《中考英语总复习》考点17 非谓语动词-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）

1、考点17 非谓语动词 命题趋势： 非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点： 1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 构成：to + 动词原形 动词不定式 作用：作除谓语外的任何成分 构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式 分词 作用：表、定、状、补 构成：v.-ing 动名词 作

2、用：主、宾、表、定考向一：不定式1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免头重脚轻常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：it is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为做某事对某人来说是。it takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为做某事花费某人多长时间to master a language is not easy=it is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish,

3、 plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于动词+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。i would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。i find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代

4、词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。to do a go

5、od job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。my dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法 使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。our tea

6、cher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 常接疑问词+带to的不定式的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。my mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向二：动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由动词+-ing构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：it i

7、s no use（good）+v.ing.seeing is believing.眼见为实。it is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, l

8、ook forward to, enjoy, be busyno matter what happened, i wont give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用there is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法 即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, cant bear, prop

9、ose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, cant afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考向三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成 现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。the crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语

10、the story is interesting.i am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态he could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。i got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表

11、示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (

12、want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意(mind)i. 适当形式填空(单句

13、适当形式) 1.how about_ (have) a party next sunday. 2.dad often ask me _ (not play) on the road. 3.i dont know how _ (express) my exciting feelings.4.mr, green was so angry that he couldnt help _ (shout) at his wife. 5.we should avoid _ (disturb) others. 6.he was made _ (wash) the car himself. 7.we must

14、take strong measure _ (protect)our environment. 8.i happened _ (meet) one of my friends in the street yesterday. 9.theres no need _ (leave) right now.10.it s our duty_ (protect) our planet.11.im sorry_ (disturb) you.12.can you teach me how _ (surf)?13.he promised_ (follow) the good suggestions.14.if

15、 you have a chance_ (study) here,you will learn more knowledge.15.learn the new while _ (review) the old.【答案】1.having 2.not to play 3.to express 4.shouting 5.disturbing 6.to wash 7.to protect 8.to meet 9.to leave 10.to protect 11.to disturb 12.to surf 13.following 14.to study 15.reviewingii. 单项选择。1.

16、 _ since the night before, i felt very hungry.a. having not eaten anything b. not eating anything c. i hadn't eaten anything d. not having eaten anything2.we then listened to the child _ the article _ on the blackboard.a. read, writing b. reading, writing c. to read, written d. read, written3._

17、it with me and i'll see what i can do.a. when left b. leaving c. if you leave d. leave4._ such a chance, why don't you have a try?a. to give b. having c. given d. giving5.five people were reported _ in the accident.a. to be killedb. to kill c. killedd. to have been killed6._ is bad for his h

18、ealth.a. mike smokingb. mike's smokingc. mike's being smokingd. mike smokes【答案】1-6 ddcdbc 1. 【2020 贵州省安顺市】with the improvement in transportation, students in some small villages no longer go on ropeways _ rivers to schools.a. to crossb. crossingc. crossed【答案】a【解析】句意：随着交通的改善，一些小村庄的学生不再走索道过河上学

19、。考查非谓语动词。to cross动词不定式形式；crossing动名词形式；crossed动词过去分词形式。根据空前的go on ropeways结合选项动词cross可知，此处是动词不定式表目的状语，走索道过河上学go on ropeways to cross rivers to schools符合句意。故选a。2. 【2020 贵州铜仁市】look! kangkang, that old man is crossing the crosswalk.jane, lets_ him.a. helpsb. to helpc. helpingd. help【答案】d【解析】句意：康康快看！ 那个

20、老人正在过马路。简，让我们去帮他。考查非谓语动词。helps帮助，第三人称单数；to help不定式；helping动名词；help动词原形。根据“让某人做某事let sb do sth.”，故选d。3.【2020 黑龙江省龙东地区】we should do what we can _ those people when they are in trouble.a. to helpb. helpedc. help【答案】a【解析】句意：当人们有困难的时候，我们应该尽我们所能去帮助他们。考查非谓语动词。to help动词不定式；helped动词的过去式或过去分词；help动词原形。根据题干可知此

21、处用do what one can to do sth.表示“竭尽全力做某事”，此处用动词不定式to help作目的状语。故选a。4. 【2020 江苏省苏州市】the doctors and nurses managed _ the lives of patients, though they didnt have enough medicine.a. saveb. savingc. to saved. to saving【答案】c【解析】句意：尽管医生和护士没有足够的药，他们还是设法挽救了病人的生命。考查非谓语动词。save挽救。save动词原形；saving动名词或动词的现在分词；to

