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1、、词语 1、名词 这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用 is 名词复数如何加后缀: 各种不同情 况 变化方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s book-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾 以辅音子母 +y ”结尾 加-es 变 y 为 i,再加 -es bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peachpeaches glass-glas ses family-families study-studies 以f fe ”结 尾 变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es

2、 kni fe-k ni ves 不规则名词复数 man-men woma n-wome n policema n-policem en policewoma n-policewome n mouse-mice foot -feet child-childre n fish-fish Chi nese-C 2、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词 物主代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性 形容词性 第一人 称 I (我) me we (我们) us my (我的) our (我们 的) 第二人 称 you (你) you you (你们) you your (你 的) you

3、r (你们 的) 第三人 称 he (他) him they (他/她/它 his (他的) their (他/她/它 she (她) her them her (她的) it (它) it 们) it (它的) 们的) 3.Be 动词用法 be 动词(am、is、are)+not、 情态动词 can+ not、 助动词(do、does) + not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句: 1、 看句中有无 be 动词,如有,直接在 be 动词后+ not。 2、 看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后 + not。 3、 如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词 + not。分四个步骤: (1) 肯定

4、陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或 某物)后,动词前。 (2) 确定助动词用 do、does,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用 do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用 does, (3) 在助动词后加 not。 (4) 原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点,有 some 的要考虑是否要用 any。 二、句子 1. 一般疑问句 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句: (1) 看句中有无 be 动词,如有,把 be 动词提到句首即可。 (2) 看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。 (3) 如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。 分四个步骤: (1)

5、 肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或 某物)后,动词前。 (2) 确定助动词用 do 还是 does,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就 用 do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用 does (3) 把助动词后提到句首。 (4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形 2.特殊疑冋句 表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。 常用疑问词: 疑问词 意思 用法 What time 什么时间 问具体时间,如几点钟 Who 谁 问人 Whose 谁的 问主人 Where 在哪里 问地点 What 什么 冋东西、事物 What colour 什么颜色 问颜色 How old

6、 多大年纪 问年纪 How many 多少数量(可数名词) 问数量 How much 多少钱;多少数量(不可数 名词) 冋多少钱或数量(不可 数) 三、时态 1.般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the n ext, i n five hours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用。 结构:主语+助动词 will+动词原形 I will go to America tomorrow. The pilot will fly to Japan the month af

7、ter the next. Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morni ng. 变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Will you go to America tomorrow? Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next? Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning? 变否定句在助动词后面加 not I will not go to America tomorrow. The pilot will not fly to Japa

8、 n the month after the n ext. Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I will. / No, I will not. Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not. Yes, he will. / No, he will not. 特殊疑问句 What will you do? 2. 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。 构成:主语+be 动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分 We are hav ing lun ch. He is

9、 readi ng a book. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swim ming across the river. 变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Are we hav ing lun ch? Is he readi ng a book? Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimmi ng across the river? 变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not We are not hav ing lunch. He is not read ing a book. Th

10、e dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swim ming across the river. 特殊疑问句: what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词 What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? 没有进行时的动词(必背) 表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 1. 表示感觉,感官的词 see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has 当”拥有”讲时没有进

11、行时 3. 一般过去式 表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday, last ni ght, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, 含有 be 动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am, is 的过去式为 was,are 的过去式为 were I was at the butcher s. You were a stude nt a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. 变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首 Were you at the butcher s

12、? Were you a stude nt a year ago? Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? 变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not I was not at the butcher s. You were not a stude nt a year ago. The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. 肯定回答否定回答 Yes, I was. No, I was not. Yes, you were. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. N

13、o, he/she was not. 特殊疑问句: What did you do? (必背) 不含有 be 动词的句子,将动词变为过去式 I fini shed my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaura nt. The Sawyers lived at Ki ng Street a year ago. 变疑问句在句首加 did,动词变为原型 Did you finish your homework yesterday? Did the boy go to a restaura nt? Did the Sawyers live at K

14、ing Street a year ago? 变否定句在主语和动词之间加 did not I did not finish my homework yesterday. The boy did not go to a restaura nt. The Sawyers did no t live at King Street a year ago. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I did. No, I didn t. Yes, he did. No, he didn t. Yes, they did. No, they did not. 4. 现在完成时 (1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系

15、的动作, 常和 just, usually, already, since 等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch.(饱了,不用再吃了) He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝) They have already had their holiday.( 不能再度假了) The boy has already read the book.( 已经知道书的内容了,不用再看 了) (2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时: Have you fini shed your homework? Have you bee n to Beiji ng?

16、Have he see n the film? (3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beiji ng for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year . (4) 表示一种经历,经验:去过地方,做过事情,经历过事情 I have n ever had a bath. I have n ever see n a film. I have n ever bee n to cin ema. I have ever bee n to Paris. Have been to 表示去过,have go

17、ne to 表示去了 I have been to London.( 人已经回来) He has gone to London.( 人还在那里) (5)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher . She has broke n my heart. 句型变化: 变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加 n ot. e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I have. N

18、o, I have not. 特殊疑问句: What have you done? What has he done? 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别: 凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点, 不能再延续,因此不能和表示 一段时间状语连用 错:I ve left Beijing for3 days. 对:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days. 5. 过去完成时 用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的那个动作要用过去完成时。 结构:had+过去分词 After she had fini shed her homework, she went shopp ing. They had sold the car before I as

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