高考英语：主谓一致-课件PPT

1、2021/8/261主主 谓谓 语语 一一 致致 主讲：于主讲：于 红红 高中英语高中英语 Book4 Unit12021/8/262 定义：主谓一致是指定义：主谓一致是指谓语在人称谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。保持一致。基本概念基本概念(conception)2021/8/263主谓一致三大原则主谓一致三大原则 1. 语法一致语法一致（主形式单谓单，主形式复谓复）（主形式单谓单，主形式复谓复） 2. 意义一致意义一致（主意义复谓复，主意义单谓单）（主意义复谓复，主意义单谓单） 3. 就近一致就近一致 (谓动的单复数取决于最靠近它的名谓动的单复数取决于

2、最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数词或代词的单复数) )2021/8/264观察句子观察句子总结规律总结规律2021/8/265 （1 1）Bread and butterBread and butter is is Lazy Goats favorite food.Lazy Goats favorite food.2021/8/266Grey Wolf and Red Wolf are husband and wife.2021/8/267Group1: Group1: （2 2）A writer and educator A writer and educator isis giving a s

3、peech now.giving a speech now. （3 3） Every boy and every girl Every boy and every girl likeslikes the film star. the film star. （4 4） Many a boy and many a girl Many a boy and many a girl hashas a dictionarya dictionary. . 2021/8/268总结：总结：A, 两个名词由两个名词由and连接作主语时，谓语连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用动词一般用_。 B, 当当and不表示并列意

4、义，连接两个在不表示并列意义，连接两个在意义上表示意义上表示 的的名词时，谓语动词用名词时，谓语动词用_。 C, 两个并列的名词有两个并列的名词有every, each, no 等等修饰语时，谓语动词一般用修饰语时，谓语动词一般用 。 复数复数同一概念、兼具身份、匹配出现同一概念、兼具身份、匹配出现 单数单数 单数单数2021/8/269 everyevery eacheach no no many a many a+ +名词单数名词单数and+and+everyeveryeacheachno no many amany a谓语用单数谓语用单数+ +名词单数名词单数D,D,2021/8/261

5、0Group2: Group2: (5) The man with his daughters and (5) The man with his daughters and sons sons isis watching TV. watching TV. (6) The girls as well as the (6) The girls as well as the teacher teacher areare dancing. dancing. (7) Collecting stamps (7) Collecting stamps isis what he what he likes. l

6、ikes. (8) What I need (8) What I need isis more time. more time.What they need What they need areare more people. more people. 2021/8/2611总结：总结：A A，传说中的，传说中的“就前原则就前原则” + + B B A A+ + with(together with);with(together with); In addition to; rather In addition to; rather than;than; Along with; as well

7、 as; Along with; as well as; But; except; unlike; But; except; unlike; Including; besides; such Including; besides; such as; as; 谓语动词与谓语动词与A A一致一致2021/8/2612 B, B, 非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词作主语, , 谓语动词用谓语动词用_。 C, C, 名词性从句作主语，谓语动词常用，名词性从句作主语，谓语动词常用，_但所指内容为复数意义，谓语动词用但所指内容为复数意义，谓语动词用_。 单单数数 复复数数 单单数数2021/8/2613Grou

8、p3:Group3: (9) No news (9) No news isis good news. good news. (10) Either of the shirts (10) Either of the shirts fitsfits me me very well. very well. (11) None of the farmers (11) None of the farmers has / have has / have been abroad.been abroad.2021/8/2614总总 结：结： A, A, 合成不定代词，如合成不定代词，如 something,

9、nothing something, nothing ，或或 neither/ either/ each/ every+of neither/ either/ each/ every+of + +名词名词 等作主语时，谓语用等作主语时，谓语用 ，nonenone做主语时，谓语做主语时，谓语 单单 复复 数数 均均 可可 。 B, B, 以以s s 结尾的名词，如学科，国家等，本结尾的名词，如学科，国家等，本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用用 单单 数数 ，如，如news,maths, physicsnews,maths, physics等等. .2021/8/2615Gr

10、oup 4 :Group 4 : (12) 3/4 of the surface of the earth(12) 3/4 of the surface of the earth isis covered with water. covered with water. (13) The population of the city (13) The population of the city isis large. large. 2/3 of the population 2/3 of the population areare Han.Han.2021/8/2616总结：总结： A, A,

11、 当分数或百分数当分数或百分数+ +名词作主语名词作主语 时，谓语与时，谓语与后面的名词单复数后面的名词单复数 一致。一致。 B, B, 表示意义较抽象的表示意义较抽象的“人口人口”时，谓时，谓语动词用语动词用 单单 数数 ；表示某地区的全体；表示某地区的全体居民时，为集合名词，谓语动词用居民时，为集合名词，谓语动词用 复复 数数 。2021/8/2617Group5:Group5: (14) Ten years is quite a long time. (14) Ten years is quite a long time. (15) His family are fat and shor

12、t (15) His family are fat and short 总结：总结： A, A, 当主语是表示当主语是表示 时间，距离，金时间，距离，金钱，钱，货币货币 等的名词作主语时谓语用单等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。数。 2021/8/2618 B B， 当集合名词当集合名词 family, class, army, family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public, group, team, enemy, government, public, couplecouple 等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，等作主语时，

