英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)

1、一.中古英语时期Beowulf is the oldest poemin the English language, and the most important specimen 箱例、典范）of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.The romances a popular literary form in the medieval period （中世 2己）.It uses verse or prose to sinknightly adventures

2、or other heroic deeds.Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales （坎特伯雷故事集），was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature.Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism.二.文艺

3、复兴 RenaissanceRenaissancerefers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition 渡）from the medieval to the modern world.It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture （雕塑） and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe.Humanism is the essence of Ren

4、aissance-Man is the measure of all things.This was England Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabethreigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissanceis the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the RenaissanceEngland are Christopher Marlowe andWilliam

5、 Shakespeare.The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe.Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. Of Studies' is the most popular of Bacon ' s 58 essays.Thomas MoreUtopiaEdmund Spense-The Faerie Queene1. Which is the oldest poem in the English langu

6、age?A. Utopia B. Faerie QueeneC. Beowulf D. Hamlet2.is the father of English poetry.A. Edmund Spenser B. William ShakespeareC. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer3.is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England.A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey ChaucerC. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johns

7、on三.莎士比亚 W川iam Shakespeare“Allthe world 's a stage,and all the men and women merelyplayers.William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeareunderstood people more than any other write

8、rs. He could create characters that havemeaning beyond the time and place of his plays. His four tragedies areHamlet（哈姆雷特 ），Othello（奥赛罗），King Lear（李尔王）and Macbeth（麦克白）.Shakespeare sonnets 154 in number, are the only direct expression of the poet ' s own feelingSonnet 18 deserves its fame because

9、 it is one of the most beautifully written verses in the English language诗选Sonnet 18's day?Shall I compare thee to a SummerThou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer s lease hath all too short a date.（我怎能将你与夏日相比？ /你比它更温和可爱：/动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的风中颤抖，/夏日

10、的美好时光也绝不长久：）Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm ' d;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature ' s changing course, untrimm ' d（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，/却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；/再美貌的物什都逃不过凋谢，/命运流转或无意间将其拆解；）But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,Nor

11、 lose possession of that fair thou ow' stNor shall Death brag thou wander ' st in his shade, When in eternal line to time thou grow' st.So long as men can breath or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.（可你如夏日般不会褪色，/你的美貌也将永存；/死神无法夸耀你曾在它的 阴影中游荡，/伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。/只要人类生生不

12、息 我的诗句能被 见证，/你就会在传承中得到永生！）相关练习1. Shakespeares greatest tragedies are the following works except.A. Hamlet B. King Lear C. Romeo and Juliet D. Othello2. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was.A. Geographical exploration B. Religious reformationC. Publishing and tr

13、anslation D. Humanism.3. In Sonnet 18', Shakespeare.A. Meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.B. Satirize（讽刺）human's vanity.C. Predict（预测）the eternity of love.D. Eulogize（颂扬）the power of the beauty.4. Which of the following statement best 川ustrates the theme o

14、f Shakespeare s Sonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on ma is salvation.5. The Renaissance refers to between 14th-mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Quee

15、n and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit,and in which the 'real mainstream （U正的文学主流）'was.A. Victoria/poetryB. Elizabeth/ dramaC. Mary/ novelD. James/ drama6.1, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespearre most popular play on the stage, for it has the

16、qualities of a blood-and-thunder' thriller and a "philosophical exploration" of life and death.A. The Merchant of Venice B. HamletC. King Lear D. The Winter s Tale四.18世纪英国文学The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.17th century writer John Milto

17、n ranks as one of the greatest poets in the history of English literature. His masterpiece Paradise Lost（失乐园）was published in 1667. Later another epic poem Paradise Regained修乐园），sequel to Paradise Lost, was published with the poetic dramaSamson Agonistestj士参孙）.The mid-18th century was, however, pred

18、ominated by a newly rising literary form, the modern English novelwhich, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. Daniel Defoe is considered to be the father of the English novel. His masterpiece isRobinson Crusoe.It is

19、considered to be the first English novel Jonathan Swift is generally considered the greatest prose satirist飒刺散文家） in English literature. His language is simple, clear and vigorous. He once asserted: "Proper words in proper place, makes the true definition of a style.”他曾把文字风格定义成恰到好处的词语用在恰到好处的地方”

