月10月博士翻译真题

1、.TRANSLATION(30 minutes, 15 points) Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet II.One of the most difficult situations that a researcher can encounter is to see or suspect

2、that a colleague has violated the ethical standards of the research community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable obligation to act. At the most immediate level, misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own research or

3、the research of colleagues. 1）More broadly, even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists and their institutions, which in turn can result in the imposition of counterproductive regulations, and shake public confidence in the integrity of science. To be sure, raising a concern about unethic

4、al conduct is rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past and have had serious consequences. 2）Any allegation of misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be taken ser

5、iously. If mishandled, an allegation can gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the charge, the institutions involved, and science in general. Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ethics usually has more options than are immediately apparent. In most cases the best t

6、hing to do is to discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 3）In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of advice in deciding whether to go forward with a complaint. An important consideration is deciding when to put a compl

7、aint in writing. Once in writing, universities are obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal manner than if it is made verbally. 4）Putting a complaint in writing can have serious consequences for the career of a scientist and should be undertaken only after thorough consideration. The Nati

8、onal Science Foundation and Public Health Service require all research institutions that receive public funds to have procedures in place to deal with allegations of unethical practice. 5）These procedures take into account fairness for the accused, protection for the accuser, coordination with fundi

9、ng agencies, and requirements for confidentiality and disclosure.In addition, many universities and other research institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics officer, or other official who is available to discuss situations involving research ethics. Such discussions are carried out in the st

10、rictest confidence whenever possible. Some institutions provide multiple entry points, so that complainants can go to a person with whom they feel comfortable.Part Four Translation1. 从更广义上说，哪怕一次作伪就可能毁掉作伪的科研人员自己及其所在的科研单位名誉扫地，反过来又会导致出台一些妨碍（科学）发展的条令，并使公众对科学的客观公正失去信心。2. 任何一起对作伪的指控都是至关重要的指控，必须严肃对待。若处理不当，

11、则会严重伤害被指控人、指控人、相关的科研机构、乃至整个科学界。3. 在大学里，教工顾问、系领导和其他资深的教员可以提供宝贵意见和建议，帮你决定是否提出投诉。4. 书面投诉一个科研人员可能会给其科学生涯带来严重后果，因此必须三思而后行。5. 这些程序考虑到对被指控人的公平，对指控人的保护，与出资方的协调，以及保密和披露信息的一些必备条件。TRANSLATION(30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chi

12、nese. Write your Chinese translation in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.(1) I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that th

13、e wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes; mistakes are an essential part of education. (2) But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless

14、 you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company. Some old people are oppressed by the fea

15、r of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. (3) Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys an

16、d sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. (4) The best way to overcome it is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in t

17、he universal life. And individual human existence should be like a riversmall at first, narrowly contained within its banks and rushing passionately past blunders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible

18、 break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. (5) I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been