22、save动词不定式；to saving介词to+动名词。根据题干中“managed”可知此处用manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”，用不定式to save作宾语。故选c。5. 【2020 四川省成都市】why do many farmers put their products online these days?_them more easily.a. to sellb. sellc. selling【答案】a【解析】句意：为什么现在很多农民把他们的产品放到网上？为了更方便的卖。考查非谓语动词。to sell动词不定式；sell动词原形；selling动名词/现在分词形式。

23、分析句意可知，前文询问原因，所以此处表示“为了更方便的卖”，可用动词不定式表目的。故选a。6. 【2020 四川达州市】our government tries to do everything they can _ people live a better life.a. to helpb. helpc. helpingd. helped【答案】a【解析】句意：我们的政府试着尽力帮助人们过上更好的生活。考查非谓语动词。a. to help动词不定式；b. help动词原形；c. helping动名词或现在分词；d. helped过去式或过去分词。根据句子结构可知，our government

24、 tries to do everything (they can) _ people live a better life中they can做后置定语修饰everything，不影响空格处动词help的形式，故空格处应填入动词不定式作目的状语，故选a。7. 【2020 四川达州市】 clara, you have _ journey to the west for two weeks. sorry, i wanted to give it back but was made _ dazhou on business last week.a. borrowed; to leaveb. kept

25、; to leavec. kept; leaved. borrowed; leave【答案】b【解析】句意：克拉拉，西游记这本书你已经借了两个星期了。对不起，我想把它还给你，但上周我被迫离开达州去出差了 。考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。borrow借入，瞬间性动作，keep保存，保留，持续性动作。由时间段for two weeks“两周”，可知用持续性动词，keep的过去分词为kept，故排除a和d。动词短语make sb. do sth.接不带to的不定式做宾补，变为被动语态是要加上to，即be made to do，所以第二个空用to leave，故选b。8. 【2020 甘孜州】he fel

26、t tired, so he stopped _ a rest under the tree.a. havingb. havec. to have【答案】c【解析】句意：他感到累了，所以他停下来在树下休息。考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。根据题干中“he felt tired”可知是停下来去休息，用to have符合题意。故选c。9. 【2020 甘孜州】the singer was often seen to practice _ songs near the woods three years ago.a. singb

27、. singingc. to sing【答案】b【解析】句意：三年前这个歌手经常被看到在树林附近练习唱歌。考查动名词。sing动词原形；singing动名词；to sing动词不定式。此处表达“练习做某事”用practice doing,此处用动名词singing作宾语。故选b。10. 【2020 重庆市】they hope _the basketball match.a. winb. wonc. to wind. winning【答案】c【解析】句意：他们希望赢这场篮球比赛。考查非谓语动词。win赢，动词原形；won是win的过去式或过去分词形式；to win动词不定式；winning动名词

28、或现在分词形式。句中谓语动词是hope，意为“希望”，常用于句型hope to do sth.“希望去做某事”，因此这里应用动词不定式。故选c。11. 【2020 重庆市b卷】wed better follow the seven-step hand-washing method _ healthy.a. to keepb. keepc. keepingd. keeps【答案】a【解析】句意：为了保持健康，我们最好遵循七步洗手法。考查非谓语动词。to keep动词不定式；keep动词原形；keeping动名词；keeps动词三单。分析句子可知，此处表示目的，用于句中作目的状语，所以使用动词不定

29、式形式。故选a。12.【2020 广西北部湾经济区】now the chinese government has made laws _ wild animals.a. protectb. protectsc. to protectd. protected【答案】c【解析】句意：现在中国政府为了保护野生动物已经制定了法律。本题考查非谓语动词。protect是动词原形，protects是一般现在时，to protect是动词不定式，protected是过去分词。结合句意，中国政府制定法律的目的是保护野生动物，因此用动词不定式，故选c。13.【2020 青海省】a cctv news report

30、er will come to interview wang lin tomorrow please tell her _.a. not to be lateb. not to comec. to watch tv【答案】a【解析】句意：中央电视台新闻记者明天要来采访王琳，请告诉她不要迟到。考查非谓语动词。not to be late不要迟到；not to come不要来；to watch tv看电视。tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事。根据题干中“a cctv news reporter will come to interview wang lin t

31、omorrow”可知中央电视台新闻记者明天要来采访王琳，应该告诉她"不要迟到"，用not to be late符合题意。故选a。14.【2020 青岛市】teachers expect all their students _ progress day by day.a. to makeb. makec. to taked. take【答案】a【解析】句意：老师们希望所有的学生天天进步。考查非谓语动词和动词短语辨析。to make获得，动词不定式；make获得，动词原形；to take拿走，动词不定式；take拿走，动词原形。固定搭配：expect sb to do sth

32、“希望某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语；make progress“取得进步”，所以空格处填to make。故选a。15.【2020 云南省】wang lei is looking forward to _ the best high school in september.a. refusingb. playingc. readingd. entering【答案】d【解析】句意：王磊期待着9月份进入最好的高中。考查非谓语动词。a. refusing拒绝；b. playing玩耍；c. reading阅读；d. entering进入。根据句意可知，王磊期待着9月份进入最好的高中。d选项符合

