人教版高中英语必修1核心词汇讲解及训练

1、人教必修1Unit1-Unit5核心词汇梳理Unit 1 Friendshipupset, ignore, concern, settle, suffer, recover, add up, go through, set down, get along with, join in1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打乱（计划等）sth upset sb 某事使某人心烦意乱sb upset sth 某人打 / 弄翻某物upset a plan 打乱计划be upset about / over / at sth 为某事烦心upset ones

2、stomach 使（肠胃）不适eg: His strange behaviour upset his father. Dont upset yourself about the exam. Its upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it. It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house.注：upset为表语形容词，非定语形容词；其过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；现在分词形式为upsetting。2. ignore vt. 不理睬；不顾；忽视ignore

3、sb / sth 不理睬某人 / 某事ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of / about sth 不知道某事ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的be ignorant that 不知道某事be ignorant of / about sth 不知道某事eg: He ignored all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. We cant afford to ignore their advice. Hes completely ignorant about modern t

4、echnology.3. concern n.U关心，担忧 C关心的人或事 vt. 涉及；参与；使担心，使操心It is no concern of mine / yours.concerned adj. 关心的，关切的，担忧的；焦虑的（位于名词之前）；相关的（位于名词之后）as / so far asbe concerned 就而言；依之见be concerned about / for sth 担心；关心be concerned in / with 与有关be concerned over / at sth 为某事忧虑concern oneself about / for 担忧；关心con

5、cerning prep. 关于；有关eg: There is growing concern about violence on television. The President is deeply concerned about this issue. He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.注：concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语时意为“相关的；有关

6、的”。另外concerning用作介词时意为“关于；对于”。4. settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决settle down 舒适地坐下（或躺下）；定居；安静 / 平静下来settle in / into 习惯于；适应settle on 选定，决定settle up 付清账单 settled adj. 稳定的；舒适自在的settlement n. 协议，定居点eg: The company has agreed to settle out of court. Its all settled were leaving on the nine oclock plane

7、. I settled her on the sofa and put a blanket over her.5. suffer vt. 遭受，蒙受；后跟pain / defeat / loss / poverty / hunger / punishment / hardship以及表示疾病的词。 vi. 后常跟介词from，表示“受折磨；受之苦，患某种疾病”。sufferer n. 患病者，受苦者，受难者suffering n. （肉体或精神上遭受的）痛苦，疼痛eg: Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.

8、 He suffered a massive heart attack. The Republican Party has just suffered a huge defeat in the polls recently.6. recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得recover form 康复，恢复recover oneself 恢复常态recovery n. 恢复，改善eg: Liu Xiang is still recovering from his operation. It took her a few minutes to recover conscious

9、ness. She has made a full recovery from her illness.7. add up 合计addin 把加进去；包括addon (to) 附加，加上addto 在中加上add to 增加；加强（多用于抽象意义）add up to 总计；总共（不用于被动语态）in addition 另外in addition to 除之外eg: The numbers add up to exactly 100. Remember to add in the cost of drinks. A service charge of 15% was added on to th

10、e bill.8. go through 经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完go after 追赶go against 违反，与不符go ahead 先走；开始做；着手干go by 逝去，过去go off 离开；爆炸go on 继续；上场；流逝go over 检查pass through 走过；路过live through 经历look through 浏览；往里面看pull through （大病、手术后）康复eg: I always start the day by going through my e-mail. Hes amazingly cheerful considering all

11、 hes gone through. Things will get easier as time goes by.9. set down 放下；记下；登记set about (doing sth) 着手（做某事）set out (to do sth) 开始，着手（做某事）set aside 留出；不顾set back （把钟等）往回拨；推迟set free 释放；解放set off 动身，出发；使爆炸set out 动身，出发；着手；安排，组织set up 开办；建立；设立set an example 树立榜样set fire to = on fire 纵火烧eg: Passengers m

12、ay be set down and picked up only at the official stops. The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks. We need to set about finding a solution.注：set about和set out都可作“开始着手做某事”讲，但set about后加doing sth，而set out后加to do sth。10. get along with 与相处；进展get along with sb 同某人相处 get along wit