20、 There are no ornaments in his writings. In simple, direct and precise prose, Swift is almost unsurpassed in English literature.Gulliver's Trave恰 Jonathan Swift's best fictional work, contains four parts, each about one particular voyage during which Gulliver has extraordinary adventures on

21、some remote island after he has met with shipwreck or piracy or some other misfortune.相关练习1. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo”？A. The Pilgrim ' s Progress B. The Farrie QueeneC. Gulliver&#

22、39; s TravelsD. The School of Scandal2.is a typical feature of Swift' s writings.A. Elegant style B. Causal narrationC. Bitter satire D. Complicated sentence structure3. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver ' s Travels are.A. horses that are endowed with reason.B. pigmies th

23、at are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdom.D. Hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.五.浪漫主义诗歌（一）先驱：Robert Burns罗伯特 彭斯，William Blake威廉 布莱克Robert Burns is a national poet of Scotland a po

24、et of peasants, his poems are written in Scottish dialect. A Red, Red Rose红红的玫瑰）and Auld lang Syne are his most popular poems.To see a world in a grain of sand, /And a heaven in a wild flower, /Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, /And eternity in an hour.WilliamBlake一花一世界，一沙一天国， 君掌盛无边， 刹那含永劫。（二）

25、代表诗人：1. Escapist romanticists / Lake Poets砌畔派诗人）（William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey）2. active romanticists /demonic group/Satanic school （撒旦派）（GeorgeGordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats）English Romanticism is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publicatio

26、n of Wordsworth & Coleridge s Lyrical Balladsand to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death.William Wordsworth started with Samuel Taylor Coleridge the English Romantic movement with their collection Lyrical Ballads in 1798. Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集followed by “The°reface to the L

27、yrical Ballads ” 一 served asthe manifesto （m 言） of the English Romantic Movement in poetry.“All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow opowerful feelings that takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility. "William Wordsworth （诘是强烈情感的自然流露；诗源于在平静中积累的情感。） 相关练习1. The Romantic Movement

28、expressed a more or less attitude toward theexisting social and political conditions.A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. indifferent2. For the Romantics,is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.A. love B. man C. nature D. death3. In the Romantic

29、 period,is the most prosperous literary form.A. prose B. poetry C. fiction D. play4. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated from_.A.1660-1798 B.1798-1832C.1483-1546 D.1836-19015. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are and WalterScott.A. Washington Irving B. J

30、ane AustenC. Herman MelvilleD. Charles Dickens6. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPTA. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD

31、. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech7. The publication of “" marked the beginning of Romantic Age.A. Don JuanB. The Rime of the Ancient MarinerC. The Lyrical Ballads D. Queen Mab8. The major representatives of the poetic revolution in English Romantic period were Samuel T

32、aylor Coleridge and.A. W川iam BlakeB. W川iam WordsworthC. John KeatsD. Percy Bysshe Shelley诗选I Wandered Lonely as a CloudWilliam WordsworthI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the tr

33、ees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced, but theyOut-did the sparkling waves

34、 in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills, An

35、d dances with the daffodils. 我好似一朵孤独的流云， 高高地飘游在山谷之上， 突然我看到一大片鲜花， 是金色的水仙遍地开放。它们开在湖畔，开在树下 它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡它们密集如银河的星星， 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹； 它们沿着海湾向前伸展， 通往远方仿佛无穷无尽； 一眼看去就有千朵万朵， 万花摇首舞得多么高兴。 粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳， 却不如这水仙舞得轻俏； 诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴 又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃； 我久久凝视-却未领悟 这景象所给予我的精神至宝。 后来多少次我郁郁独卧， 感到百无聊赖心灵空漠； 这景象便在脑海中闪现， 多少次安慰过我的寂寞 我的心又随水仙跳起舞

36、来， 我的心又重新充满了欢乐George Gordon ByronAs a leading Romanticist, Byrons chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic hero” , a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Such ahero appears first in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,and then further developed in later works such as the Oriented Tal

