初中英语现在完成时实用教案

1、春天(chntin)还会远吗 ?will it still be far in spring?冬天(dngtin)已经来了,Winter has already come, 第1页/共25页第一页，共26页。现在完成(wn chng)时态Winter has already come.第2页/共25页第二页，共26页。现在(xinzi)完成时的构成形式 have done has助动词过去分词第3页/共25页第三页，共26页。助动词have/has可和前面(qin mian)的主语缩略为ve,s.如 theyve, weve, hes, its; youve has not=hasnthave

2、 not=havent第4页/共25页第四页，共26页。过去分词的变化(binhu)1、一般动词，在词尾加 +ed work, plant,call2.以字母e结尾的动词，词尾加+d live, change, like, love, agree, save hate, move, arrive, skate, hope, use3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音(fyn)字母的 双写辅音(fyn)字母ed. 如：plan, stop,drop,fit(适合), prefer(更喜欢), travel4.以辅音(fyn)字母y，结尾，变y为ied try, study, carry, hu

3、rry, cry, worry,copy第5页/共25页第五页，共26页。1.肯定句:主语+have/has(助动词）+过去分词+(其他(qt)）。2. 否定句: 主语+have/has+not +过去分词+(其他(qt)）。 3.一般疑问句 Have/has+ 主语+过去分词? Yes, 主语+have/has. No, 主语+have/hasnt.第6页/共25页第六页，共26页。用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去(guq),但它的影响现在还存在。 They have left. -他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have

4、 had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿现在完成(wn chng)时的含义也可表示持续(chx)到现在的动作或状态。 He has learned English since 2001. -从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢第7页/共25页第七页，共26页。nowpastfuture一般(ybn)过去时现在(xinzi)完成时现在完成(wn chng)时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响They have left.He has learned English since 2001.第8页/共25页第八页，共2

5、6页。和现在(xinzi)完成时连用的时间状语MeaningExamplealready已经已经I have already done my homework.yet还（未）还（未）I have not finished my homework yet.never从不，从没从不，从没I have never read this story.ever曾经曾经Have you ever watched this film?recently最近最近We have not seen Nancy recently.just刚刚刚刚He has just seen Nancy.for+时间段时间段时间时间

6、She learned English for nine years.since+时间点时间点自从自从I have not eaten anything since 9 a.m.in the past在过去的在过去的He has changed a lot in the past three years.第9页/共25页第九页，共26页。1.Mr. Black left China in 1990. Mr. Black _China since 1990.2.The hero died five years ago. The hero _ for five years.3.The meetin

7、g began two minutes ago. The meeting _ for two minutes.4.We borrowed two books last week. We _ the two books for a week.5. Sally joined the League two years ago. Sally _ the League for two years. has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been in第10页/共25页第十页，共26页。 延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态

8、。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。 瞬间(shn jin)性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stop等。 瞬间(shn jin)性的动词是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。比较延续性动词(dngc)与瞬间性动词(dngc) 第11页/共25页第十一页，共26页。 since 用来说明动作(dngzu)起始时间 “自从” for

9、用来说明动作(dngzu)延续时间长度 “长达”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比较(bjio)since和for第12页/共25页第十二页，共26页。二、用since和for填空(tinkng)1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._

10、19995._yesterday 6._4 oclock7_4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16

11、. Its about ten years _ she left the city.第13页/共25页第十三页，共26页。瞬间性动词例如come,go,leave等，不和表示延续性的时间状语连用，例如for two hours或者是since last month。如果我们(w men)想用它们来表达延续性的状态，就要把他们转化成对应的延续性动词。Verb Used for a continuous stateExamplebuyhave/has hadHe has had the watch for over two years.borrow have/has keptShe has kep

12、t this book for two weeks.arrivehave/has been in/atKitty has been in Nanjing for a month.leavehave/has been awayShe has been away from home for ten years.join have/has been in/a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.diehave/has been deadThe fish has been dead for two

13、 days.get marriedhave/has been marriedThey have been married for more than twenty e/gohave/has been in/atMy cousin has been in Beijing for a month.begin/starthave/has been onThe meeting has been on for half an hour.stophave/has been overThe conference has been over since last Sunday.第14页/共25页第十四页，共2

14、6页。He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off

15、the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _

16、 for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延续性动词(dngc)和瞬间性动词(dngc)之间的转化第15页/共25页第十五页，共26页。He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. -

17、 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He h

18、as been away from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He has

19、been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 延续性动词和瞬间(shn jin)性动词之间的转化 (keys)第16页/共25页第十六页，共26页。He has gone to Shanghai.他(已经(y jing)去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经(cngjng) 去过上海。比较(bjio) have/has been to have/has gone to第17页/共25页第十七页，共26页

20、。He went to Shanghai last week. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定(kndng)不是在上海而是回来了他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上(l shng),反正他人不在这里上周他做了一件事:那就是(jish)去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢He lived in Shanghai for 10 years.以前他

21、在上海住过10年 现在不在上海了辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别第18页/共25页第十八页，共26页。练习1.I like Guilin. I _ there twice. A. go B. went C. have gone D. have been 此题中的twice（两次）表示经历，要用现在完成时，因此选D。 2. Where”s Li Lei? He _ Beijing. A. goes to B. went to C. has gone to D. has been to 此题的语境是李雷不在说话的地方，因此要选 C。 3. He went to Toronto two year

22、s ago, so he _ Toronto for two tears. been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has gone 题目有for two years这一个(y )段时间，而have been to 和have gone to都不能和段时间连用，因此选C has been in 。第19页/共25页第十九页，共26页。 现在完成(wn chng)时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调(qing dio)动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调(qing dio)过去的事情对现在的影响，强调(qi

23、ng dio)的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调(qing dio)看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调(qing dio)对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）第20页/共25页第二十页，共26页。2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语(zhungy)连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语(zhungy)连用，或无时间状语(zhungy)。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体(jt)的时间状语现在完成时的时间状

24、语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语句子(j zi)中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.第21页/共25页第二十一页，

25、共26页。3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去(guq)时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是(b shi)延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续) She h

26、as been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续)第22页/共25页第二十二页，共26页。家庭作业(ji tn zu y)一、选择填空 ( )1.Jims been to the Great wall before ,_he?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt( )2.Shes never been to England, _she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( )3.How long _he_ the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy( )4.Mr Green isnt in the office , He _to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be