2019届高考英语二轮题海特训营：(16)阅读理解主旨大意四Word版含解析0001

1、阅读理解 -主旨大意四1、The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore a

2、ttempts may be made to fill every gap（ 间隙 ） with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chines

3、e and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied（ 暗示 ） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silen

4、ce in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silen

5、ce when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be awar

6、e of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient ' s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unneescsarily. A nurs

7、e who understands the healing（ 治愈 ） value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific.D. It is content

8、-based.2. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.3. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate

9、its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.4. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold2、Many Americans buy an evergreen tree for Christmas. They put the tree in their home

10、and hang small lights and colorful objects on it. The evergreen is usually a pine or a fir tree （ 冷杉树 ）. It remains green during the cold, dark months of winter in the northern part of the world. So it is a sign of everlasting life.Early long ago Romans probably planted evergreen trees during a cele

11、bration in honor of their god of agriculture. The Christmas tree may have developed from a popular play performed hundreds of years ago in what is now Germany. Traditionally, the play was on December twenty-fourth, the day before Christmas. The play was about the first people that God created Adam a

12、nd Eve. People put apples on an evergreen tree to represent the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.By the year 1600, some Germans began bringing evergreen trees into their homes. They put fruit, nuts and sweets on the trees. They shared the food among family members and friends after the holida

13、y season. Some people say the German religious reformer （ 改革者 ）Martin Luther was the first person to add lighted candles to a tree. They say he did this to show how wonderful the stars had appeared as he traveled one night.In the early 1800's, German settlers in the state of Pennsylvania were th

14、e first to celebrate the holiday with Christmas trees in the United States. The Christmas tree tradition spread to many parts of the world. Today, some form of the Christmas tree is part of most Christmas celebrations.1. Why do people choose the evergreen tree for the Christmas tree?A. It can be put

15、 in the home easily.B. It can be found everywhere in winter.C. It's convenient for people to put things on it.D. It's evergreen and considered to represent long life.2. What can we learn from the second paragraph?A. The Christmas tree dates back to ancient times.B. It was in a film that the

16、Christmas tree was first used.C. Early Romans honored the god of agriculture with trees.D. The Christmas tree was regarded as the tree of knowledge.3. We can learn from the passage that .A. German settlers celebrate the holiday with fir treesB. Germans would share the food on the trees at ChristmasC

17、. many people in the world follow the Christmas tree traditionD. Marlin Luther was the first person to decorate the Christmas tree4. What's the best title of this passage?A. The long history of ChristmasB. The traditions behind the Christmas treeC. The use of evergreen trees during ChristmasD. E

18、vergreen trees, the sign of everlasting life3、Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register th

19、e books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new readerwho finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director o

20、f BookCrossing, says,“ The two things that changeyour life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who

21、 find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.Book

22、Crossing is part of a trend among people w ho want to get back to the“ real ” and not thevirtual（ 虚拟 ）. The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To in

23、troduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.2. What does the underlined word it” in P“aragraph 2 refer to?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.3. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it

24、?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People thr

25、ough Books4、Ease neck and shoulder pain at the officeIf you work in an office, keeping neck and shoulder pain away may only take two minutes a day.A new study presented at the World Congress of the American College of Sports Medicine in Denver found that office workers doing two minutes of exercise

26、a day reported lower levels of neck and shoulder pain after 10 weeks.The study by Danish researchers involved 198 office workers who had frequent neck and shoulder pain but were otherwise healthy. The workers did either a 2-minute or a 12-minute resistance exercise using elastic tubing. The exercise

27、 was a lateral raise, in which the upper arm is raised until it is horizontal and the arms are 10 to 15 inches from the body, says Lars Andersen, the lead researcher.After 10 weeks, the workers who had performed two minutes of daily exercise reported on average a 1.4-point decrease in pain on a 10-p

28、oint scale. Workers who did 12 minutes of daily exercise had an even lower level of pain, but the difference was not very significant.Though the study may give new encouragement to workers to add even small amounts of exercise into their daily routines, the connection between lower levels of pain an

29、d exercise is well-documented, says Lynn Miller, a professor of physical therapy at Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Mich., who was not involved in the study.Even short periods of exercise can help loosen up tight muscles and bring the body back into proper level, Miller says. Office-induced p

30、ain also can be reduced by making sure your workspace is set up properly.“ For office workers,usually posture is not good," Miller says. Arms are often forward for prolonged periods, and reading a computer screen tends to bring the head into a forward position. 1.In which column of a newspaper

31、could we find this passage?A. Entertainment.B. Sports.C. Business.D. Lifestyle.2. According to the passage, where did the researchers come from?A. Germany.B. America.C. Denmark.D. Britain.3. The third paragraph mainly tells us .A. the reason why the study was carried outB. the people who carried out

32、 the researchC. how the study was carried out in detailD. how to exercise every day4. Which of the following words best describes Lynn Miller' s attitude towards the study result?A. Supportive.B. Negative.C. Shocked.D. Doubtful.5、The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned

33、 an electric car into amobile la boratory named“ DriveLAB ” in order to understand the challenges faced by older driversand to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health andwell-being among older people, leading to th

34、em becoming more isolated（ 隔绝 ） and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies forolder drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation（ 导航 ） tools, night vision systems and intelli

35、gentspeed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“ For many older people, particularly those living alone orin the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”"But we all have to accept that as we get

36、 older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to."Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study,

37、 explains, "The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.re looking at the bene"For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surpr

38、isingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We'systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that."We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（

39、解决方案 ） to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel. ”1. What is the purpose of the Drive LAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older driver's problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.2. Why is driving important for older people accor

