状语从句(9种

1、1 .时间状语从句常用弓I导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before,after, since , till, until特殊弓I导词：the minute, the moment, the second,every time, the day , the instant, immediately ,directly, no sooner than, hardlywhen,scarcely whenI didn ' t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While Joh

2、n was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard（果园）,the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2 .地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊弓 I 导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will b

3、e heavily polluted wherethere are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.地点状语从句§ 4 地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等弓导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：句型1: Where +地点从句，(there ) 十主句。【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里哪里就”； 主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：Where there is no rain, far

4、ming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本 不可能的。They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪

5、里人民得解放。句型 2: Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句，十主句。【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于 wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。3回答者：快乐如3 .原因状语从句常用弓 I 导词：because, since, as, for特殊弓 I 导词：seeing that, now that, in that,cons

6、idering that, given that.My friends dislike me because I ' m handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let ' s begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it maydiscourage people from trying to earn more.4 .目的状语从句常用弓 I 导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词： lest, in cas

7、e, for fear that , in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5 .结果状语从句常用引导词: sothat, such that,特殊弓 I导词： such

8、 that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It ' s such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such a degree was he excited that he couldn ' t sleep last night.6 .条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless,特殊弓 I 导词： as/so long as, only

9、if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition thatWe ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 .让步状语从句常用弓 I 导词：though, although, even if, event

10、hough特殊引导词：as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装），while （一般用在句首），no matter ， in spite ofthe fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever,whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I can ' t agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter

11、 how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He won' t listen whatever you may say.8 .比较状语从句常用引导词：as（同级比较），than（不同程度的比较）特殊引导词： the more the more ;just as ， so ；A is to B what /as X is to Y; nomore than;not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as

12、 ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。9 .方式状语从句常用引导词： as, as if, how特殊引导词：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.三、条件状语从句要点： 表示

13、状语从句由连词 if, unless （=if not）引导。9.1 f it doesn ' t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨，我们就去远足.2 .You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩.3 .I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我会去参加聚会的，除非他也去.(如果他不去，我就去.)4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走，你将

14、会迟到的.(=If you don ' t leave immediately, you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时.lHe will not leave if it isn' t fine tomorrow.一般将来时，一般现在时lThey are going to have a picnic if itdoesn' t rain next week.一般将来时，一般现在时.难点because , since , as , for,辨析1) because语势最强，用来说明人所不

15、知的原因，回答 why提出的 问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as或since。I didn ' t go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2) 由because引导的从句如果放在旬末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只 能用for oHe is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent

16、 today.3) as和for的区别：通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例：As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同义句)1 stay at home, for the weather is cold.五、目的状语从句要点：目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so- that , in order that引导。1.so that 以至，以便I ' ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.（目的）我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。I opened the w

17、indow so that fresh air might come in.（目的）我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。1.1 n order that=so that:为了We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。（目的）3 .despite prep.不管，尽管=in spite of 不管六、结果状语从句要点：结果状语从句由连词（so ）that, sothat, such that, somuch/many-

18、 that弓I导。4 .so - that 如此一以至于The scientist ' s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。He always studied so hard that he made great progress.他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。2. such - that 如此。以至It ' s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天气是如此的好，我们大家都

19、想去公园玩。3.比较：so和such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名 词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little（这四个形容词表多或表少时）连用，形成固定搭配。so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / little money. such rapid progressso many people such a lot o

20、f people（so many已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many,但a lot of 为名词性的，只能用 such搭配。）so- that 与such- that 之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he can ' t go to school.He is such a young boy that he can t go to school 难点+形容词或副词+形+a(an)+单数可数名词so +many或few+复数可数名词 +that+much或little+不可数名词so that ,suchthat 都

21、可以 in order that两者皆可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may,might, will, would 等次。so +adj或adv.+ that , such +n.+ that以上两种句型都表示结果，其中so为副词，后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有 many, few ；不可 数名词前有 much, little 修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much,little )+n. o such为形容词，后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的， 也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数，单数，则必须在名

22、词前加冠词a(an).常见的形式是 ：such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.1。I ' ve had so many falls that I ' m black and blue all over.我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块2。there are so few notebooks that I can' t give you any.笔记本太少了 ，我一本也给不了你.3。It is such nice weather that I ' d like to take a walk.天气是如此只好，以至于我

23、想去散散步.4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.麦克是如此诚实的一个人，以至于大家都相信他(二Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)5。The weather is so nice that I ' d like to take a walk.天气是如此只好，以至于我想去散散步.七、让步状语从句要点：表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although 引导. 难点：lthough, although 当虽然讲，都不能和but连用.Although,(

24、though) -but 的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still)连用.所以though (although) - yet(still)的格式是正确的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有，然而他并不快乐.Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.Right : Although we have grown up, our

25、 parents still treat us as children.尽管我们已经长大了，可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.although, though 辨析although 不能though那样用作副词，放在旬末表示强调时要用 even though.1。He is looking fit, though.但是，他看上去很健康.考点2。Even though I didn ' t under a word, I kept smiling.尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.尽管他很年轻

26、，他很有经验。典型例题1) she is young, she knows quite a lot.A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless答案：Co意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。2) as, though 引导的倒装旬as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分 词、实义动词提前)。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.=Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right th

27、ing to do.汪忠：a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语 和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.=Though he tries hard, he never seems 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。3) ever if, even though.即使We ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4) whether - or -不管

28、都Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5) "no matter + 疑问词"或"疑问词+后缀ever"No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换： no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whi

29、chever no matter how = however注意：no matter 不能引导 主语从句 和宾语从句。（错） No matter what you say is of no use now.（对） Whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了。（Whatever you say是主语从句）（错） Prisoners have to eat no matter what they ' re given,（对） Prisoners have to eat whate ver they ' re given. 囚犯们 只能给

30、什么吃什么。八、比较状语从句要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高 级的句子之中。原级1. asas和。样Jack is as tall as Bob.捷克和汤姆一样高。2. not so(as)as和不样She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比较级more- than (更)This book is more instructive than that one.这本书比那本书由教育意义 最高级1 .The most in/ofThis book is the most interesting of the th

31、ree.这本书是三本中最有趣的。2 . the + 形容词 +est of/inThis road is the busiest street in our city.这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。知识扩展no more than 只不过（嫌少的意思）1 o I have no more than two pens.我只有两支笔。2。It ' s no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不过一英里。not more than 不如。；（前者不如后者）1 o Jack is not more diligent than John.捷克不如约翰勤奋。2。on

32、e of the + 名词（复数）.之一（用于最高级） Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。九、方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as -so-, as if, as though引导。1 ) as, (just) as弋。引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as弋。结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是 ,正如"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：2 o Always do to the others as you would

33、 be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。3 ） as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛似的"，&quo

34、t;好像似的"，例如：1。 o They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓 语用虚拟语气。）2。 He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）3。 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：1 o He stared at me as if