2015年北京高考英语试题解析(含精校试题+解析)

1、 2012年课标全国卷高考真题解析样稿示例第一节 单项填空21. a9 【2015·课标北京卷】 _ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up every early. a. catching b. caughtc. to catch d. catch【答案与解析】c 考查非谓语动词。根据语境，“为了赶上早航班， 我们提前订了出租车”，用不定式表示目的，此处需要目的状语。所以，选c。22. a11 【2015·课标北京卷】 did you enjoy the party?yes, we _well b

2、y our hosts. a. were treatedb. would be treatedc. treatedd. had treated【答案与解析】a 考查动词时态和语态。根据上下文，这里谈的事举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，再加上“我们是被主人招待的”，所以综合考虑，这里需要用过去时的被动式，选a. 23. a9【2015·课标北京卷】 the park was full of people, _ themselves in the sunshine. a. having enjoyedb. enjoyedc. enjoyingd. to enjoy【答案与解析】c 考查非

3、谓语动词。enjoying为现在分词做状语，充当句子的伴随状语，与前面的people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。所以选c。24. a15【2015·课标北京卷】 opposite is st. pauls church, _ you can hear some lovely music. a. whichb. thatc. whend. where【答案与解析】d 考查定语从句。空格前面是一个表示地点的专有名词st. pauls church，其后的定语从句中有主语和谓语，缺失的是表示地点的状语，相当于“在这个教堂里”，所以选d。25. a6 【2015·课标北京卷】he is

4、a shy man, _ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. a. so b. butc. ord. as 【答案与解析】b 考查并列句的连接词。根据语境，“他是个腼腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人”。 but用来连接并列但语义对比的两个句子。26. a11【2015·课标北京卷】 in the last few years, china _ great achievements in environmental protection. a. has mad b. had made c. was makingd. is making【答案与

5、解析】a 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the last few years可知，在最近的几年里，是从过去到现在的情况，所以用现在完成时。27. a11 【2015·课标北京卷】did you have any difficulty finding anns house?not really. she _ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. a. was to giveb. had given c. was giving d. would give【答案与解析】b 考查动词时态。根据问话中的过去时判断，an

6、n告诉方向应该是在找到她家之前，也就是过去的过去，所以适合用过去完成时。28. a14【2015·课标北京卷】you wont find paper cutting difficult _ you keep practicing it. a. even thoughb. as long as c. as if d. ever since【答案与解析】b 考查状语从句。even though=even if“即使”，引导让步状语从句；as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句，相当于if；as if=as though“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；ever since“自从”，

7、引导时间状语从句。本句意思是只要坚持练习，剪纸就不难。所以选b。29. a10 【2015·课标北京卷】 cant you stay a little longer?its getting late. i really _ go now. my daughter is home alone.a. may b. canc. mustd. dare【答案与解析】c 考查情态动词用法。“天晚了，所以必须走”。 may可能，can能，可以，must必须，dare敢于。30. a11 【2015·课标北京卷】dr. jackson is not in his office at th

8、e moment. all right. i _ him later. a. will callb. have calledc. call d. will be calling【答案与解析】a 考查动词时态。根据第一句的时态判断，dr. jackson目前不在办公室，所以打电话时未来的事，选用a。31. a9【2015·课标北京卷】 if _ for the job, youll be informed soon. a. to acceptb. acceptc. acceptingd. accepted【答案与解析】d 考查非谓语动词。本句的主语是you，是被接纳的对象，所以用过去分

9、词表被动。前面的句子相当于”if you are accepted”,也可以视为省略的条件状语从句。32. a14 【2015·课标北京卷】 _ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. a.untilb. unlessc. onced. although【答案与解析】c 考查状语从句。until引导时间状语从句，“直到时候”；unless引导条件状语从句，“除非，如果不”；once引导时间状语从句，“一旦”；although引导让步状语从句，“尽管”。根据语境，这里是说“一旦造成

10、损害，土地要好几年才能恢复”。故选c。33. a13 【2015·课标北京卷】i truly believe _ beauty comes from within. a. that b. wherec. whatd. why 【答案与解析】a 考查名词性从句。believe后为宾语从句，从句中成分齐全，只需要一个连接词即可，所以选a。34. a10 【2015·课标北京卷】if i _ it with my own eyes, i wouldnt have believed it. a. didnt seeb. werent seeingc. wouldnt seed. h