40、ding to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.3. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologles.C. Provide tips on repairing their c

41、ars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.4. What is the best title for the text?A. A new Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC. Driving Services for EldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road6、Family. It's just a six-letter word; but to me, it is a word full of emotion and meanin

42、g. From the moment I was bom,my parents showered me with love, and I can ' t ask for anything better than that.As I grow older, the definition of family continues to change. The definition of the word family, in the dictionary, is a group of people related by blood. When I was living in the Phil

43、ippines, this definition was true. I was always surrounded by immediate relatives; every day, someone was always dropping by around the house, even just for a quick greeting. Now here in the U.S., most of my cousins and relatives are in different states. However, I have found a family in people that

44、 are not related to nie by blood, like my best friend and her family, who I consider as the extension of my family. They are now the ones I see everyday.I have also learned that one can have different types of families. My volleyball team is a group of people I consider as family because during each

45、 season, they are the ones that I am around constantly, that I rely on to give support, and that give a helping hand when I need. I like to think that my classmates are another type of family. They help me on both school work and homework and explain concepts that seem foreign to me.Everything start

46、s with the support from my parents. They are the ones who encourage me to meet new people, who drive me to all my games and practices, and who inspire me to try new things. Without my family, an d my “ extended families", I don' t kI nwoowu lwd hbeer.e I amtruly blessed.1. What does the und

47、erlined part in the first paragraph mean?A. I have no right to get better things.B. Love is the best thing I want to get.C. I can ask for anything but that.D. I can get nothing but love.2. From the second paragraph, we can infer that .A. the writer isn't used to living in the USAB. the writer wa

48、s probably bom in the PhilippinesC. the family definition in the dictionary isn't trueD. extended families refer to ones related by blood3. For the writer, the extended family includes the following EXCEPT .A. good friendsB. classmatesC. brothers and sistersD. the volleyball team4. What is the w

49、riter' s attitude towards the family and extended families?A. Interested.B. Thankful.C. Serious.D. Positive.5. What ' s the best title of the text?A. The Definition of FamilyB. The Effects of FamilyC. A Six-Letter WordD. My Family My Home答案以及解析1 答案及解析：答案： 1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B解析： 1.本文是一篇说明文 ,主要

50、介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候,人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突 ,而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。 细节理解题。 根据文章首段首句 The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups 可知 ,作者 认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选 C。2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中what may be implied is that the person wants the listener toconsider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈

51、话内容。故选 A 。3. 细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知 ,作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病 人。故选 D 。4. 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义,由此判断 B选项可以概括文章内容。故选 B 。考点 :社会生活类短文阅读。2 答案及解析：答案： 1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.推理判断题 .根据第一段的 It rem

52、ains green during the cold, dark months of winter in the northern part of the world. So it is a sign of everlasting We. 可知 ,常青树木在世界北部寒冷、阴 暗的冬季仍然保持绿色。因此 ,它是长寿永生的象征。所以很多美国人为圣诞节购买常青树 木。2. 推理判断题。根据第二段的 Early long ago Romans probably planted evergreen trees during a celebration in honor of their god of a

53、griculture. 可知 ,圣诞树的传统可追溯到古时候。 C 有一定 干扰性 ,罗马人用常青树祭祀农业之神而不是用其他树。3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 The Christmas tree tradition spread to many parts the world. 可 知,现在世界上很多人都用圣诞树庆祝圣诞节.4. 主旨大意题 .文章主要讲了圣诞树背后的一些传统。其他选项只是文章的细节,而不是全文讲述的主旨。3 答案及解析：答案： 1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D解析： 1.本文属于说明文 ,介绍了 BookC 所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体 过程。目的意图题。作者在第

54、一段中提出读书也是一个社交活动,那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容 ,增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出BookC, 说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站BookC 。故 B 正确。2. 代词指代题。根据本句 “ hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and widewith each new reader who finds it 那些留下书”的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更 远。可知其中的 it 指代前半句提到的同一事物 “ the book。”故 A 正确。3. 推理判断题。根据

55、文章第四段最后一句“ the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping abook to gather dust on a shelf at home 让书蒙上尘土”是一种很自私的行为,网站BookC 的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书,所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故 C 项正确。4. 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookC 把人生命中最重要的两个事物 :人和书联系在一起。 D 项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。4 答案及解析：答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析：1.推理判断题 . 根据第一段可知 ,本文是有关办公室内工

56、作人员 ,一天可能仅花 2 分钟的 时间就能避免颈部和肩部的疼痛问题。 且全文也是针对这项内容进行介绍的。 故可确定本文 可能出现在报纸的 “Lifestyle版”面上。故选D项。误解分析 :A 项意为“娱乐”;B项意为“运动”;C 项意为 “商业 ”。2. 细节理解题 . 根据第三段的 “ The study by Danish researchers.可知 ,进行这项”研究的人员 是来自丹麦的 ,故 C 项符合题意 .3. 主旨大意题。 本段内容主要告诉我们参与研究的实验对象以及这些人运动的时间和运用的 具体方法。故 C 项符合题意。4. 推理判断题 . 根据第五段的 “ .the con

57、nection between lower levels of pain and exercise is well-documented, says Lynn Miller,." 以及第六段的第一句可知 ,Lynn Miller 是支持研究结果 的。故 A 项符合题意。误解分析 :supportive 支持的 ;negative 否定的 ,消极的 ;shocked 震惊 的 ;doubtful 怀疑的 .5 答案及解析：答案： 1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D解析： 1.细节理解题。由第一段中的 in order to understand the challenges faced by ol