33、句意，且位于look forward to doing结构中，故选d。16.【2020 福建省】the twin brothers are busy _ artworks from ocean waste.amakingbmakecto make【答案】a【解析】句意：双胞胎兄弟忙于用海洋废物做艺术作品。考查动名词。making动名词；make动词原形；to make动词不定式。此处表示“忙于做某事”用be busy in doing，in 可以省略，此处用动名词making。故选a。17.【2020 上海市】the engineers will keep_the project with t

34、he manager of the companyadiscussbdiscussedcdiscussingdto discuss【答案】c【解析】句意：工程师们将继续与公司经理讨论这个项目。考查非谓语动词。discuss原形；discussed一般过去式、过去分词；discussing动名词、现在分词；to discuss不定式；keep doing sth 继续做某事，可知此处填动名词；故选c。18.【2020 上海市】doctors tell us_our hands before and after every mealawashbwashedcwashingdto wash【答案】d

35、【解析】句意：医生告诉我们饭前饭后要洗手考查动词非谓语的用法。根据句型tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事，可知不定式to do做宾补。故选d。19. 【2020 四川攀枝花】the doctor warns jack _stop _because it is bad for his health.ato; smokingbnot; to smokecto; to smokednot to; smoking【答案】a【解析】句意：医生告诫杰克要戒烟，因为这对他的健康有害。考查非谓语动词。smoking动名词；to smoke动词不定式。第一空是固定用法warn sb. to do

36、sth.，意为“告诫某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，根据语境，可知是“要戒烟”，排除bd；第二空根据固定搭配stop doing sth.，意为“停止做某事”，动名词作宾语，若是stop to do sth.，动词不定式作宾语，则意为“停下来去做某事”，根据语境，可知是“停止吸烟”，故选a。20.【2020 四川省遂宁市】its important for us_a healthy lifestyle.ato keepbkeepckeepingdkept【答案】a【解析】句意：保持健康的生活方式对我们来说很重要。考查非谓语动词。to keep动词不定式；keep动词原形；keeping动

37、名词/现在分词；kept动词过去式。固定句式：its+形容词+for sb+to do sth“对某人来说做某事是”，句中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，所以空格处填to keep。故选a。21.【2020 海南省】frank and his friends had great fun _volleyball on the beach yesterday.a. playb. playingc. to play【答案】b【解析】句意：弗兰克和他的朋友昨天在沙滩上打排球玩得很开心。考查非谓语动词。play玩，动词原形；playing动词的ing形式；to play动词不定式。句中have

38、great fun doing sth做某事玩得很高兴，其后应接动词的ing形式playing。故选b。22.【2020 黑龙江绥化】my teacher encouraged me _ english as much as possible.a. to speakb. speakc. speaking【答案】a【解析】句意：我的老师鼓励我尽量多说英语。考查非谓语动词。a. to speak动词不定式；b. speak动词原形；c. speaking现在分词或动名词。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，符合句意，故选a。23.【2020 镇江市】

39、a lot of museums in china are worth_. if you have time, you can choose to go.a. visitedb. visiting c. to visitd. visit【答案】b【解析】句意：中国的很多博物馆值得参观。如果你有时间，你可以选择去。考查动名词。visited动词的过去式；visiting动名词；to visit动词不定式；visit动词原形。此处用be worth doing表示“值得做某事”，此处用动名词visiting。故选b。24.【2020 南通市】they offered courses_ studen

40、ts know the importance of protecting the huanghe river.a. helpb. helpedc. helpsd. to help【答案】d【解析】句意：他们开设课程来帮助学生了解保护黄河的重要性。考查非谓语动词。help是动词原形；helped是过去式；helps第三人称单数形式；to help是动词不定式。结合句意，他们开设课程，是为了帮助学生了解保护黄河的重要性，表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，故选d。25.【2020 盐城市】the birdwatching society goes to zhalong nature reserve

41、the birds every year.a. to countb. countingc. countd. counts【答案】a【解析】句意：观鸟协会每年都去扎龙自然保护区统计鸟类数量。考查非谓语动词。to count动词不定式形式；counting动名词或现在分词形式；count数数，计算总数，动词原形；counts是动词的第三人称单数形式。根据句子结构可知，该空在句中作目的状语，表示“去扎龙自然保护区”的目的，应用动词不定式。故选a。26.【2020湖北省恩施州】my sister has gone to work in beijing, not for money, but _ her

