神经病学专业词汇(修改版)

1、NEUROLOGY TERMS collected by taciturnitycomplaints疾病neoplasm肿瘤lymphoma淋巴瘤polycystic kidney多囊肾diabetes糖尿病endocrinopathy内分泌病botulism食物中毒porphyria卟啉症atrial fibrillation心房颤动atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化cataract白内障cirrhosis肝硬化migraine偏头痛choreo-舞蹈病myasthenia gravis重症肌无力tuberous sclerosis结节性硬化症neurofibromatosis神经纤

2、维瘤病encephalomyelitis脑脊髓炎osteomyelitis骨髓炎cerebral watershed infarction分水岭脑梗死lacuna infarct腔隙性脑梗死channopathies离子通道病Charcot-Marie-Tooth腓骨肌萎缩症chorea minor小舞蹈病hepatolenticular degeneration肝豆状核变性Raynaud phenomenon雷诺现象lock-in syndrome闭锁综合征Vernet syndrome颈静脉孔综合征Wallenberg syndrome延髓背外侧综合征Weber syndrome大脑脚综合

3、征menieres梅尼埃encephalemia 脑充血hepathemia 肝充血orthopedic  整形外科的orthopnea 端坐呼吸stomatology口腔学stomato-/stom- 口腔-stomy 吻合术psychiatry  精神病学pharmacology 药理pharmacokinetic药物代谢动力学pharmacodynamics药物效应动力学oncology肿瘤学oncogene癌基因anatomic 解剖学的pathophysiology 病理生理学etiology&

4、#160;病原学focal-病灶的、局灶的cortex皮层cortical皮质的cortic(o)- 皮质corticoadrenal 肾上腺皮质的medulla  髓质的parenchyma 实质grey/white matter灰/ 白质cephalic头部的encephalo脑cerebral/cerebri大脑cerebellum小脑vermis 小脑蚓flocculus绒球diencephalon间脑mesencephali中脑pons脑桥basal ganglia基底神经节vertebrobasilar脊椎基底动脉internal capsu

5、le内囊spinal cord/ myelo-脊髓spondyl- /vertebro 脊柱pyramidal tract锥体束corticospinal tract皮质脊髓束hippocampal海马的corpus callosum胼胝体thalamic丘脑的hypothalamus下丘脑subthalamus底丘脑medulla oblongata延髓bulbar-延髓的brachial plexus臂丛gracile薄束cuneate楔束lemniscal丘系的radiculo-神经根fasciculus神经束axon轴突dendric树突的collateral侧支，副的syn

6、aptic突触的vesicle囊泡Ranvier constriction郎飞结cranial颅的subarachnoid蛛网膜下的subdural硬膜下的epidural硬膜外的epi- 表面，（在）上，外epicardial 心外膜的epidermal 表皮的epigastric上腹部的intrathecal鞘内的，硬膜内的piamater软脑膜cerebral perfusion脑血流灌注gag reflex咽反射archilles reflex跟腱反射cutaneous reflex皮肤反射plantar reflex跖反射cremasteric reflex提睾反射anal refl

7、ex肛门反射astrocyte星型胶质细胞oligodendrocyte少突胶质细胞gliosis神经胶质增生reinnervation神经移植术medial longitudinal fasciculus 内侧纵束sympathetic交感的parasympathetic副交感的olfactory嗅觉的oculomotor动眼trochlear滑车的abducens外展的trigeminal三叉的cochlear N蜗神经glossopharyngeal舌咽的hypoglossal舌下的vagus迷走神经的spinal accessory副神经oropharynx口咽tibial

8、N胫神经ulnar N尺神经ischiadic 坐骨神经的common peroneal N 腓总神经femoral N 股神经visceral N 内脏神经esthesia感觉paresthesia感觉异常vibration振动觉proprioception本体感觉stereognosis实体觉graphesthesia皮肤书写觉micrographia写字过小征areflexia反射消失hyperreflexia反射亢进hyperalgia;hyperpathia 痛觉过敏vertigo眩晕diplopia复视aphasia失语症aprax

