主动形式表被动含义

1、主动形式表被动含义1. f eel, taste, sound, smell, look 等感官动词和 keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, prove 等表示状态的系动词后接形容词 /名词/介词短语或“ to be + 形容词 （名词） ”作表语 时, 这些动词常常以主动形式表示被动含义，此时句子的主语是被感知或描述的对象。 例如 :Silk feels very soft.丝绸摸上去很柔软 ?What you said sounded a bit reasonable.你说的听起来有点道理 ?The little baby looks like a small

2、 cat.这婴儿看上去像只小猫 ?My room keeps clean all the time.我的房间一直 （ 被） 保持得很干净 ?Einstein ' s theory later proved （to be） true.爱因斯坦的理论后来 （ 被 ） 证明是正确的?2. wash, write, wear, sell, read, dry, clean, run, open等动词作谓语时，常可用主动形式表示被动含义，注意 : 这类动词往往与 easily, well, badly, smoothly等副词连用，表示主语的属性特征。例如 :This kind of cloth

3、 washes easily.这种布很好洗。Food of this kind sells well.这种食品很好卖。Nylon cleans easily 尼龙容易洗干净。The coat dries easily这种外衣容易干。3. take place, happen, hang, measure, weigh等描述状态的不及物动词和短语动词可以用主动形式表示被动含义。例如 :Great changes have taken place in our school in the last 5 years.过去 5 年里我们学校发生了巨大的变化。The hen weighs 3 kg.这只

4、母鸡 3 公斤重。His family photo hangs highly between the two windows. 他的全家福 （照片）高高地 （被）挂在两个窗户之间。4. 与 can ' t/won ' t/hardly/never 等连用的不及物动词 , 如 open, shut, move, lock 等, 常可用主动形式表示被动含义。例如 :The door won ' t open. 这门就是不能 （ 被 ） 打开。The glass never moves!这个杯子永远都不能动。5. wear, blow, fly 等一些 不及物动词 用于“主语

5、 + 谓语 + （to be） +形容词”结构中时 , 可用主动形式表示被动含义。例如:The trousers have worn old.裤子已经穿旧了。The window blew open. 窗户被吹开了。6. need, require, want 等表示“需要”意义的动词 , 后接动词的 -ing 的主动形式往 往表示被动含义。例如 :The paper can ' t come out, because it needs improving. 这篇论文不能发表 , 因为它还需要修改。The old building requires painting again.这栋老

6、房子需要再粉刷一遍。注意 : 前面两句也可以改为：The paper can ' t come out, because it needs to be improved.The old building requires to be painted again.7. 用“ be （well） worth/deserve + doing” 结构也可以表示被动含义。例如 :误 : His idea is very worth considering.他的想法值得考虑。正 : The film Hero is well worth seeing a second time.电影英雄很值得再看

7、一遍 ?The place deserves a visit/visit ing/to be visited.8. 当动词不定式作定语且与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，其逻辑主语是句子 的主语或间接宾语时，用该不定式的主动形式常常可以表示被动含义。（不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。）例如：I have a lot of problems to settle at prese nt.目前我有许多问题需要解决？Do you have any thi ng else to say?你还有什么要说的

8、 ？Tom is look ing for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom有主谓关系）He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）Have you got any clothes to wash today?今天你有什么衣服要洗吗?（指被问的人洗衣服）比较： Have you got any clothes to be washed today?你今天有什么衣服要洗吗 ?（指问话的人洗衣服）注意:在“there be .”句式中，如果动词不定式前没有明确的逻

9、辑主语时，不定式用主动形式或被动形式均可，如果有逻辑主语，则用不定式的主动形式 ？例如：有五封信等着回复？There are five letters to an swer/to be an swered.（也可译为:There are five letters for me to answer.）9. difficult, easy, importa nt, comfortable, convenient,dan gerous,hard,cheap，expensive等形容词（表示难易、利弊等含义）作表语或宾语补足语时，动词不定 式在其后作状语，并与句子的主语构成动宾关系时，应用动词不定式的

10、主动形式表示被动含义。结构：主语+系动词+形容词+不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。|例如：I find that his books are always difficult to un dersta nd.我发现他的书总是很难理解。我兄弟很容易相处。My brother is easy to deal with.The math problem is not easy to work out.The question is difficult to answer.I found the car comfortable to ride in.10. 主语是 much, a great de

11、al, little, what 的主动表被动。这道数学题不易解出。这个问题很难回答。我觉得这种车很好坐。等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式What is to do?做什么?三班由陈老师负责？这栋楼是汤姆的？计划正在会上讨论？别着急，一切都在掌握之中？Much is to do.太多要做的事。11. 一些固定句式中的主动形式常表示被动含义。例如：Who is to blame for the accide nt? 谁该为这起事故负责 ? You are to blame for the accide nt.你应为这事受动责备。The house is to let. 此房出租。A lot re

12、mai ns to do.还剩下许多事情要做。12. 一些“介词+名词”构成的介词短语表示被动含义。例如：Class Three is in the charge of Mr Chen.The buildi ng is in the possessi on of Tom. The pla n is un der discussi on at the meeti ng.Con' t worryeveryth ing is un der con trol.精品巩固练习 :1. It is Tom who was for the incident.D. to be blamingA. to

13、blameB. blaming C. blamed2. There were three e-mails for the secretary.A. to be repliedB. to reply toreplied to3. On the wall two large portraits.A. hangsB. hang4. The house facing the river him.A. is in possession ofC. is in the possession ofC. to reply D. to beC. is hanged D. hangedB. is possessio

14、n ofD. is in the possession byB. to get along withD. to be got along withC. to clean D. beingB. washes; is lastedD. is washed; is lastedt keep C. isn ' t keptD.A. provedB. proving11. The book is not interesting enoughA. to be publishingB. to publish12. The old woman requires patiently.A. to take

15、 care ofC. is provedD. to be provedC. publishD. publishedB. to be taken care ofC. being taken care ofD. being taken care5. The old man is easy.A. to get alongC. to be got along6. Have you moved in the new house? No. It needsA. cleanedB. cleaningcleaned7. This kind of clothwell butshort.A. is washed;

16、 lastsC. washes; lasts8. In summer fresh meat usuallylong.A. can ' t be keptB. canisn ' t keeping9. The question that the teacher raised was difficult for me.A. to answerB. to be answeredC. to be answering D. answer10. What my mother saidto be true in the end.C. to be settled D. settledA. in discussion C. in the discussion13. I can ' t go with you, because I have a lot of thingsA. to settleB. settling14. Don ' t be worried. Your problems areB. under discussionD. under the discussion15. This museum istwice.A. very worth being vis