高中英语名词性从句详细讲解-文档资料

1、.1 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause.2请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he

2、 stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主从主从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (宾从宾从) )( (表从表从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (定从定从) )( (主从主从) ).3n引导名词性从句的连接词：引导名词性从句的连接词： nthat（无意义，不可省，不充当任何（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）成分） nwhether, i

3、f（均表示（均表示“是否是否”表明从表明从句内容的不确定性）句内容的不确定性） nas if ,as though（均表示（均表示“好像好像”，“似乎似乎”） n以上在从句中均不充当任何成分以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 .4n连接代词连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever n连接副词连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在己

4、的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分从句中充当从句的成分 .5n不可省略的连词：不可省略的连词： n1. 介词后的连词介词后的连词 n2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。词不可省略。 nThat she was chosen made us very happy. nWe heard the news that our team had won. .6 在复合句中作主语的从句在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连引导词有连词词that，whether; 代词：代词：who, what ,which;副词：副词：when ,where, how, w

5、hy等等.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)主语从句主语从句.71.It + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary /It is necessary / important/ obviousimportant/ obvious

6、thatthat2.It + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us all that . 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定3.It + be + 名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是4.It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎I

7、t happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起.8n另注意在主语从句中用来表示另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，等语气时，谓语动词要用谓语动词要用 虚拟语气虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：，常用的句型有： nIt is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that nIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that .9 主语从句中的

8、主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数主句的谓语动词用单数形式形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定表语的单复数决定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareis.10n1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass wo

9、rd of your e-mail account. .(2005上海上海)n A. What is required B .What requiresn C It is required D. It requiresn2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京北京)n A. This B. There is C .That is D. It isn3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth

10、,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海)n A .where B .what C .that D. hown Exercises.11 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。1.She did not know what had happened. 2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one anothe

11、r.3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 宾语从句宾语从句 (作动词的宾语作动词的宾语)(作介词的宾语作介词的宾语)(作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语).12n1. 由连接词由连接词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 n由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时句时,第二个分句前的第二个分句前的that不可省不可省。例如：。例如： nWe must never think (that) we

12、 are good in everything while others are good in nothing. .13n注意：在注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、建议、决定建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用句常用“（should）+ 动词原形动词原形”。nI insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。我坚持要她自己工作。 nThe commander ord

13、ered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令司令员命令部队马上出发。员命令部队马上出发。 .14n2. 用用whether或或if引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与与if 在作在作“是否是否”的意思的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用，不用if： na. 引导引导主语从句主语从句并在并在句首句首时；时；b. 引导引导表语从句表语从句时；时；c . 引导从句作引导从句作介词宾语介词宾语时；

14、时；d. 从句后有从句后有“or not”时；时；e. 后接后接动词动词不定式不定式时。时。.15nWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. nThe question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? nEverything depends on whether we have enough money. nI wonder whether he will come or not. nCan you tell me whether to

15、go or to stay? .16 宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应”与与“否定转移否定转移” 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：谓语用肯定式。例如：He told me that he _ his job. (已经完成了工作已经完成了工作)时态呼应时态呼应否定转移否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不

16、会来这里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )had finished.17n4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：子情况，而使用不同时态。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study En

17、glish next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. .18当主句动词是过去时态（当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： nThe teacher told us that Tom had left us for Americ

18、a .19宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.20Exercises: “it”作形式主语或形式宾语：作形式主语或形式宾

19、语： 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB.

20、 yourselfC. itD. them ABBC.21在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样表语从句表语从句1.问题是我们和他已失去联系问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了天看起来要下雨了.The problem is_This is_.It looks_.that we have lost touch with him.how Henry solved the problem.as if it is going

21、 to rain.22n需要注意的，当主语是需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表时，表语从句要用语从句要用that引导而不是引导而不是because。nThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但可引导表语从句，但与之同义的与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从却通常不用于引导表语从句。句。 .23在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用. .一般放在名词一般放在名词fact , news , idea , promis

22、e, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之等之后后, ,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词. .引导词有连词引导词有连词 that(that(不能省不能省) )；少数情况下也可用连接副词等；少数情况下也可用连接副词等. .1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delay

23、ed will be discussed tomorrow.同位语从句同位语从句.24n同位语从句和同位语从句和定语从句定语从句的区别：的区别： nthat作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。略。 nI had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）引导同位语从句，不能省略） nHa

24、ve you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略） .25Exercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on i

25、n the classroom? (2005辽宁辽宁) A. that B. what c. as D. which3. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when

26、D. as.26(1) They want to know _ do to help us.(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what can they B. what they can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. where

27、 Alice had put B. where had Alice putA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he is B. w

28、ho he is C. who is it D. who it isBCI.语序问题语序问题考点归纳考点归纳D归纳归纳 在名词性从句中，除了在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首关联词在从句之首外，外，其它部分其它部分应用应用_的语序的语序。陈述陈述.27II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空n1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.n4. It depends on

29、 _ we will have enough money.n5. _ they can do it matters little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用，不能用if ；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not 时时, 用用_.归纳归纳whetherwhether.28III. that 与与whether

30、 / if 的选择：的选择： (1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he

31、 will come soon?whether / ifthatthat 表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用表示肯定时用_归纳归纳whether /ifthat.291._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语

32、，起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语， 表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳归纳. that， what引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别.30. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ brea

33、ks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引导的名词性从句等引导的名词性从句不不含有疑问意义含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而而n_等引导的名词性从句都等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho, what .311. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild

34、 flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame. AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. ThoseExercises.32. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气：名词性从句中的虚拟语气：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It wa

35、s suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表示表示建议建议, 请求请求, 命令命令, 要求要求,坚持坚持等的名词性从句中等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气.归纳归纳.332.在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇惊奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理

36、应如此理应如此等等, 谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气( should ) + do,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc,) that e.g.It is strange that she (should) think so.34试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were

37、 talking about?注意：注意：1. 1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的同位语从句中的thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。 2. 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。( (同从同从) )( (定从定从) )拓展拓展.351.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; becauseConsolidation:.364. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A.