13、如果主语看作一个整体， 谓语用谓语用单数单数 ，如果看作其中的成员（个，如果看作其中的成员（个 体时）谓语用体时）谓语用 复数复数 。 C, C, 但集合名词但集合名词people, police, poultry(people, police, poultry(家家禽禽) , cattle. militia() , cattle. militia(民兵民兵).vermin().vermin(害虫害虫) )等在任何等在任何 情况下都用情况下都用 复复 数数 形形 式式 。2021/8/2619There a wolf and five goats in the picture. There T

14、here five goats and five goats and a wolf in the picture. a wolf in the picture. areare isis2021/8/2620总结：总结：A, A, 连词连词 or, eitheror, or, eitheror, neithernor,neithernor, not onlybut also, whetheror, not onlybut also, whetheror, notbut, notbut,等连词并列作主语时，等连词并列作主语时， 谓语与谓语与最近的主语最近的主语 保持一致。保持一致。 B, B, 在

15、在there there 或或herehere引导的句子，引导的句子，如果如果主语不只是一个主语不只是一个, ,谓语通常和邻近的主谓语通常和邻近的主语一致语一致. .2021/8/2621Now I have some Now I have some rhymes for you. rhymes for you. Read them aloud.Read them aloud.Do remember!Do remember!2021/8/26221. 1.谓语动词只用单数（谓语动词只用单数（1 1）：）： And And 连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。 Many aM

16、any a作主也如此，谓语动词应用单。作主也如此，谓语动词应用单。 no each every no each every 后单名，两种事是一概念，后单名，两种事是一概念， 不定式，动名词，主语从句谓全单。不定式，动名词，主语从句谓全单。 主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。2021/8/2623代词代词neither either each等，用作主语谓全等，用作主语谓全News，means，works，貌似复数实则单，貌似复数实则单还有还有-ics结尾学科词，国、书、剧名加格言；结尾学科词，国、书、剧名加格言；以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。以上情况请记清，谓语

17、动词全用单。时间货币与距离，谓语多单复少见。时间货币与距离，谓语多单复少见。1. 1.谓语动词只用单数（谓语动词只用单数（2 2）：）：2021/8/26242.2.谓语动词只用复数：谓语动词只用复数： 有些名词谓常复，有些名词谓常复，cattle,people,police等即这等即这般；般； the带形容词一类人，姓氏复数加定冠；带形容词一类人，姓氏复数加定冠； -s结尾的海峡，山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。结尾的海峡，山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。2021/8/26253. 3. 谓语动词可单可复谓语动词可单可复 （1 1） None, all, half ofNone, all, half

18、 of等，等，of of 之宾语定答案。之宾语定答案。 还有分数，百分数，仍据还有分数，百分数，仍据ofof宾语定复单。宾语定复单。 代词代词All All 指人谓复数，指人谓复数，AllAll指事谓用单。指事谓用单。 量词用法请注意，量词用法请注意， 谓语要随量词变。谓语要随量词变。 Rest, means, following, Rest, means, following, 等，意义决定其复、等，意义决定其复、单。单。 关系代词定从主语，谓语根据先行词判。关系代词定从主语，谓语根据先行词判。 Or, nor, but also, rather than,Or, nor, but also

19、, rather than, there bethere be就近原则挂嘴边。就近原则挂嘴边。2021/8/2626Practice makes perfectPractice makes perfect A number of students_gone for an outing.A number of students_gone for an outing. The number of students_increasing every year. The number of students_increasing every year. A. have; has B. is; have

20、 C. has; have D. A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; ishave; is2. Each student _got an English-Chinese 2. Each student _got an English-Chinese dictionary.dictionary. The students each_a dictionary. The students each_a dictionary.A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; hasA. have;

21、has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; has3. There_a pen, an ink-bottle, and some books on 3. There_a pen, an ink-bottle, and some books on it.it. There_some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. There_some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is A. is; are B. are; are C. are;

22、is D. is; isD. is; isDBA2021/8/26276. Only 80% of the students in the 6. Only 80% of the students in the class_League members. About 40% of Jims class_League members. About 40% of Jims income_has been spent on his new house.income_has been spent on his new house. A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes

23、A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; goD. is; go5.The policeman_standing at the street corner.5.The policeman_standing at the street corner. The police _searching for him. The police _searching for him. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; isD. is; isAC4.

24、My blue trousers_worn out.4. My blue trousers_worn out. One pair of trousers _not enough. One pair of trousers _not enough. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; isis D. are; isD2021/8/26287. Pang Siyu is the only one of the 7. Pang Siyu is the only one of the girlsg

25、irls who who the piano. the piano. (play)(play)8. Gao Han is one of the boys who 8. Gao Han is one of the boys who thethe piano.piano. 9. The wounded _ by the hospital. 9. The wounded _ by the hospital. A.have been taken inA.have been taken inB.has been taken inB.has been taken in C.have taken in C.

26、have taken in D.has D.has taken intaken in 9. After saying good-bye, the couple moved 9. After saying good-bye, the couple moved off and _ in the crowd.off and _ in the crowd. A. was lost B. were lost C. had lost D. A. was lost B. were lost C. had lost D. lostlostAB playplays2021/8/2629Ready for the

27、 challenge?Ready for the challenge?2021/8/2630Xiaoming: How do you evaluate How do you evaluate the portraits (the portraits (画像画像) that we ) that we havehave painted? painted? Teacher: Many a student Many a student hashas passed. Some students passed. Some students havehave done pretty well.done pr

28、etty well. Xiaoming: What about me?What about me? Teacher: There is only one There is only one student who student who has failedhas failed. . Thats you!Thats you!2021/8/2631 Xiaoming: Me? But most of my spared Me? But most of my spared time time has been spent has been spent in painting it.in paintin