13、h sth 某事进展 / 进行get about / around （消息）传开getacross 讲清楚；（使）被领会get away from 离开；脱身getback 收回，找回getdown 记下来；使悲伤 get down to 认真做，开始着手做 get in 到达；收割 get on 上车 / 船 / 飞机；继续进行；相处 get over 克服；摆脱 get rid of 消灭，摆脱，除掉 get through （电话）接通；用完；通过 get together 聚会，联欢eg: Shes never really got on well with her sister. I

14、m not getting on very fast with this job. Its time I got down to thinking about that essay. Your meaning didnt really get across.11. join in 参加；加入 join up 入伍，参军 join up with (sb) （与某人）联合，会合 join hands (with sb)（与某人）拉起手；合伙，联合 辨析join / join in / take part in / attend / participate： join表示“加入党派、组织、社团、俱

15、乐部”等，如join the Party / Youth League / army / club /organization。 join in表示“参加正在进行的活动”，如join in a game / discussion / conversation / walk。亦可说：join sb in (doing) sth。 take part in表示“参加会议、活动”，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，part前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词，如take (an active) part in a party / school activities / physical labour。 atte

16、nd表示“出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，上课，上学，听报告”，如attend a meeting / a sports meeting / a concert / a show / school / a lecture。 participate为正式用语，和介词in连用，表示积极地参与。eg: She listens but she never joins in. Our teacher often joins us in singing and dancing. How many countries took part in the 29th Olympic Games in Be

17、ijing? Our children attend the same school.Unit 2 English around the worldnative, base, command, request, recognize, block, because of, come up, such as, play a role / part in,1. native adj. 本国的；本地的；天赋的 n. 本地人；本国人be native to 原产于某地的，土生土长的be a native of 土生土长的本地人go native 入乡随俗，同化native art / dance / p

18、eoples土著艺术、舞蹈 / 民族native wit / intelligence 与生俱来的机智 / 才智eg: The tiger is native to India. He is a native of Beijing. You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.2. base vt. 以为根据 n. 基部；基地；基础base sth on / upon sth 以为基础（或根据）base sb / sth / oneself in 以为据点（或总部等），把（总部等）设在the b

19、ase of a column / glass / pyramid 柱基 / 玻璃杯底 / 金字塔底座a military / naval base 军事 / 海军基地based adj. （以某事）为基础 / 根据的baseless adj. 无根据的；无缘无故的basement n. 地下室eg: What are you basing this theory on? They decided to base the new company in New York. The town is an ideal base for touring the area.3. command n. C

20、 命令，指令 U掌握 vt. 命令，指挥，支配；博得；赢得at sbs command 听某人指挥under ones command 由指挥under the command of sb 在指挥之下have (a) command of 掌握；精通（尤指语言）take command of 控制(be) in command of 掌握，控制command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事command that (should) do 命令eg: The police arrived and took command of the situation.Applicants will

21、 be expected to have (a) command of English. The commission intervened and commanded that work on the building cease.注：command后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式是should + 动词原形或省略should。4. request n.&vt. 请求；要求make (a) request for 请求；要求at sbs request = at the request of sb应某人之要求by request (of) 照需要；依照请求；

22、应邀on request 一经要求request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事request that sb (should) do sth 请求request sth from / of sb 向某人请求某物It is requested that 据要求eg: He was there at the request of his manager. She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision.You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.常用虚拟语气的动词

23、口诀：一坚持insist；二命令order，command；三建议advise，suggest，propose；四要求ask，demand，request，require。5. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认recognize sb / sth by / from 根据认出某人 / 某事（物）be recognized to be / as 被认作/被认为是It is recognized that 人们公认recognition n. 认识；认出out of / beyond recognition 认不出来eg: Drugs were not recognized to be /

24、 as a serious problem then. It was recognized that this solution could only be temporary. The book is now recognized as a classic.6. block n. 大块；大楼；街区；一批，一组 v. 阻塞，挡住a block of ice / concrete / stone 一大块冰 / 混凝土 / 石头a tower block 高层建筑an office block 办公大楼a block of shares 一大宗股份block off 封锁，堵住block out

25、挡住，遮住block up 塞住，封住blockfrom 阻止做eg: His apartment is three blocks away from the police station. The main roads of the city have been blocked off. The fallen trees blocked us from going into the flooded area.注：表示“阻止做”的动词有：block; (from) / prevent; (from) / stop; (from)/ ban; (from)/ keepfrom7. because