9、ia失用症agnosia失认症anorexia厌食症automatism自动症nystagmus眼球震颤fasciculation肌束震颤myoclonus肌阵挛tremor震颤，颤栗static tremor静止性震颤paratonia伸展过度cogwheel rigidity齿轮样强直ataxic共济失调spastic痉挛gait步态cognitive disturbance 认知障碍demyelination脱髓鞘neurodegenerative神经变性的synchronous同步化的convulsive惊厥的，抽搐的tonic强直的atonic弛缓的flaccidity弛缓

10、的grand-mal大发作petit-mal小发作epilepsia continua癫痫持续状态dysarthria构音困难 dys- 不良、障碍、异常dysgraphia 书写困难dysphagia 吞咽困难dystrophic营养不良的，营养障碍的dysgenesis发育不全dystrophin肌张力障碍dysmetria辨距困难dysthyroid甲状腺机能障碍的myasthenia肌无力hemiballismus偏身投掷ptosis眼睑下垂malaise全身乏力，不适mal- 不良，不正常nausea恶心syncope晕厥vomite呕吐diarrhea腹泻tinnitus

11、耳鸣disequilibrium平衡不稳disesthesia 感觉迟钝tingling麻刺感stuttering结巴，口吃blurred vision视力模糊amaurosis fugax一过性黑朦coma昏迷状态bradykinesia运动迟缓kines-,kinesi(o)-,运动dementia痴呆delirium谵妄insomnia失眠herniation脑疝athetosis手足徐动症flushing潮红piloerection竖毛formication蚁走感euphoria欣快感ma/micropsia视物显大/ 小症visual blurring视物模糊ophthal

12、moplegia眼肌麻痹pleg(i)- 麻痹，瘫痪mental retardation精神发育迟缓trauma外伤contusion创伤hydrocephalus脑积水hemiplegia偏瘫的paraparesis下肢轻瘫hemiparesis轻偏瘫quadriparesis四肢轻瘫ischemic penumbra缺血半暗带bulbar paralysis球麻痹，延髓麻痹homeostasis动态平衡leukodystrophy脑白质营养不良troph(o)- 营养，食物atrophy萎缩的hypertrophy肥大eutrophia 营养良好eu-良好，正常eutopic 正位的euc

13、aryon 真核incontinence尿失禁overflow充盈性uremia尿毒症nocturia夜尿pernoctation 失眠症constipation便秘febrile发热的metabolic代谢的humoral体液的serum血清lactate乳酸盐creatine肌酸cholesterol胆固醇electrolytes电解质类anoxic/hypoxia缺氧的ischemic局部缺血的stenosis狭窄hemorrhage出血rrhe（o）- 流；出血diarrhea/enterorrhea 腹泻infarction梗死emboli栓子hematoma血肿thrombolys

14、is溶栓edema水肿necrosis坏死apoptotic细胞凋亡的derangement紊乱coagulopathic凝血障碍的purpura紫癜petechia出血点，瘀点vasomotion血管舒缩capillary毛细血管作用carotid颈动脉cyanosis紫绀arrhythmia心律失常dysrhythmia节律障碍postural hypotension体位性低血压hypoglycaemia低血糖paraneoplastic副肿瘤的collagen胶原hyperventilated过度换气aneurysmal动脉瘤的artery dissection动脉夹层hyperthyr

15、eosis甲亢ototoxicity耳毒性otitis media中耳炎labyrinth迷路vestibular前庭tinnitus耳鸣cochlear耳蜗的exudate渗出液transudation漏出液secretion分泌物endo/exogenous内/ 外源的bilateral双侧的unilateral单侧的ipsilateral同侧的contralateral对侧的cervical颈部thoracic胸部lumbar腰部sacro-骶部interphalangeal指间的frontal额的，前面的sagittal矢状面的tempo颞的parietal顶叶的occipi

16、tal枕的ethmoidal筛骨的sphenoid蝶骨insular lobe岛叶limbic lobe边缘叶paracentral lobule旁中央小叶tibial胫骨的patellar髌骨的pelvic骨盆的extremity手足，四肢scalp头皮cutaneous皮肤的dermato- 皮肤的exanthema疹epithelial上皮的endothelia内皮的connectivum结缔组织flexion俯屈anterflexion前屈symmetric对称的ectopic异位的proximal近端的distal远端的ventral腹侧的dorsal背侧的abductio

