高三二轮复习动词的时态语态

1、惠东高级中学高三英语二轮复习语法专项第一讲 英语动词时态语态14一、动词时态主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、现在进行、现在完成、现在完成进行、一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、一般将来、将来完成时等.2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、几种时态的替代问题.最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在时every , sometimes,at , on sundays 等现在进行时now, at the moment, just, these days等现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, ju

2、st, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 等现在完成进行时all day / month; this month / week / year; these days; recently / lately; in the past few + 时间段; since +时间点; for + 时间段 等一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 等过去进行时this morning, the whole m

3、orning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 等过去完成时before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 等一般将来时next, tomorrow, in 等将来完成时by+将来的时间考点解读 在语法填空中，动词是必考内容，10空中通常有一空是考查时态的，而其中最有可能考查的是一般过去时或第三人称单数的一般现在时态，同时还有一空是考查非谓语动词。因此解题时，首先要判断空格中要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判

4、断用主动语态还是被动语态；二是根据具体的语境赖判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。一、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 1. he usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.   2. the earth goes around the sun. 3. guangzhou is situated in the south of china.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在

5、过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：i learned that the earth goes around the sun when i was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, so long as, unless, provided. 如：1. if he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.2.

6、so long as he works hard, i dont mind when he finishes the experiment.考点三：按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等如：the train leaves at three this afternoon.即时训练：1. every year, many trees (plant) along the river. (are planted)2. she said that the sea water _ (be) salty. (is)3. the v

7、olleyball match will be put off if it _ (rain). (rains)4. the plane _(leave) at 7:00 pm, so i have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest. (leaves)5. ill go with you as soon as i _ (finish) my homework. (finish)二、现在进行时  表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词 如always, constantly, continu

8、ally, again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 如：1. we are having dinner now. 2. the house is being built these days. 3. the little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。look out when you are crossing the street. don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考

9、点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 marry is leaving on friday.即时训练：1. i can guess you were in a hurry. you _ (wear) your sweater inside out. (are wearing)2. mummy, don't be worried about us. we _(have) fun in the people's park at this moment. (are having)3. with the development of science,

10、 more new technology _(introduce) to the field of it. (is being introduced)4. the girl _ (have) her birthday party tonight. (is having)5. if you _ (stand)at the corner when i pass, ill give you a lift into town. (are standing)三、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：考点一： for +

11、时间段； since + 时间点 如：1. they have lived in beijing for five years.2. they have lived in beijing since 1995.3. i have learned english for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, 如：  has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”

12、时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last threemonths; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “it is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。如： 1. this is my first time that i have vi

13、sited china. 2. this is the most interesting film i have ever seen. 3. this is the only book that he has written.即时训练：1. i _ (not see) him these days. (havent seen)2. you don't need to describe her. i _(meet) her several times. (have met)3. every possible means _ (try), but none proves successfu

14、l. (has been tried)4. great changes _(take place) in the city, and lots of factories have been set up. (have taken place)5. don't you know it's the first time he _(attend) this kind of meeting? (has attended)四、现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。考点一：表示“持续”：即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，

15、也可能还在进行。如：1. the children have been having a lot of fun. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。2. she is very tired. shes been working all morning. 她很累。她干了一早晨了。考点二：表示“重复”：即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。如：1. weve all along been making mistakes like this. 我们一直犯这样的错误。2. jim has been phoning jenny every night for the pas

16、t week. 一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。即时训练：1. tom _ (work) in the library every night over the last three months. (has been working)2. now that she is out of a job, lucy _ (consider) going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. (has been considering)3. they _ (build) the bridge for two months. (have been bu

17、ilding)4. i have to see the doctor because i _(cough) a lot lately. (have been coughing)5. i am tired. i _ (paint) the living room all day. (have been painting)现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1. 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：he has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。2. 在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可

18、用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：we have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。3. 在许多情况下，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时却并非如此。如：he has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)he has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)4. 有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。如：ive known him for ma

19、ny years. 我认识他有许多年了。the war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。5. 有少数动词(如live, work, teach, study等)用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。如：ive lived been living here for 30 years. 我在这儿住了30年了。how long have you worked been working here? 你在这里工作多久了? 6. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性：在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进