11、adnt seen 【答案与解析】d 考查虚拟语气。根据主句的时间推断，这里说的是过去的一件事情。因此，从句也要使用与过去事实相反的一种假设，故选d。35. a13 【2015·课标北京卷】 _ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. a.whereb. howc. why d. when 【答案与解析】b 考查名词性从句。has之前的为句子的主语部分，即主语从句。根据语境，这里想表达“我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系，故选b。 第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文

12、后各题所给的四个选项a、b、 c和d中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。a welcome giftdario and his mother loved their new apartment. the living room was large enough for their piano. that night, the two of them _36_ side by side at the piano. they played jazz music to celebrate their new home. the loud _37_ filled the roo

13、m and made them feel very happy.the next morning, _38_, their happiness disappeared. someone had left a _39_ under their door during the night. one of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano. darios mother asked the building superintendent (管理员) if he knew anything

14、about it. but he said that they were all _40_ people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that. later that morning, dario suggested that they write a letter to their _41_ and apologize for their playing.“maybe we could go and _42_ everyone in person,” his mother said.“what if we invited them

15、to come here for a _43_ instead?” dario asked.they both loved the _44_. over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts _45_ their guests. they decorated the apartment with streams (彩带) and pretty lights.finally, the day of the party _46_. some guests brought presents. others

16、 brought flowers. some even brought desserts to _47_. one woman, mrs. gilbert, _48_ darios mother with a book of piano music by chopin.“i heard you playing the other night,” she said, “the sounds woke me out of bed. i _49_ that you might play like this every night. so i wrote a short note. i hope yo

17、u dont think i disliked the playing.”darios mother smiled at mrs. gilbert. “i think maybe we _50_ you an apology,” she said. “i didnt _51_ how late it was when we were playing. maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”“you play, you play!” mrs. gilbert said. “i like what you play! just not

18、so loud at night.” she pointed to the book she had given them. “these songs are not such _52_ music.”“these songs are beautiful music,” darios mother said. “we will be _53_ to play them in the evening.”“and we wont play so loud or late!” dario said. he was already looking forward to _54_the new musi

19、c. more than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mothers face. it gave him a feeling of _55_ and made him feel that they were home at last.36.a. satb. stoodc. layd. walked37.a. voiceb. ringc. musicd. cry38.a. thereforeb. howeverc. otherwised. instead39.a. noteb. posterc. billd. r

20、eport40.a. proudb. richc. luckyd. nice41.a. neighborsb. friendsc. relativesd. audiences42.a. blameb. instructc. questiond. visit43.a. partyb. concertc. showd. play44.a. experienceb. ideac. performanced. action45.a. tob. withc. ford. from46.a. continuedb. arrivedc. passedd. finished47.a. orderb. sell

21、 c. shared. advertise48.a. treatedb. presentedc. helpedd. served49.a. promisedb. admittedc. agreedd. worried50.a. giveb. sendc. offerd. owe51.a. realizeb. rememberc. understandd. accept52.a. sweetb. strangec. funnyd. loud53.a. braveb. sorryc. happyd. afraid54.a. changing b. practicingc. recordingd.

22、writing55.a. equalityb. freedomc. warmthd. sympathyb1【2015课标北京卷】【要点综述】本文讲述的是邻里冲突的故事。一对母子乔迁新居后的当天晚上一起弹奏钢琴进行庆祝，但第二天早上却收到了邻居充满抱怨的字条。母子商讨，最终决定举办一个聚会向邻居表达歉意。在参加聚会的邻居中，写抱怨字条的女士向母子赠送了一本轻音乐的书，邻里最终皆大欢喜。 36.a 此题考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的play jazz music可知，他们坐下弹奏钢琴。所以选择sat。stood 站；lay 躺；walked 走。 37.c 此题考查名词词义辨析。根据语境中的jazz

23、 music,可知这里就是指爵士乐这种稍响的音乐music。voice 人声；ring 铃声；cry 哭声。 38.b 此题考查副词词义辨析。根据上下句的逻辑关系，他们晚上庆祝的非常开心，第二天这种愉悦消失了。由此推断，选择的是however，然而, 表示前后的转折。therefore因此；otherwise 否则；instead 反而。 39.a 此题考查名词词义辨析。根据语境中的“under their door”和后面文段中的“so i wrote a short note”来判断，门缝下下出现的应该是note，纸条。poster海报；bill 账单；report 报告。 40.d 此题