37、es, Manfred, and Don Juan in different guises. Don Juan（唐 璜）is Byron' s masterpiece, an epic satire.诗选She Walks in B eautyGeorge Gordon ByronShe walks in beauty like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies And all that's best of dark and bright Meets in her aspect and her eyes; Thus me

38、llow'd to that tender light Which Heaven to gaudy day denies.One shade the more one ray the lessHad half impair'd the nameless graceWhich waves in every raven tressOr softly lightens o'er her faceWhere thoughts serenely sweet expressHow pure how dear their dwelling-place.And on that chee

39、k and o'er that browSo soft so calm yet eloquentThe smiles that win the tints that glowBut tell of days in goodness spentA mind at peace with all belowA heart whose love is innocent.她走在美的光彩中，像夜晚皎洁无云而且繁星满天；明与暗的最美妙的色泽在她的仪容和秋波里呈现；耀目的白天且嫌光力强它比那光亮柔和而幽暗。增加或减少一分明与暗就会损害这难言的美美波动在她乌黑的发上，或者散步淡淡的光辉；在那脸庞，恬静的

40、思绪指明它的来处纯洁而珍贵。呵，那额际，哪先验的面颊，如此温和，平静，而又脉脉含情，那迷人的微笑，那容颜的光彩，都在说明一善良的生命；她的头脑安于世间的一切，她的心充溢这真纯的爱情！John Keats(墓志铭： Here lies one whose name was writ in water.)Keats' s poetry describes the beauty of the natural world and art as the vehicle for his poetic imagination.his four great odes: " Ode on Me

41、lancholy," 忧郁颂, Ode on a GrecianUrn,“ 希月普古瓮颂 ， Ode to a Nightingale, 夜莺颂, Ode to Psyche： 心Beauty is truth, truth beauty that is all" is quoted from his Ode on an Grecian Urn.Percy Bysshe ShelleyShelley's Ode To The West Wind (西风颂1819), To a skylark(1820), TheCloud are regarded as three

42、 of the most beautiful nature poems in English language. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? is a famous sentence from his Ode To The West Wind.六.奥斯丁 Jane AustenAusten's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. She is particularly preoccupied with the r

43、elationship between men & women in love. Stories of love & marriage provide the major themes in all her novels.代表作品：Sense and Sensibility理智与情感；Pride and Prejudice傲 慢与偏见；Emma (1816)爱玛Pride and Prejudice has been the most widely read among them. This novel is Jane Austen s masterpiece. The mai

44、n subject in the novel is stated in the first sentence of the novel: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife .(大凡有钱 的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。)选段翻译It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession o

45、f a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughter

46、s.“Whais his name? ”“ Bingley. ”“Is he married or single? ”“Ohsingle, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”“ How so? how can it affect them? ”“My dear Mr. Bennet," replied his wife,"how can you be so tiresome! Yo

47、u must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”七.The Victorian Period维多利亚时代的小说Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria over England from 1836 to 1901. In literature, the early Victorian age can be said to be the age of novel, or the age of

48、critical realism. Among the famous novelists of the time were the critical realists like Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackery, Charlotte Bronte etc. In this period of intense class struggle appeared a new literary trend- -critical realism. English realism of the 19th century flourished in the

49、 forties and in the early fifties. The major contribution made by the 19th century critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel. 90年代哈代(Thomas Hardy)的一系列富有悲剧色彩的 威塞克斯”(WesseR小说为维多利亚时期的小说划上一个圆满的句号（一）The Bront? Sisters勃朗特三姐妹Charlotte Bront? s masterpieceJane Eyre简爱 is a first-person narrativ

50、e of the title character. The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroindane Eyre.选段翻译“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?You think wrong! And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and mu

51、ch wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you it ismy spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God' as feetaequalEmily Bront?: Wuthering Heights，呼啸山庄Emily Bronte published only one novel, Wut

52、hering Heights . But that single work has its place among the masterpieces of English literature 选段翻译“My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished肖失），and HE remained, I shoul

53、d still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated （摧毁）,the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it. - My love for Linton is like the foliage （叶子） in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I AM Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being'.相关练习Who is the primary narrator of the novel?A