20、行时，如expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。如：你学习英语多久了? 正：how long have yon learnt english? 正：how long have you been learning english? 他已经睡了十个小时了。正：he has slept for ten hours. 正：he has been sleeping for ten hours. 五、一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发

21、生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 考点一：句型：was / were about to do when 中 when 后从句的动词用过去式。如： i was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 he promised to buy me a co

22、mputer if he got a raise 即时训练：1. suddenly a tall man with sunglasses _ (see) to enter the building. (saw)2. i was about to leave when it _ (rain). (rained)3. after jack had sent some e-mails, he _ (start) working on his project. (started)4. the letter for the boss _ (put) on his desk but he didnt re

23、ad them until three days later. (was put)5. peter had intended to take a job in business, but _ (abandon) that plan after the unpleasant experience in canada in 2010. (abandoned)六、过去进行时用法：1. 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning， the whole morning， all day yesterday， from nine to ten last ev

24、ening， when， while例如： 1. we were watching tv from seven to nine last night.2.  the boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.3. what were you doing at nine last night?4. the radio was being repaired when you called me.2. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：whil

25、e he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）he was cleaning his car while i was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）注意：英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）1） 表心理状态、情感的动词，如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。im forgetting it.( =beginning to forget)2）表

26、存在、状态的动词，如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等3）表感觉的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等.4）表一时性的动词，如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。即时训练：1. i first met lisa three years ago. she _(work) at a radio shop at the time. (was working)2. the report said that the ufo _ (

27、travel) east to west when he saw it.(was travelling)3. the last time i went to my hometown, a big factory _(build) there. (was being built)4. i _(drive) along the road when an accident happened ahead. (was driving)5. this morning, while i _ (sort) the reading materials downloaded fromsome websites,

28、the computer crashed. (was sorting)七、 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) 如： 1. there had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. 2. by the end of last term we had finished the book. 3. they finished earlier than we had

29、 expected.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：1. i had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.2. i had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.3. no sooner had i arrived home than the telephone rang.（注意主谓倒装）考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。如：1. that wa

30、s the second time that she had seen her grandfather.2. it was 3 years since we had parted.考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。如：1. i had hoped that i could do the job.2. i had intended to see you but i was too busy.即时训练：1. the vegetables didn't tast

31、e very good. they _(cook) too long. (had been cooked)2. we _ (hope) to catch the 9:30 train, but found it was gone. (had hoped)3. by the end of last year we _ (learn) at least 3,000 english words. (had learned)4. i _ (plan) to fly to beijing to visit one of my old friends this year, but i wasnt able

32、 to get away.  (had planned)5. when i got there, i _(tell) that he _ (go) to shanghai. (was told, had gone)八、 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。beijing will host the 29th olympic games in 2008.考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。如：we will begin our class

33、as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。如： i am leaving for beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。如：use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am

34、 (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。(注：该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用)“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。如：they are to be married in this may.即时训练：1. we _ (stay) there for another three days. (are going to stay)2. look, it _ (rain).( is going to rain)3. sit down, everyone. the film _ (start) (is

35、about to start)4. study hard, or you _ (fail) in the exam. (will fail)5. he _ (leave) for beijing tomorrow. (is to leave)九、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock thisevening, by march next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。如：1. by the end o

36、f next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.2. by the time you reach the station, the train will have left.3. by next tuesday, i will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。the children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.即时训练：1. i _ (

37、live) in xi' an for ten years by next may. (will have lived)2. the conference _ (last) a full week by the time it ends. (will have lasted)3. we _ (finish) the work by the time he comes back. (will have finished)4. by the end of this month, we surely _ (find) a satisfactory solution to the proble

38、m. (will have found)5. i suppose by the time i come back in ten years time all these houses _ (pull) down. (will have been pulled) 动词的语态 一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong,

39、break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed 如： it took place before liberation. 考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock (锁); wash (洗); sell (卖); read (读); wear (穿); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)；write (写)； 1.  glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 2. the car rides smoot

40、hly. 这车走起来很稳。 3. the case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 4. the book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型： it is said, it is reported, it is widely believed, it is expected, it is estimated, 这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，而 “以前人们认为” 则应该说：it was believed, it was thought虚拟语气在各种从句的应用（） 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是