42、self.aimprovebimprovedcto improve【答案】c【解析】句意：我姐姐去北京工作，不是为了钱，而是为了提高自己。本题考查非谓语动词。improve是动词原形；improved是过去分词；to improve是动词不定式。根据not for money可知，此处表示目的，因此用动词不定式，故选c。27.【2020湖北省黄石市】he spent two hours _ his mother with housework last sunday.ahelpingbhelpedcto helpdhelp【答案】a【解析】句意：上星期天他花了两个小时时间帮妈妈做家务。考查非谓语

43、动词。a. helping动名词或现在分词；b. helped过去式；c. to help动词不定式；d. help动词原形。根据英语表达习惯，spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故help应用动名词形式，故选a。28.【2020长沙市】we are glad _ that traditional chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing some diseases.a. knowb. to knowc. knowing【答案】b【解析】句意：我们很高兴地知道，中医在预防某些疾病方面可以发

44、挥奇效。考查非谓语动词。know知道。know动词原形；to know动词不定式；knowing动名词或动词的现在分词。结合选项可知句子是说“很高兴知道”，作表语的形容词glad后接动词不定式作原因状语。故选b。29. 【2020益阳市】diana used to _ to work, but now she is used to _ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.a. drive; walkb. drive; walkingc. driving; walk【答案】b【解析】句意：戴安娜过去常常开车去上班，但现在她习

45、惯步行，因为道路很拥挤，且她想保持健康。考查非谓语动词。drive开车，驾驶；walk步行。根据第一空前“used to”可知此处用used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，第一空用动词原形drive；根据第二空前“is used to”可知此处用be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，第二空用动名词walking。故选b。30.【2020怀化市】a lot of old people are lonely. what can we do to help them?i want _ the old people's home to talk to t

46、hem.a. visitb. to visitc. visiting【答案】b【解析】句意：很多老人都很孤独。我们能做些什么来帮助他们？我想去老人之家和他们聊聊。考查非谓语。visit参观，动词原形；to visit参观，动词不定式；visiting参观，现在分词或动名词形式；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“想要做某事”，英语是want to do sth.，是用不定式作宾语，所以这里应该用to visit，故选b。31.【2020 内蒙古包头市】_ the project as planned, they need to work two more hours a day.ato finis

47、hbfinishingcfinishdto be finished【答案】a【解析】句意：为了按计划完成这个项目，他们需要每天多工作两个小时。考查非谓语动词。to finish动词不定式；finishing动名词或现在分词形式；finish完成，动词原形；to be finished动词不定式的被动形式。根据句子结构可知，该空表示目的“为了”，应用动词不定式作目的状语；主语they与动词finish是主动关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式。故选a。1. 【2020 福建省泉州市二模】the doctor did what he could _ the girl who was badly inju

48、red in the accident.a. saveb. savingc. to save【答案】c【解析】句意：医生尽他所能去救在事故中受伤的女孩。考查非谓语。save挽救，动词原形；saving挽救，现在分词或动名词；to save挽救，动词不定式；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“为了挽救”，表达的是目的，英语中不定式可以作目的状语，故选c。2. 【2020黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区一模】tim is a helpful student in our class. he always helps the students in trouble, _ himself popular among

49、 our teacher and classmates.a. makeb. madec. making【答案】c【解析】句意：蒂姆是我们班上喜欢帮助别人的学生，他总是帮助有困难的学生，这使得他在我们老师和同学中受欢迎。考查现在分词。make动词原形；made动词的过去式；making动词的现在分词。“himself popular among our teacher and classmates”这部分是结果状语，表示由前面得出的意料之内、情理之中的结果，用现在分词making。故选c。3. 【2020黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区二模】two sessions 2020 (两会) has said,

50、 "life is invaluable(无价的). this is a price we must pay, and a price that is worth_.a. to payb. payingc. paid【答案】b【解析】 句意：2020年两会曾说：“生命是无价的。这是我们必须付出的代价，也是值得付出的代价。”考查非谓语动词辨析。to pay付出，支付，动词不定式；paying动名词或现在分词形式；paid是pay的过去式或过去分词形式。根据句意可知，这句话中使用了句型be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，因此这里应用动名词形式。故选b。4.【2020湖南

51、省长沙市青竹湖湘一外国语三模】my mom always tells me: when things are a disappointment, _ be so discouraged. (气馁的)a. trying not tob. to try not toc. try not to【答案】c【解析】句意：我妈妈总是告诉我:当事情令人失望的时候，不要那么气馁。本题考查非谓语动词。trying not to是动名词或现在分词；to try not to是动词不定式；try not to是动词原形。when things are a disappointment是when引导的一个时间状语从句，与主句连用，动词原形开头的是祈使句，故选c。5. 【2020山东省济南市槐荫区二模】 did you have a good weekend? yes. i went to the countryside _my grandparents.a. seeb. sawc. seeingd. to see【答案】d【解析】句意：你周末过得愉快吗？是的。我