汉英翻译考试复习材料

1、汉英翻译考试复习材料汉英翻译考试复习材料汉语词语和英语词语之间不存在机械的对应，翻译中不能随意把某个汉语词和某个英语词划上等号。发展水平levelofdevelopment英语水平Englishproficiency生活水平livingstandard游泳水平swimmingskills领导水平 art of leadership使你的工作保持在高水平上Keep your work on a high plane.把我们的素质提高到一个新的水平to raise our quality to anew height住房紧张housingshortage历史经验pastexperience这家工厂

2、只有几年的历史。This factorywas set up only a fewyears.他主要抓生产。 He is mainly in charge of production.他抓紧时间进行技术训练。 He lost no time in technical training. 这部电影抓住了许多观众。 The movie appealed to a lotof audience.抓重点 stress the essentials关心人民生活to care about the living of the people关心局势发展 to follow the developments c

3、losely issues of mutual interest共同关心的问题我们关心中国是否能保持持续发展。 whether China will be able toWe would like to knowachieveasustainable2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创1/15development.领导人对两国关系的发展非常关心。 Our leaders have taken interest in the development of our bilateral relations.在这种情况下 under these/such circumst

4、ances; such being the case; in accordance with this specific condition这种情况必须改变。This state of affairs must change.现在情况不同了。Now things are different.他们的情况怎么样？ How do matters stand with them?前线有什么情况？ How is the situation at the front?前面有情况，做好战斗准备。Theres enemy activity ahead.Prepare for combat. 他问起了我的健康情

5、况。 He inquiredaftermyhealth.可是在其他地方，情况却完全两样了。But the pictureoutsidethis place is quite another story.我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。 Wemay go there,but thatdepends. (italldepends.)西方舆 论纷 纷预 测 。 The westernpresshas much tosayinprediction.西部的矿产很丰富。The west of China is rich inminerals.我国的经济建设需要一个和平的国际环境。construction,

6、ChinaneedsapeacefulFor its economic internationalenvironment.如 蒙 早 日 寄 来 样 品 或 产 品 册 ，不 胜 感 激 。 Itwouldbe2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创2/15appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forwarded tous.事实雄辩地证明了 有志 者事竟成 。 The factseloquentlydemonstrate that there is a will, there is a way.语言中的搭配搭配

7、的形式主要是任意的， 并不依赖意义，一种语言内部是这样，同样语言之间也是这样。 通过英汉双语比较可以清楚的观察到这种非对应性。浓茶strongtea浓墨ink浓烟dense smok 浓眉heavyeyebrows1car浓云青山开船thick cloud green hil set sail浓雾 dense fog青天 bluesky 青布 black开机器 start a machinecloth开车drivea上自行车get on a bike上飞机board a plane上山 go up(mount)a hill老毛病a chronicailment老部下a formersubord

8、inate老工人a veteranworker老式样old-fashioned老规矩traditionalrules老菠菜overgrownspinach打灯笼carrya lantern打起精神raise ones spirits打伞hold up an umbrella学习知识acquire(attain)knowledge掌握词汇possessvocabulary掌握英语master English强硬政策tough policy2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创3/15介绍经验pass on experience接受忠告take (accept, adop

9、t ) advice牺牲生命sacrificeones life牺牲假期devote ones holiday实现了自给自足reach self-sufficiency2利用意义与形式都相似的习语翻译这一策略就是利用目的语意义与形式两个方面同原出语中的习语在这两个方面都大致对等的习语进行翻译， 这种对等只可遇而不可求。披着羊皮的狼 a wolf in sheeps clothing混水摸鱼 to fishin troubled waters咬牙切齿to grind ones teeth 找麻烦to look for trouble充耳不闻 to turn a deaf ear to晴天霹雳bo

10、ltfrom the blue 破釜沉舟 toburn ones boats冷若冰霜 ascold as ice泼冷水 to pour cold water on趁热打铁 tostrike while the iron is hot翻开新的一页 to turn over a newleaf火上浇油 to pour oil on the flame骑虎难下 to ride atiger轻如鸿毛 as light as a feather打满分 to give someonefull marks for如坐针毡 to sit on pins and needles铁碗手段with an iron

11、hand以眼还眼，以牙还牙 an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth谋事在人，成事在天 Man proposes, heaven disposes.他们占了三天，不是夹起尾巴逃跑了。 They lastedthree days,then put their2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创4/15tails between their legs and ran!保存原习语的形象在确保不会引起读者错误联想又能传达原义的情况下可以考虑进行异化翻译，从而保留原习语的形象。他一家子在这儿，他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了庙。Es

12、cape?But his homeand propertycant escape.The monkmay run away, but the temple cant run with him.咳！这一来，竹篮子打水一场空了！Ah! We were drawing water in a bamboo basket.哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出The dumb man eats the bitterherb:he had to suffer the bitterness of it in silence.瞎子点灯白费蜡 as useless as a blind man lighting a candl