26、 of 因为；由于 because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词；because是连词，后跟从句。辨析because of / owing to / due to / on account of / thanks to：这五个短语都有“由于、因为”的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可接从句。 because of意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中一般作状语。 owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，作表语或状语。 due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中常作表语、状语。作状语时与owing to同义，但due to一般不置于句首。 on account of与b

27、ecause of，owing to同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语。 thanks to只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻中的“感谢”）。eg: Liu Xiang gave up the competition because of his injury. The game was cancelled owing to heavy rain. The teams success was largely due to her efforts. It was a great success thanks to a lot of hard work.8

28、. come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；（太阳、月亮等）升起come up with 想出；提出come about 发生come across 穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现(=come upon)come along 一道来；一起去；进步；赶快come back 回来；记起come on (风、雨等)到来；(演员)出场；赶快；得了吧come out 出版；出来，出现；结果是come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到eg: The daffodils are just beginning to come up. The subject came up in conversation.

29、 She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.注：come up含有“被提出”之意，以物作主语，此时不用被动语态；而come up with意为“提出，想出”，其主语是人。I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.9. such as 例如；像这种的辨析such as / for example / that is / and so on： such as用来列举事物。通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面，意思是“比如；诸如之类的”，也与like互

30、换，as后面不能有逗号。 for example起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多内容中仅举一个或少数几个例子，可位于句首、句中或句末，意思是“例如；举个例子”。 that is是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely，意思是“即，也就是说”。 and so on对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了，意思是“等”。eg: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. It is possible to combine Compute

31、r Science with other subjects, for example, Physics. We discussed everything when to go, what to see and so on.10. play a role / part in 在中担任角色；在中起作用play an important role / part in 在方面起重要作用play the role of sb = play / act the part of sb （在剧中）扮演某人的角色play the leading role 起主要（带头）作用eg: Clowns play an

32、important role in a circus. She plays an active part in local politics. The media play a major role in influencing peoples opinions.11. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. more than + 数词，表示“超过，多于”。 more than + 名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”。 more than + 形容

33、词 / 副词，表示“非常，十分”，与very同义。 more than之后接含有can的从句时，常表示否定意义。此时，从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词，并且与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系。 morethan意为“与其不如；是而不是”，表示自身的比较。 no more than = only意为“只有，仅仅”；not more than常用于数词之前，意为“至多，不超过”，其意义相当于at（the）most。eg: There is room for no more than three cars. She was far more intelligent than her sister. Im

34、more than happy to take you there in my car. It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident.Unit 3 Travel Journalprefer, persuade, determine, view, change ones mind, give in, no matter how1. prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）prefer sth 更喜欢prefer (sb) to do sth 更喜欢（某人）做prefer that 更

35、喜欢that从句中常用(should+动词原形)prefer sth / doingto sth / doing与相比更喜欢；宁愿，不愿prefer to dorather than do 宁可也不preference n. 偏爱；爱好；喜爱give preference to sb / sth 给以优惠；优待in preference to sb / sth 而不是eg: I prefer playing in defense. I would prefer that you (should) not mention my name. He prefers to stay at home r

36、ather than go shopping. She was chosen in preference to her sister as a volunteer of the Beijing Olympic Games.注：在prefer to结构中，to后接动词原形；在preferto结构和preference构成的短语中to都为介词。2. persuade vt. 劝说；说服persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth = persuade sb out of doin

37、g sth说服某人不做某事try to persuade sb to do sth (= advise sb to do sth)尽力劝说某人做某事（但未劝服）persuade sb of sth 使某人相信persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念辨析advise / persuade：advise表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而persuade强调“已经说服”；advise既可接动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可接that引导的宾语从句（必须用虚拟语气should + 动词原形），而persuade不能。eg: Try to persua

38、de him to come. I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition. I am still not fully persuaded of the plans advantage.注：You can advise him but you may not persuade him.3. determine vt.&vi. 决定；确定；（使）下定决心determine + n. / pron. 决（确）定determine to do sth 决定做某事（表示动作，非延续性动词短语）determine