24、考查形容词词义辨析。此空与空后的语句“he couldnt imagine any of them had done that”形成对比关系，意思是“这里住的都是好人，但无法想象有人干了这件事（写纸条）”由此可以推断修饰people的应该是nice，好。proud骄傲的；lucky幸运的；rich 富有的。41. a 此题考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文，写纸条的是邻居，因此道歉信也应该写给邻居neighbors。friends 朋友；relatives 亲戚；audiences听众，观众。 42. d 此题考查动词词义辨析。根据语境，知道他们要向邻居道歉，所以需要亲自（in person）拜访v

25、isit。blame 责备；instruct指导；question 质疑。 43.a 此题考查名词词义辨析。根据后文46空处信息可知，他们决定改登门拜访为举办聚会party。concert 音乐会；show演出；play 话剧。 44.b 此题考查名词词义辨析。这里是母子在谈论如何向邻居致歉，想出了举办party的主意。因此母子都喜欢这个想法idea。experience经验，经历；performance表演；action行动。45.c 此题考查介词词义辨析。根据语境，他们发出邀请，并为客人们准备了甜点。for，为了。to朝向；with 带有、和；from 从、来自。 46.b 此题考查动词词

26、义辨析。根据语境，准备多日的聚会终于到来了arrived，来到。continued 继续；passed通过，经过；finished 完成。 47.c 此题考查动词词义。根据语境，客人们带来鲜花（给作者和母亲），有的还带来了甜品，当然是和参加聚会的人分享，share。order 订购；sell 卖；advertise 做广告。48.b 此题考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文中写纸条、轻柔音乐等判断，mrs. gilbert赠送给母亲一本肖邦钢琴曲的书，presented，敬献，赠送。treated款待; helped帮助；served 招待，服侍。 49.d 此题考查动词词义辨析。mrs. gilbe

27、rt讲述投诉纸条的事情，当时被dairo家里的琴声吵醒，担心以后会每天都会被吵醒，才写了纸条。她表达的是自己当时的担心worried。promised承诺；admitted承认，容许；agreed赞成。 50.d 此题考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文，mrs. gibert和dario的妈妈冰释前嫌，但dario的妈妈觉得自己深夜弹琴吵醒邻居，仍然欠邻居一个道歉，亏欠owe。give给予；send发送；offer提供。 51.a 此题考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文dario和妈妈的做事方式可知，他们属于素质较高的人群，根绝他们反省自己的弹琴行为给邻居带来麻烦，心怀诚意道歉等细节推断，当时弹琴时对时间

28、没意识到，realize。remember记住；understand 知道；accept接受。52.d 此题考查形容词词义辨析。根据此空前“just not so loud at night.”以及上文“maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”推断书里的音乐应不是特别吵的音乐, loud。sweet甜的，甜美的；strange奇怪的；funny有趣的。 53.c 此题考查形容词词义辨析。文章中双方和解，mrs. gibert还送出了音乐的书以及darios mother 说的“these sounds are beautiful mu

29、sic”，这些都说明dario和妈妈的态度应该很高兴在傍晚弹奏这些音乐，happy。brave勇敢；sorry 抱歉，遗憾；afraid担心，害怕。54.b 此题考查动词词义辨析。根据语境，mrs. gibert送给他们一本音乐的书，他们乐于接受，接下来应该是期待着去练习新曲了。practicing，练习。changing改变；recording记录；writing写。55.c 此题考查名词词义辨析。相邻语境中出现了“the big smile on his mothers face”和“feel that they were home”等，可以推断美好的邻里关系给了新搬来的居民温暖的感觉，w

30、armth。equality 平等；freedom 自由；sympathy 同情。第三部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a. b. c和d)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑a【2015课标北京卷】the boy made it!on sunday, nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at sugarloaf mountain in maine. in the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fier

31、ce snowstorm swept into the area. unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. before he knew it, nicholas was lost, all alone! he didnt have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. he was getting colder by the minute. nicholas had no idea where he was. he tried not to panic. he thought

32、about all of the survival shows he had watched on tv. it was time to put the tips he had learned to use. he decided to stop skiing. there was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. the first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. if he didnt, his body tem

33、perature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. using his skis, nicholas built a snow cave. he gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. by that evening, nicholas was really hungry.