13、e 丈八的台灯照见人家，照不见自己 a ten-foot lamp stand that sheds light on others but none on itself出生牛犊不怕虎。New-born calves make little of tigers.盲人国中，独眼称雄。In the countryof the blindthe one-eyedman is king.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。As long as green hills remains,there ll never be a shortage of firewood.利用目的语中意义相同形象不同的习语翻译在目的语中找

14、到意义相同但形式不同的习语往往是可能的。金蝉脱壳 throwsb offthe scent健壮如牛 as strongas a horse掌2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创5/15上明珠 theapple of ones eye 昭然若揭 as clearas the sun atmidday 木已成舟 What s been done can t be undone.血流如注bleed like a pig本末倒置 put the cart before the horse一贫如洗 as poor as Church mouse外柔内刚 an iron fis

15、t in avelvet glove鬼鬼祟祟 in this hole-andcorner fashion占上风 get the upper hand丁是丁，卯是卯 put on the screws 虚张声势 cry wolf入乡随俗 do as the Romans do非驴非马neither fish nor fowl天涯何处无芳草There are many fish in the sea.江山易改，本性难移The leopard cant change its spots.3人以类聚，物以群分likeattractslike;birdsofa featherflocktogether

16、欲加治罪，何患无词A stickisquicklyfound tobeat a dog with.亡羊补牢Shut the stable door when the horsehas bolted只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 One manmaysteal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.欲盖弥彰 To try to put a patch upon it and be worse off.一个和尚挑水吃， 两个和尚抬水吃， 三个和尚没水吃。 Oneboy isa boy, two boys half a boy, three

17、 boys no boy.进行解释性翻译汉语习语在英语中可能找不到对等语，或者于原出语与目的语对2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创6/15于文体偏好的差异， 运用习语性语言翻译就会不得体，在这种情况下运用解释性翻译是迄今为止最常见的翻译方法。鸦雀无声 to beutterly quiet扬眉吐气 to feel proud and elated单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth.畏首畏尾over-cautious万古流芳 will be remembered throughout the age做工精细fine workman

18、ship家喻户晓to be widely known杞人忧天unnecessary anxiety相形见绌pale by comparison功败垂成 suffer defeat on the verge of victory前功尽弃 all one s previous efforts wasted饱经风霜weather-beaten碰一鼻子灰being snubbe4塞翁失马，安知非福？A loss may turn out to be a gain.不到黄河心不死not stop until one reaches ones goal但我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。But ther

19、e had beentoo much publicity about my case.省略性翻译汉语中有大量的四字语，属于并列的对偶结构。对此类汉语习语通常可采用节译法，即省去并列重复的部分， 保留它的 基本 喻意。深情厚意profoundfeeling精疲力竭exhaustion愁眉苦脸gloomyface不学无术uneducated2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创7/15长吁短叹sign deeply断子绝孙die sonless赤手空拳bare-handed铺天盖地overwhelmingly如胶似漆dote on each other土崩瓦解fall a

20、part街谈巷议street gossip高谈阔论speak with fervor and assurance应探索各种途径和手段促进儿童的语言发展。Various channels should be explored to promote the language development of children. 他们要到海外看望家人和亲属。 They are going to visit their relatives overseas.我们要建立充满生机与活力的经济结构。We will establish avigorous economic structure.为了确保这两种产品顺

21、利转换和成功交接，科研人员将继续与企业合作。The scientific the enterprise toresearchers ensure thatwill continue to cooperate with the transfer of the two productsproceeds smoothly.这家航空公司需要加强改进和完善运行机制。Theairlinecompanyshould makeintensiveeffortsto changetheirway ofoperation.中国的熊猫保护区China sPandaReserves英语中有些名词既可以用作可数名词又可用

22、作不可数名词，翻译时尤其要注意。对失败一方来说，讲和条件通常是苛刻的。The (terms; term) of the peace were usually hard for the2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创8/15defeated side.多年的教学经验，帮助我改变了主意。Years ofteaching (experiences;experience)has helped meto change my mind.我想今后不会有太多的金融机构破产，也许就没有了。Idon texpecttoseetoomany (bankruptcycases;bank

23、ruptcies)of financialfirmsin the future,and maybetherewill be none.在他的干预下，进行了不少盲目的重复建设。Under his indiscriminateintervention and duplicatedtherehave(constructions;beenalotofconstructionprojects)汉语没有时和体的形式范畴， 不是通过改变动词的形式来表达时和体的区别。如有必要时间参照是通过增加一些副词的方式表达出来。当语境要求把时间关系清楚地表达出来时，汉语的典型表达方式可以通过以下例句显示出来。他现在在北京

