. =lend your dictionary to me、 please.间宾直宾直宾间宾 有的动词后面可接双宾语,包括常用来指人的间接宾语 和常用来指 物的直接宾语可带双宾语的动词有bring、 give、 show、 send、 pass、 tell、 lend、 offer、 buy、 make、 d等o ；“七 给” 一 “带” to不少、 “ 买 ” 画 “ 制作” for来了；带双宾语的及物动词 、假如把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前、必需在变换时加 “to ”或“for ”；这 11 个及物动词可以概括如下：1.“七给” give、

9、 pass、 lend、 write、 show、 send、 han和d“带” bring 8个及物动词 、在直接宾语前置时 、必需在后面加上 “to；”即“ vt. + sth. +to + sb. ” 如： he lent some moneyto me.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载类似动词的仍有： get、 mail、 offer、pay、 promise、 read、 sell、 take、 teac等h2.“ buy”买；“ draw”画 ；“ make”制作三个动词 、在直接宾语前置时 、就必需在后边加 “ for 构”成、“ vt. + sth. +for +

10、 sb. ；”如： mother bought a new dressfor me；类似的动词仍有： build ,choose、 cook、 cut、 do、 find、 fix、 leave、 order等；3.当直接宾语为代词时,间接宾语for 和 to 于直接宾语之后如： richard madeit for him ；理查德为他做的这个东西give it to me ； 把 它 给 我4.有些动词后可单独用直接宾语.间接宾语或双宾语,如ask、 teach、 tell、 owe、 pay.i asked john. 我问约翰i asked a question. 我问了一个问题精品学

11、习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载i asked john a question我.问了约翰一个问题精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载< 2 >复合宾语 （宾语 +宾语补足语）,例如： they elected him their monitor.宾语 宾语补足语（五）宾语补足语 ：用来补充说明宾语的特点.状态或身份,宾语补足语可由名词.object complement形容词.副词.不定式.分词.介词短语和从句充当；并与宾语一起构成复合宾语的句子成分, 叫做 宾语补足语 ；英语中有些及物动词, 除有一个直接宾语以外, 仍要有一个宾语补足语, 才能使句子的意义完整

12、； 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为： 某些及物动词（如 make、 let、 see、 find、 name等）或介词（如 with ）+ 宾语 + 宾补；例如：his father named him dong ming. 名词 they painted their boat white. 形 容 词 let the fresh air in.（副词）i ask him to go home now.不定式 we saw her entering the room.（现在分词） he found the door locked.（过去分词）we found everything in the l

13、ab in good order.（介词短语）we will soon make our city what your city is now.从句 （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词.短语或从句称为定语；定语可由名词.形容词.attributive代词.数词.副词.介词短语.不定式.分词等来充当；guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载china is a developing country.（现在分词）america is a developed country.（过去分词）there are thirty women t

14、eachers in our school.（名词）his maths is very good.（形容词性物主代词）i am the last person to leave the classroom.（不定式）the teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）he is reading an article about how to learn german.（介词短语）（七）状语： 用来修饰动词.形容词.副词或整个句子,表示行为发生的时间.adverbial地点.目的.方式.程度等；一般由副词.名词.介词短语.不定式.从句

15、或相当于副词的词组或短语等来充当；如：light travels most quickly.副词性词组 he has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）he is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination不. 定式 he is in the room making a model plane.现在分词短语 wait a minute.（名词）once you begin、 you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类： 时间状语.缘由状语.条件状语.地点状语

16、.方式状语.目的状语.结果状语.让步状语.相伴状语.比较状语等；如：how about meeting again at six.（时间状语）last night he didn t go to the dancbeepcaaurtsye of the rain. （缘由状语）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载i shall go thereif it doesn. t rain（条件状语从句）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载mr. smith lived on the third floor.（地点状语） she put the eggs into the bask

17、et with great care.（方式状语） she came in with a book in her hand.（相伴状语） in order to catch up with the others、 i must work harder. （目的状语） he was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语从句） she works very hard though she is old.（让步状语从句）i am taller than he is.（比较状语从句）八.独立成分：与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分感叹

18、词： oh、 hello、 aha、 ah、等；确定词 :yes否定词 :no精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载称呼语：称呼人的用语；插入语：一些句中插入的i think 、 i believe、如: the story、 i think、 has never come to the end.等；我信任 、这个故事仍远没终止.句子成分练习题 一 1. 指出以下句中主语的中心词（4 分） the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. there is an old man coming here

19、. the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. to do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 选出句中谓语的中心词（10 分）（） i don't like the picture on the wall.a. don'tb. likec. pictured. wall（） the days get longer and longer when summer comes.a. getb. longer

20、c. daysd. summer（） do you usually go to school by bus.a. dob. usuallyc.god. bus（） there will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.a. will beb. meetingc. the libraryd. afternoon（） did the twins have porridge for their breakfast.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. didb. twinsc. haved. breakfast（） tom didn

21、't do his homework yesterday.a. tomb. didn'tc. dod. his homework（） what i want to tell you is this.a. wantb. to tellc. youd. is（） we had better send for a doctor.a. web. hadc. sendd. doctor（） he is interested in music.a. isb. interestedc. ind. music（） whom did you give my book to.a. giveb. d

22、idc. whomd. book3. 找出以下句中的表语（5 分） the old man was feeling very tired. why is he worried about jim. the leaves have turned yellow. soon they all became interested in the subject. she was the first to learn about it.4. 挑出以下句中的宾语（10 分） my brother hasn't done his homework. people all over the world

23、speak english. you must pay good attention to your pronunciation. how many new words did you learn last class. some of the students in the school want to go swimming、 how about you. the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. they made him monitor of the class. go across the bridge and you will

