2022年2022年文体学课堂总结

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载brief summary of stylisticsgeneralstylisticsis the sciencewhich explores how readers interact with the languages of textsinordertoexplainhowwe understand and are affected by texts when精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载we read them. the stylistic mainly concerns about the examination of grammar

2、、 lexis、 semantics、 as well as phonological properties and discursivedevices. it s developing and not cometo maturity now.according to different standards、the stylistics mainly divide into two major types ： linguistic stylistics and literary stylistics. and there are many school of stylistics such a

3、s lingvo-stylistics、 literary stylistics、 applied stylistics、 contrastivestylistics、 applied stylistics and so on.in the basic notions of stylistics、 the通述文体学为为一门教我们怎么更好的使用语言的一门学科,主要关注语法,词汇,语义,语音特点和表达手段； 文体学目前为不完善的,处于进展阶 段；依据不同的标准,文体学分为两大 类：一般文体学和文学文体学.并且文体学有很多不同的学派,如形式文体 学,话语文体学,文学文体学,应用精品学习资料精选学习资

4、料 - - - 欢迎下载文体学,社会文体学,认知文体学,比较文体学等；在文体学的基本概念中,expressive means and the stylistic devices should be noticed. expressive means of thelanguage areunitsofdifferent languagelevels: phonetic、 morphological、 word-building、syntactic、lexical、 phraseological、which serve the purpose of logical and emotional in

5、tensification of theutterances. astylistic device isa generalized pattern、whichactivates a conscious and intentional intensification of a certain property of a languageunit、 designed toachieve a particular artistic effect.stylistics origins from the ancient classicalrhetoric、 especiallythe rhetoric

6、of aristotle. but the modern stylistics roots in russian formalism and therelatedpragueschooloftheearly twentieth century. in the early twentieth century、 the famous person of stylistics is charles bally and inthe late twentieth century is roman jakobson.值得留意的为表达方式和文体手段；表达方式为表述特定内容所使用的特定的语言方法,手段；文体手

7、段为达成特定的艺术成效所普遍认可的特定组合；文体学起源于古老的经典修辞学, 特殊为亚里士多德的修辞论.但现代文体学起源于俄罗斯的形式主义和20 世纪早期的相关的布拉格学派；20 世纪精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载早期的代表人物为法国的巴特利,20世纪晚期的就为罗曼雅各布森；it is clear that the stylistics has much contacts with rhetoric、.rhetoric is the art of discourse、 an art that aims to improve the capability ofwriters ors

8、peakersto inform、persuade、or motivate particular audiencesin specific situations. its best known definition comes fromaristotle、 who considers ita counterpart of bothat least the middle kingdom period .the egyptians held eloquent speaking in high esteem、 and it was a skill that had a very high value

9、 in their society.文体学和修辞学密不行分；修辞,为依据题旨情形,运用各种表现手段方法,对语言材料进行加工,提高语言表达成效的一种活动,而讨论这种提高语言表达成效规律的科学,就叫做修辞学；西方修辞学进展史上,真正将修辞界定为一门学科的人为亚里士多德,他将修辞学界定为”在每一精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载logic and politics、 and calls i“tthe faculty件 事 上 发 现 可 用 的 说 服 手 段 的 能精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载ofobservinginan

10、ygivencase the available means of persuasio”n.rhetoricabout the history of rhetoric、 rhetoric has its origins in mesopotamia. and in ancient egypt、 rhetoric had existed since力；”修辞学修辞起源于美索不达米亚.在古埃及,修辞学自中王国时期就存在,古埃及人关注雄辩,认为修辞学在社会生活精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载中具有重大价值；the “egyptian rules of rhetoric” alsostu

11、dy manifested in the establishmentof departments of rhetoric and speech at academic institutions、 as well as the formation of national and international professional organizations.埃及的修辞原就明确定义：知道什精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载clearly specified tha“tknowing when not么时候不说话为必不行少的,而且了精品学习

12、资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载to speak is essential、and very respected、解特别受人敬重和修辞的学问. 古埃精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载rhetorical knowledge”.their “approach及的修辞手法为雄辩和聪明的缄默的精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载to rhetoric ” was thus a “ balance between eloquence and wise silence”.their rules of speech also str

13、ongly emphasized “ adherence to social behaviors that support a conservative status quo” and they held that “ skilled speech should support、 not question、平稳；他们演讲的原就强调坚持保持 现状的社会行为,并且他们认为好的 演讲应当为受人支持的,有利于社会 的,而不为被人质疑的；在古中国, 修辞回溯到中国的哲学家孔子和他的 追随者；在古希腊,最早涉及的为河 马的伊利亚特； 20 世纪见证了修辞学精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载so

14、ciety”.in ancient china、 rhetoric dates的再次兴起；当代学者连续在数世纪精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载backtothechinesephilosopher、 confucius. in ancient greece、 the earliest mentionoforatoricalskilloccursin homer's iliad. at the turn ofthe 20th century、 there was a revival of rhetorical的修辞传统上添砖加瓦

15、,重新说明修辞学来说明人类沟通的重要性精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载persuasive arguments;memory theprocess oflearning and memorizing the speech and persuasive messages.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载rhetoric typically provide heuristics for understanding discovering and developing arguments for particular situations.and we should kn

16、ow the aristotlesthree persuasive audience appeals: logos、 pathos、 and ethos.and the five canons of rhetoric: invention、arrangement、 style、 memory、 and delivery.inventiontheprocess ofdeveloping arguments;style determining howtopresent the arguments;arrangement organizing the arguments for extreme ef