41、"should(可省) 动词 原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。句型一：it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that句型二：it is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that句型三：it is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that如： it is strange that he (should) have done that. it is a pity that he (should) be so careless

42、. it is requested that we (should) be so careless.（） 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：i suggest that we (should) go swimming.（） 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, ord

43、ers, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)动词原形"。如：his suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.（） 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)动词原形"。如：we received order that the work be done at once.（） 在it is time that句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should 动词原形",should不可省。如：its time (that) we went ( sho

44、uld go) to school.例题例 we had hoped that he _ longer. a stays b have stayed c stayed d would stay解析：该题正确答案为。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气例 "mary wants to see you today". "i would rather she _ tomorrow than today." a comes b came c should come d wil

45、l come解析：该题正确答案为。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。例 had she been older, she _ it better. a had done  b might have done  c might do  d would do解析：had she been older = if she had been old. 故该题正确答案为b。解题技巧语境中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点，因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信息，正确认定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键。做动词时态和语态填空题时，常常按以下几个步骤：(1)

46、注意题干所提供的信息，如语境、情景以及说话人的情感; (2) 根据句中的时间状语以及一些副词判断时态; (3) 考虑语态; (4) 考虑时态的一致性。另外，复习时，还要涉及到短暂性动词与延续性动词，这两个概念一定要搞清。短暂性动词用于进行时态和完成时态都要受到限制。英语动词时态语态练习一、选择题1. i wonder why jenny _us recently. we should have heard from her by now.a. hasnt written        b. doesnt write

47、 c. wont write        d. hadnt written2. when will you come to see me, dad?i will go to see you when you _ the training course.a. will have finished       b. will finish c. are finishing      

48、60;  d. finish3. how long _ at this job? since 1990.a. were you employed     b. have you been employed c. had you been employed     d. will you be employed4. by the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in beijing. a. would be completed   &#

49、160;b. was being completed c. has been completed   d. had been completed5. he will have learned english for eight years by the time he _ from theuniversity next year.a. will graduate        b. will have graduated c. graduates    &

50、#160; d. is to graduate6. i feel it is your husband who _for the spoiled child.a. is to blame         b. is going to blame c. is to be blame      d. should blame7. he _ the composition the whole morning and he still is.a

51、. has written  b. is writing c. has been writingd. had written8. the price _, but i doubt whether it will remain so.a. went down        b. will go down c. has gone down        d. was going down9. how long _ eac

52、h other before they _ married?for about a year.a. have they known; get b. did they know; getc. do they know; are going to get d. had they known; got10.you cant move in right now. the house _.a. has painted         b. is being painted c. is painted &#

53、160;      d. is painting11.is this raincoat yours?no, mine _ there behind the door.a. is hanging    b. has hang   c. hangs    d. hang12. we would like to go and thank him ourselves, but we _ out his address yet,a. h

54、avent found        b. hadnt found c. didnt find         d. dont find13. shirley _ a book about china last year but i dont know whether she has finished.a. has written        &

55、#160;b. wrote c. had written         d. was writing14. do i have to take this medicine? it _ so terrible.a. tastes     b. is tasting     c. is tasted    d. has tasted15. dont take the magazine away. i

56、t _ me.a. is belonged to        b. belongs to c. was belonged to        d. is belonging to16. is this the third time that you _ late?a. was   b. am      c. have been  

57、60;  d. had been17. my uncle said that he would telephone but i _ from him so far.a. didnt hear         b. hadnt heard c. havent heard        d. wont hear18 .the pen i _ i _ is on my desk, right under my nose.a

58、. think; lost        b. thought; had lost c. think; had lost        d. thought; lost19. a friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it _.a. to be broken       &#

59、160;  b. had broken into c. was broken          d. had been broken into20.do you like the new pen?yes, it _ very well. a. is written        b. is writing c. writes         d.

60、wrote21.oh, its you? i didnt recognize you.i _ my hair cut, and i _ new glass.a. had; was wearing       b. have had; am wearing c. had; wore        d. have had; wear22. as she _ the newspaper, granny _ asleep.a. read; was falling 

61、      b. was reading; fell c. was reading; was falling     d. read; fell23. how are you today? oh, i _ as ill as i do now for a very long time. a. didnt feel        b. wasnt feeling c. dont feel       d. havent felt24. when jack arrived he learned mary _