24、 find the museum on the left. you will find it useful after you leave school. they didn't know who "father christmas"really is.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载5. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5 分） please tell us a story. my father bought a new bike for me last week. mr li is going to teach us history next ter

25、m. here is a pen. give it to tom. did he leave any message for me.6. 挑出以下句中的宾语补足语（6 分） she likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. he asked her to take the boy out of school. she found it difficult to do the work. they call me lily sometimes. i saw mr wang get on the bus

26、. did you see li ming playing football on the playground just now.7. 找出以下句中的定语（6 分） they use mr、 mrs with the family name. what is your given name. on the third lap are class 1 and class 3. i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. the man downstairs was trying to sleep. i am waiting for th

27、e sound of the other shoe.8. 找出以下句中的状语（8 分） there was a big smile on her face. every night he heard the noise upstairs. he began to learn english when he was eleven. the man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. with the medicine box under her arm、 miss li hurried off. she loves the library beca

28、use she loves books.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载 i am afraid that if you've lost it、 you must pay for it. the students followed uncle wang to see the other machine.句子成分练习题 一 答案1. teacher man dictionary to do2. b a c a c c d c a a3. tired. worriedyellow.i nterestedthe first4. homework. english. attent

29、ionwords to go swimming he was ill. him monitor bridge museum itschool. who"father christmas"really is.5. us、 间接宾语a story、 直接宾语 me、 间接宾语a new bike、 直接宾语 us、 间接宾语history、 直接宾语 tom、 间接宾语it、直接宾语 me、 间接宾语message、 直接宾语6. to read newspapers and books to take the boy difficult lilyget on the bus

30、playing football7. familygiventhird some downstairs of the other shoe.8. on her face. every night when he was eleven. too fast. with the medicine box under her arm because she loves books. if youve lost it to see the other machine.划分句子成分练习题（1） 1.they are working on the farm now.2. seeing is believin

31、g精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载3. all of us like kobe bryantverymuch 4.she becamea doctorin 19985.the book lying on the floor are mine 6.suddenly it begins to rain7.to catch the train 、i got up early yesterday8.i always find her happy9. hewondersifistillstudyenglish10. theletterwhichireceivedthedaybeforeye

32、sterdaywasafriendof mine11. we always work hard at english. 12.he said he didn't come.13.they love each other. 14.what did you bye.15.she watched her daughter playing the piano. 16.your job today is to help the old.17. speaking doesn't mean doing.18. bye the time i got to the station、the tra

33、in had left.19. the children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 20.it takes me an hour to get there.答案：1they 主语）are working （系表结构做谓语）on the farm（地点状语）now （时间状语） . 2.seeing（动词 ing 做主语） is（谓语）believing（宾语）3. all of us （主语）like（谓语） kobe bryant（宾语） very much（程度副词状语）4.

34、 she（主语）became（谓语）a doctor （宾语） in 1998（时间状语）5. the book （主语）lying on the floor （补语）are（谓语）mine （宾语）精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载6. suddenly （状语） it （形式主语）began to rain （谓语）7. to catch the train 、 （目的状语）i（主语）got up （谓语） early yesterday（时间状语）8.i（主语）always find （谓语）her （宾语） happy （状语）9. he （主语） wonders （谓语）

35、 if i（条件句中的主语）still study （条件句中的谓语）english （条件句中的宾语）整个条件句做主干的宾语10. the letter （主语）which i received the day before yesterday （定语从句）was（谓语）a friend of mine（宾语）1. wealwaysworkhardat english ；主语状语谓语状语状语2. hesaidhedidn't come.主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语3. theyloveeach other.主谓语宾语4. whatdidyoubye.宾助动词主谓5. shewat

36、chedher daughterplaying the piano.主谓宾宾语补足语6. your job todayisto help the old. - 主定语系动词表语7. speaking doesn't mean doing. 主谓宾8. bye the time i got to the station、the trainhad left.时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语9. the children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语their marriage.10.

37、ittakesme an hour to get there.形式主语谓语宾语真正主语（一 . 指出以下句中主语的中心词划分句子成分练习题 2精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载 the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. there is an old man coming here. the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. to do today's homework without the精品学习资料精选学习

38、资料 - - - 欢迎下载teacher's help is very difficult.二.选出句中谓语的中心词 i don't like the picture on the wall.a. don't b. like c. picture d. wall the days get longer and longer when summer comes.a. get b. longer c. days d. summer do you usually go to school by bus.a. do b. usually c. go d. bus there w

39、ill be a meeting at the library this afternoon.a. will be b. meeting c. the library d.afternoon did the twins have porridge for theirbreakfast.a. did b. twins c. have d. breakfast tom didn't do his homework yesterday.a. tom b. didn't c. do d. his homework what i want to tell you is this.a. w

40、ant b. to tell c. you d. is we had better send for a doctor.a. we b. had c. send d. doctor he is interested in music.a. is b. interested c. in d. music whom did you give my book to.a. give b. did c. whom d. book精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载三挑出以下句中的宾语 my brother hasn't done his homework.abcd people all

41、 over the world speak english.abcd you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.abcd how many new words did you learn last class.abcd some of the students in the school want to go swimming、 how about you.abcd the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.abcd they made him monitor of the clas

42、s.abcd go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.abcd you will find it useful after you leave school.abcd they didn't know who "father christmas" really is.abcd四挑出以下句中的表语 the old man was feeling very tired.abcd why is he worried about jim.abcd the leaves have turned yellow.abcd soon they all became interested in the subject.abcd12精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载 she was the first to learn about it.abcd五挑出以下句中的定语 they use mr. mrs. with the family name.abcd what is your given name.abcd on t