34、 he ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water. not knowing how much longer he could last, nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept. the next day, nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldnt find anyone. he foll

35、owed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. on tuesday, nicholas went out again to find help. he had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. after two days stuck in the snow, nicholas was saved.nicholas might not have survived

36、 this snowstorm had it not been for tv. he had often watched grylls survival show man vs. wild. thats where he learned the tips that saved his life. in each episode (一期节目) of man vs. wild, grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. when grylls heard about nicholas amazing deeds,

37、 he was super impressed that nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard nicholas had to work to stay alive. 56. what happened to nicholas one sunday afternoon? a. he got lost. b. he broke his skis. c. he hurt his eyes d. he caught a cold. 57. how did nicholas keep himself warm? a

38、. he found a shelter. b. he lighted some branches. c. he kept on skiing. d. he built a snow cave. 58. on tuesday, nicholas _. a. returned to his shelter safely b. was saved by a searcher c. got stuck in the snow d. stayed where he was 59. nicholas left grylls a very deep impression because he _. a.

39、did the right things in the dangerous situation b. watched grylls tv program regularly c. created some tips for survival d. was very hard-working c2【2015课标北京卷】【要点综述】这是一个故事，讲述了nicholas突遇暴风雪被困，他如何运用从电视节目中所学的逃生技巧，在雪中生存了三天并获救。56. a 考查事实细节。根据第一段“nicholas was lost, all alone”可知，他迷路了。57. d 考查事实细节。根据第四段“bui

40、lt a snow cave”和“stay as warm as he could”可知，他是通过搭建雪洞保暖的。58. b 考查事实细节。根据第六段中tuesday当天的描述，可以知道他最终获救。59. a 考查推理判断。根据最后一段grylls对nicholas出色表现的认可，可以推断nicholas把电视上grylls展示的技巧发挥到极致才得以脱身。而光努力是不可能脱险的，而是方法很重要。brevolutionary tv earstv ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hea

41、r the television clearly without turning up the volume (音量)and now its better and more affordable than ever! with tv ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other tv listeners hear the television at a volume level thats comfortablefor them. you can even listen through the he

42、adset only and put the tv onmute (静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environmentmaybe the babyis sleeping. or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listeningto the ballgame. tv ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reductionear tip, not used in any other commerciall

43、y available headset. this tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable. get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers. thats why tv ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists (听觉学家)nationwide as well as world-famous doctors

44、.customer recommended tv ears!“now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and i can have the tv at my hearing level. tv ears is so comfortable that jack forgets he has them on! he can once again hear and understand the dialogue.”darlene & jack b. cadoctor recommended tv ears!“my wife

45、 and i have used tv ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television. as a retired ear doctor. i heartily recommend tv ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.”robert forbes, m.d.carisk free trial! tv ears comes with a 3

46、0-daysrisk free trail.special offernow $59.95if youre not satisfied, return it.money-back guarantee!call now! 800-123-783260.tv ears helps you_.a. improve your sleeping quality b. listen to tv without disturbing othersc. change tv channels without difficultyd. become interested in ballgame programs6

47、1.what makes tv ears different from other headsets? a. it can easily set tv on muteb. its headset volume is adjustablec. it has a new noise reduction ear tipd. it applies special wireless technology62.this advertisement is made more believable by_.a. using recommendationsb. offering reasons for this

48、 inventionc. providing statisticsd. showing the results of experimentsc4【2015课标北京卷】【要点综述】这是一篇广告，介绍了一款辅助听力障碍的人士正常收听电视声音的产品- tv ears。文章涵盖产品特点、用户反馈、价格和联系方式等。60. b 考查事实细节。根据第一段“hear the television clearly without turning up the volume”可知，使用这种耳机可以设置自己的耳机音量，而不必因此打扰他人。61.c 考查事实细节。根据第二段“a revolutionary nois

49、e reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset.”可知，这是该设备独特的地方。62. a 考查推理判断。根据文中医生和使用者的描述，这种产品很好。用户的陈述中都出现了“recommended“（推荐），这样权威人士和使用者的推荐可增加其可信度。 clife in the cleartransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. these ani

50、mals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet-as far as most light can reach. most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. sonke johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “these animals live through their life alone. they never touch a

51、nything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them. ”and they are as clear as glass. how does an animal become see through? its trickier than you might think.the objects around you are visible because they interact with light. light typically travels in a straight line. but some mat

52、erials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.but a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light

53、, at least not very much. light can pass through it without bending or stopping. that means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. you dont see it -you see the things behind it.to become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scatt

54、ering light. living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. but a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. according to johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. the real challenge is preventing light fro

55、m scattering.animals are built of many different materials -skin, fat, and more -and light moves through each at a different speed. every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. some animals are simply ve

56、ry small or extremely flat. without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. others build a large, clear mass of non-living jellylike(果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. they need to look uniform. but how theyre doing