17、fect;delivery the gestures、 pronunciation、 tone andpaceusedwhenpresenting the修辞学通常供应在特定条件下,关于懂得,认知和论据的探究法.关于修辞,我们需要知道亚里士多德的修辞学三种劝告方式:规律诉求,情感诉求,人格诉求,以及修辞五艺 :取材,布局谋篇, 朗诵法, 表达技巧,默记：取材建立论据的过程；表达技巧如何表述布局谋略打算如何表达论据；朗诵法手势,发音,语调,表达论据的步骤；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载possessed、 possessor精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载默记学习和

18、记忆演讲信息的过程grammarthe system of transitivity is a particular grammatical facility used for capturing experience in languageis the system of transitivity.in this system、it contain six processthe participant :material processes actor、 goalmental processes senser、 phenomenon behavioural processes behaver

19、processes of verbalization sayer、 verbiage、 receiverrelational processescarrier、attribute、identified、identifier、existential processes existent语法及物性系统为一个语义系统,他把人们的体会表达出来,并指明过程所涉及的参加者和环境成分；在这个系统中,分为六个过程类型括号内为其参加者 ：物质过程（动作着,目标）,心理过程（感觉者,现象）,行为过程（行为者） 、言语过程（说话者,说话内容,受话者） ,关系过程（载体,属性,被识别者,识别者,精品学习资料精选学习资

20、料 - - - 欢迎下载被占有者,占有者）存在过程（存在物）；abasicmodelofgrammarshould contain:sentence or clause complex、 clause、phrase or group、 word、morpheme.four basic elements of clause structu：re the subject s、the predicator p、 the complement c and the adjunct a. an spca pattern ；we should notice that spca is the basic pa

21、ttern of clause structure. but other types are existing such asimperative clauses、interrogative clauses、 and declarative clauses.to test forthe subject、complementandadjunct elementsof clausestructure、 we can ask various questions around the verb.语法的基本模型应当包含：句子,从句,词组,单词,语素；句子结构的四个基本要素：主语,谓语, 补语, 修饰语；

22、值得留意的为主谓补修为基本结构,但为其他类型也存在,例如祈使句, 疑问句和陈述句；而且要检验句子的精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载基本要素,我们可以环绕动词询问一系列问题；stylistic devicesstylistic devices contain:figurative language,sound techniques,structure,irony,registe；rfigurative language uses "figuresof speech" - a way of saying something other than the liter

23、al meaning of the words.simile、 metaphor、 synecdoche、 personification、 apostrophe、 charactonym、 symbol、 imagery、motif、 metonymy、analogy 、 paradox、 pun、 parallelism、hyperbole and so on.文体手段文体手段包括：比如性语言,声音技巧,结果,讽刺,语域；比如性语言使用“修辞格”一种说什么而不为字面意义的方式；明喻,暗喻,提喻,拟人,呼语,个性化诨名,象征,意向,主题,转喻,精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载类

24、比,精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载悖 论 , 双 关 , 排 比 , 夸张 等；sound techniques:it contains: rhyme、 alliteration assonance consonance rhythm onomatopoeiastructureformal structure the forms of a text storyline and plotplot structure flashback frame story foreshadowing allusionironyverbal irony situational irony dra

25、matic irony声音技巧包括：韵脚,头韵,元韵,尾韵,韵律,拟声；结构形式结构,故事线情节,倒叙,框架故事,伏笔,典故.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载purposes； ithastwomainguises、精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载讽刺言语反讽, 情形反讽, 戏剧反讽register dictionsyntax voice toneliterary stylisticsthemodernliterarystylisticis established by charles bally. spitzer is the father of literary

26、 stylistic.itshouldbenoticedthatthe foregroundingisproposedfirstby mukarovsky of the prague group.it refers to a form of textual patterning which is motivated specifically for literary-aestheticforegroundingas deviation fromanorm and foregrounding as more of the same.语域措辞,句法,语态,语气；文学文体学现代文体学创始人为法国文体

27、学家巴利、德国文体学家斯皮泽被普遍尊为文学文体学之父 .值得留意的为突出”一词第一为由布拉格学提出的,国内也有学者译成“前景化”；用特定方法突出以达到某种文学审美成效；通常表现为与众不同和老调重弹；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载to the way character is developed through andbythesemanticprocesses and participant roles embodied innarrative discourse.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载and the structuralist poetician ro

28、man jakobson proposes a model of languagewhich comprises six key function：sthe emotive function the conative function the referential function the poetic function the phatic functionthe metalingual functionstylistic analysisnarrativesprincipalmodeofnarrative characterisation isthetransmission of闻名诗学

29、家雅各布森提出了话语的六大功能 :表情功能意动功能指称功能组诗功能人际功能评释功能文体学分析记述文叙事特点的主要模式为行为和大事的传送；角色为按语义过程和叙事精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载 actions and events . this mode r话efe语rs中的参加者角色进展的；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载the stylistic analysis of poem mainly study from two ways: the relevant information and the structure style.the relevant inf

30、ormation:title、 author、 writing year、 subject matter.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载planes of point of view in narrative fiction point of view on the ideological plane point of view on the temporal plane point of view on the spatial planepoint of view on the psychological planethe analytical procedure of narratives: source、 author style、 theme narrative perspectivelanguage feature（ sentence structure,vocabulary,） logical characteristicscon