17、n外展adducent内收afferent传入的efferent传出的pre-前retro-后glioma神经胶质瘤dermoid皮样瘤sarcoid肉样瘤，类肉瘤epidermoid表皮样的systemic系统的，全身的generalized全身的，泛发的constitutional symptom 全身症状disseminate多发，播散somatic躯体的torso躯干truncal躯干的solitary孤立的pseudo-假，拟maxillary上颌骨的mandibular下颌骨的mastoid乳突的uvula悬雍垂mentalis颏的，颏肌trapezius斜方肌clavi

18、cle锁骨的sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突的biceps二头肌quadricep四头肌pronator旋前肌supination旋后肌extensor伸肌flexor屈肌sphincter括约肌detrusor逼肌orbicularis轮匝肌protrusion前突perinatal围产期的postpartum产后trimester妊娠期三个月neonatal新生儿papillitis视神经乳头炎uveitis葡萄膜炎fundi眼底oculus眼optic chiasma视交叉retina视网膜choroid脉络膜macula flava黄斑conjunctiva结膜corne

19、a角膜ophthalmoscope眼底镜extraocular眼外的perimetry视野检查法biopsy活检ventilator呼吸机auscultation听诊percussion叩诊palpation触诊inspection视诊bruit杂音onset（症状）出现，开始anterograde顺行的postural姿势的，体位的congenital先天的idiopathic特发的hereditary遗传性cryptogenic隐源性complication并发症concomitant伴发的aura先兆premonitory先兆的prodrome前驱症状remission/remittin

20、g缓解，缓和regression/relapsing/ 复发的，回归的attenuate减弱fulminant暴发的paroxysmal发作的，阵发的ictal phase发作期intractable难治的latency潜伏期convalescence恢复期sequelae后遗症metastasis转移corroborate确证refractory耐受的prophylactic预防的immunocompromised免疫受损的cessation停止，休止ambulation离床活动abscess脓肿empyema积脓，脓胸suppurative化脓的purulent化脓的，脓性sep

21、tic脓毒性的aseptic无菌的sterilization灭菌toxoplasmosis弓形体病cysticercosis囊虫病paragonimiasis肺吸虫病schistosomiasis血吸虫病prion朊病毒leptospirosis钩端螺旋体Treponema密螺旋体syphilis梅毒rickettsial立克次体的Grams stain革兰染色aerobic需氧的anaerobic缺氧的，厌氧的campylobacter弯曲杆菌haemophilus嗜血菌属neisseria奈瑟球菌属streptococcus链球菌属aureaus金黄色葡萄球菌staphylococcus葡

22、萄球菌Cryptococcus隐球菌coagulase凝固酶herpes疱疹mycoplasma支原体rabies狂犬病diphtheria白喉cytomegaloviral巨细胞病毒tick-borne蜱传播的poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎fungal真菌prolactin催乳素muscarine毒蕈碱cholinergic胆碱能的nicotine烟碱adrenergic肾上腺素能的pyridoxin吡哆醇 b6dehydrogenase脱氢酶aldolase醛缩酶amylase淀粉酶lipase脂肪酶plasminogen纤维蛋白溶酶原aspartate天冬氨酸acetyl

23、choline乙酰胆碱interferon干扰素aminoglycoside 氨基糖苷类vincristine长春新碱cyclosporin环孢素azathioprine硫唑嘌呤cyclophosphamide环磷酰胺methotrexat甲氨喋呤acyclovir阿昔洛韦ACVamantadine金刚烷胺neostigmine新斯的明L-dopa左旋多巴-azepam西泮-barbital巴比妥ethosuximide乙琥胺phenytoin苯妥英carbamazepine卡马西平topiramate托吡酯lamotrigine拉莫三嗪valproic丙戊酸levetiracetam左乙拉西坦thiazide噻嗪类diuretics利尿药statins他汀类-dipine地平Ster