39、on / upon 决定determine that / what 决定determine sb to do sth 使某人决定做某事determine sb against sth 使某人决定不做某事be determined to do sth 决心做某事（表示状态可与表示时间段的状语连用）determined adj. 坚决的，有决心的determination n. 决心eg: We determined to leave at once. His advice determined me to delay no more. I am determined to find out wh

40、o is responsible for this.注：determine to do sth在词义上等于be determined to do sth。但前者强调动作，后者强调状态。类似的短语还有：prepare for / be prepared for， worry about / be worried about。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。4. view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解 vt. 观看；注视；考虑in ones view 在某人看来come into view 进入视野，看得见in full view (of sb / sth) 完全看得见in view of sth

41、 鉴于，考虑到，由于with a view to sth / to doing sth 为了，指望eg: We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere.How do you view your position in the company?In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing.5. change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind 下决心，决定bear / keepin mind 记住havein mind 考虑；打算call / bring

42、sth to mind 回忆起某事fix ones mind upon 把注意力集中在be of one / the same mind 对意见一致be out of ones mind 发狂，发疯eg: Have you made up your minds where to go for your honeymoon?She couldnt call to mind where she had seen him before.He will bear the beautiful girl in mind forever.6. give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交give in to sb

43、 对某人让步give away 赠送；泄露；出卖give back 归还give off 放出；散发出（液体、气体、气味、能量、热量、光、声音）give out 分发；用完，筋疲力尽give up 放弃；停止；认输；把送交give over 移交give way to 给让路；对让步eg: The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers demands.He gave away most of his money to charity.After a month their food supplies gav

44、e out.7. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 在“主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + 不定式”结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。 使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：a. 不定式作状语修饰作表语的形容词；b. 不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 不定式作定语时，当在句子中能找到不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，这时不定式可用主动形式表示被动含义。eg: It

45、s a difficult question to answer. Tom is easy to please. Harry Potter is interesting to read.8. A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. no matter how引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么”，how后紧跟形容词或副词，此处相当于however + 形容词 / 副词。疑问词-ever和no matter + 疑问词 whatever，whichever，whoever，whomev

46、er可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时，可以换成no matter what / which / who / whom，位置可以在主句前或后。 wherever，whenever，however常引导让步状语从句，可以换成no matter where / when / how，可以防在主句前或后。 however引导让步状语从句常与倒装结合起来。这时，however起双重作用，一是引导让步状语从句，二是修饰某一个形容词或副词，而这个形容词或副词要紧接在它之后。eg: Whoever says that is a liar. （主语从句） Wherever she

47、goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. （让步状语从句）She has the window open, however cold it is outside. （让步状语从句）Unit 4 Earthquakesburst, ruin, injure, bury, judge, right away, at an end, a number of, It seems as if1. burst vt.&vi. （使）爆裂；（使）裂开；突然出现；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发burst out 突然迸发；爆发burst ou

48、t doing sth = burst into + n. 突然起来be bursting to do sth 渴望，急着要做（某事） burst in / into 闯进，突然破门而入burst with anger / grief / joy 勃然大怒 / 心痛欲绝 / 乐不可支eg: The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 29th Beijing Olympic Games caused bursts of applause.She was bursting to tell him the good news.Th

49、e boy burst into tears on seeing the big dog.2. ruin n. U毁坏；毁灭，崩溃 C(Pl.)废墟、遗址 v. （使）破产，（使）堕落，毁灭be in ruins 成为废墟be the ruin of 成为毁灭（堕落）的原因bring sb to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产come / fall to / into ruin 毁灭；崩溃；破坏掉ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health / fame 破坏某人的健康 / 名誉eg: The bank stepped in to save the company fr

50、om financial ruin.My new shoes got ruined in the mud.That one mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.辨析destroy，ruin，damage，break，spoil： destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏、毁坏”程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。 ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。 damage是程度较小的“破坏、损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。 break是“破坏、打破、

51、打碎”的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，如石头、玻璃或瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力或习惯等。 spoil“破坏，糟蹋”，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使原事物不再具有原先的特点，宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。3. injure vt. 损害，伤害injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害do an injury to sb 伤害某人injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的the injured 伤员an injured look / expression 委屈的样子 / 表情injured pride / feelings 受到伤害的自尊 / 情感辨析wound，injure，hurt，harm： wound一般指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤，尤指战争、战斗中受伤。 injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤，其宾语常为健康、成