直接引语和间接引语(3)

1、direct speech and indirect speech （直接引语和间接引语）一. 基本概念i 直接引语变为间接引语2） 、直接引语为祈使句3） 、直接引语为疑问句4） 、直接引语为感叹句ii 1、 直接引语和间接引语都属于宾语从句2、 直接引语和间接引语的概念（1） 直接引语：一字不改地引述别人的话（2） 间接引语：用说话人自己的话转述别人的话二. 变换类型1. 直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句，用that 引导（口语中可以省略）。引述动词有：say, tell 等。陈述句变间接引语要注意：1、人称的变化2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 3、时态的变化4、人称的变化。

2、一般的规则：一随主，二随宾，三不变例如 : the teacher said, john, you must bring your book to the class. 1 第三者说：the teacher told john that he must bring his book to the class. 2 另 u 人对约翰说 : the teacher said that you must bring your book to the class. 3 约翰自己说 : the teacher said that i must bring my book to the class. i

3、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1 指示代词的变化this- that these-those 2时间状语的变化now - then ago - before today - that day yesterday - the day before; the previous day tomorrow - the next day; the following day the day before yesterday - two days before the day after tomorrow - two days later next week/month, etc. - the

4、next week/month, etc. last week/month, etc. - the week/month before 3地点状语的变化here - there 4动词的变化come - go 注：在当地转述时，here 不变为 there, come 不变为 go. 在当天转述时， yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不变。ii 时态的变化（ 1）1主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变。e.g. a. he says, i m tired. ”he says he is tired. b. he has said to me, i m tired. he

5、has said to me he is tired. c. he will say, the boy was lazy. he will tell you that the boy was lazy. 2、主句为过去时态时，直接引语一般作相应的变化，这就叫所谓的“时态的呼应”。1） 、一般现在时变为一般过去时。e.g. he said, i m sorry. ”he said he was sorry. 2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时。e.g. she said, he s waiting. ”she said he was waiting. 3）现在完成时变为过去完成时。e.g. he s

6、aid, you haven t changed much. ”he said that i hadn t changed much. 4） 一般过去时变为过去完成时。e.g. he said, the man came at six. ”he said that the man had come at six. 5） 一般将来时变为过去将来时。e.g. she said, i will do it after class. she said that she would do it after class. 6） 过去完成时不变。e.g. he said, i had finished my

7、 homework. ”he said that he had finished his homework. 注：直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变。e.g. the teacher told us, the earth moves around the sun. ”the teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. iii 时态的变化（ 2）1）含情态动词的一般现在时变为情态动词的一般过去时。e.g. she said, he can swim very well. ” she said that he could s

8、wim very well.注：1）如果直接引语的情态动词是一般过去时，间接引语还是用情态动词的过去一般时。e.g. she said, he could swim very well. ”she said that he could swim very well. 2）有些情态动词如must, ought to, need, had better等只有一种形式，那么在间接引语中形式不变。e.g. he said, i must study hard. he said that he must study hard. 2、直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带

9、to 的不定式。弓i 述动词有： tell, ask, order等。它的否定是在to 前加 not。它没有时态的变化。其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同。e.g. i said to her, please give me a glass of water. ”i asked her to give me a glass of water. she said to him, come at five o clock. she told him to come at five o clock. he said, don t make so much noise, boys. ” he to

10、ld the boys not to make so much noise. 3、直接引语为疑问句（1）直接引语为疑问句，变为间接引语时语序与一般从句相同，用陈述句的语序，be, have 等助动词皆放在主语之后。引述动词常用say, ask, wonder, inquire等。直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语应作各种变化的要求也同样使用。1）直接引语为一般疑问句时，由whether 或 if 引导。e.g. he said to us, are you going away today? he asked to us whether we were going away that day. sh

11、esaid, is he your brother? ” she asked if he was my brother.2）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，其关联词用相应的疑问代词或疑问副词。e.g. she asked, who will help me finish the job? she asked who would help her finish the job. he asked, what have you done? ” he asked what i had done. 3）直接引语为选择疑问句，变为间接引语时应用whether- ? or - oe.g. do you like

12、tea or coffee? ” she asked me.she asked me whether i like tea or coffee. 4、直接引语为感叹句直接引语为感叹句，变为间接引语时，引述动词有tell, exclaim 等。其他的变化和直接引语为陈述句时的变化相同。e.g. what a brave boy you are! ” she told him.she told him what a brave boy he was. 有时间接引语可用that 引导。e.g. he said, how foolish i have been! ”he said how foolis

13、h he had been. he said that he had been very foolish. 四、练习1. my father suggested a jo6 in a hospital. a. that i get b. that i got c. me to get . d. that my getting 2. can you tell me the 28th olympic games? a. when will , be held . b. when , will be held c. when will be , held d. when ,will hold 3.

14、mr brown is said a new novel. a. to write b. to have been written c. to be written d. to have written 4. he demanded that every student there at once. a. went b. must go c. goes d. go 5. that man insisted that he there. a. should send b. would be sent c. be sent d. sent 6. i want to know. a. what ci

15、ty does she come from b. from what city does she come . c. from which city does she come . d. what city she comes from . 7. were you able to borrow helen s camera ? ”no, she said lend it to anyone . ”a. she ll rather not . b. she wouldn t rather c. she d rather not d. she doesn t rather 8. i wonder

16、if she us , but i think if she us we will be able to complete the take ahead of time . a. helps ; helps b. will help ; has helped . c. helps ; will help d. will help ; helps 9. he said that he there for three years . a. has studied b. had studied c. studied 10. can you tell me? i haven a. where have

17、 you gone c. where you have been 11. ask him how much. a. did it cost c. it cost 12. do me a favour, please. the teacher asked us to c. do a favour to her d. do a favour for me . 13. don t be late again ,the teacher said to me . the teacher asked me. a. not to be late again b. no to be late again c. not to be late more d. not to be late any longer. 14. i asked her me the book . a. to give b. giving c. be given d. gave 15. make sure the door is locked mother said . mother told me. a . make sure the door is locked . b. make sure the door was locked . c. to make sure the door is