24、工作。 He is working inPeking.他当时在北京工作。 He was working in Peking.这一吸引人的黑白相间的动物为人们所广泛地喜爱。作为世界自然基金会的标记，熊猫已经成为中国和国际性自然保护努力的象征。This attractive black and white mammalhas widespread human appeal and has become a symbol for conservation efforts bothwithin China and internationally as the symbol of 52016 全新精品资

25、料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创9/15The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).如果她更用功些，她就会学得更好。She(isgoing to;will)dobetterinher studiesifshe worksharder.电影已经开始十分钟了。The film has been on for ten minutes.已经上课十分钟了。The class has been going on for ten minutes.那本英语书他已丢了三天了。He lost his English book three days ago.图书馆已经开门半

26、小时了。The library has been open for half an hour.中国人民不用多久就会变得富裕起来。Itwont be long before the Chinese people becomewell off.我们某些产品应该说已经达到先进水平。Some ofour products oughtto be said tohave reachedadvanced levels.等我们的老师从国外回来，我们就要做完我们的工作了。We shall have finished our work by the time our teacherreturns from abr

27、oad. xx 年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。 In the past twenty years, the Chinese scientists have done great service to their motherland.这项工作完成多久了。How long has the work been done?他遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。He was laughed at by his neighbors.2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创10/15希望你有机会来中国访问。It is hoped that you will have achance to

28、visit China. The construction这座桥将在今年年底建成。of the bridgewillbe completedby the endof this year.有些问题还需要澄清。Certain questions have yetto be clarified.这个问题正在研究。The problem is now beingstudied.中美已经建立了外交关系。Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.口试时，问了十个问题，她

29、都答对了。She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answeredevery one of them correctly.来宾请出示入场券。Visitors arerequested to show their tickets.请你 给我 们表演 一个节 目。 You arerequestedtogiveaperformance.请全系教师和干部于星期三下午二时在会议室集合，听报告。Allteachersand cadres of the Department are requested tomeet in the conference

30、 room at 2:00 on Wednesday to hear aspeech.应该说，情况基本上是健康的。It should be said that thesituation is basically sound.据谣传，那场事故是于玩忽职守而造成的。 It rumored that the accident was due to negligence.与语法有关的其他翻译问题一、及物与不及物咱们吃饭去吧。2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创11/156Lets go and eat.Lets go and eat our meal. 他们在读书。 The

31、y are reading.They are reading books.我们要在音乐会上演唱。Were going to sing at the concert.We re going to sing songs at the concert.Have you paid money? Have you paid yet?你付钱了吗？因此在这个问题上我重复了这么多遍以后，我今天实在不想再讲了。Butafter(repeating;repeatingmy answer; repetitions)somany timeson thequestion,I m reallyveryreluctantt

32、o talkabout it any more today.在亚洲的金融风暴当中，对香港的影响在今年已经陆续显现了，尤其是在今年的上半年。Theeffecton HongKong of the financialcrisisin SoutheastAsia has begun (to beshown; toshow), especially in thefirsthalf of this year.Ifthey insist如果今年再提出来，我想也不会有别的结果。on (re-submitting;re-submittingthe draft)this year, I dont see any

33、 different outcome.二、比较句型今年的产量比去年高。Thisyear s outputis greaterthan thatof lastyear.Thisyear s output is greater than last year.2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创12/15中国的人均农业土地面积比不上世界上其他许多国家。Chinas per Capita agriculturalland cannot compare withmany other countries in the world.Chinas per Capita agricu

34、lturalland cannot compare withthat of many other countries in the world.不会取得过去七次会议上的那种结果。Thepreviousoutcomes would not be different from those seven times. The outcomes would not be differentofthefromthe previous seven times.学习外语的方法和学习游泳的方法一样，必须把实践放到第一位。Theway oflearningforeignlanguagesisthesame asl

35、earning swimming. Practice must be put first.The way of learning foreign languages is the same as thatof learning swimming. Practice must be put first.三、逐词对译与语法冲突 欢迎你参加我们商品交易会。 Welcome you to visit out trade fair! Welcome to our trade fair!店主让我父亲一天干16 个小时的活。The shop-owner let father work 16 hours a

36、day.7The shop-owner made father work 16 hours a day.作为一个世界贸易组织，缺乏中国，没有中国的参加，我看他很难发挥作为一个世界贸易组织的应有作用。2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创13/15As a world trade organization, I think, WTO without theparticipation of China will be hard to play its due role.As a world trade organization, I think, WTO without theparticipationof Chinawillfindithard to playitsdue role.因为一连几天在下雨，他只得待在家里。Havingrainedforsuccessivedays, he had to stay at home.As it had rained for successive days, he had to stay at home.一到北京，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。Onairport.arriving at Beijing, my friend was waiting On arriving at Beijing, I