毕业论文-浅析提升空乘人员素质改进服务质量

1、.目 录内容摘要1前言1一、空乘人员职业素质概述11、职业素质的概念12、空乘人员职业素质的重要性1二、我国空乘人员素质与服务质量现状分析21、我国空乘服务质量现状分析22、我国空乘人员职业素质的现状分析3(1)学历水平较低3(2)现有空乘职业教学要求难以满足实际服务需求3(3) 空乘人员职业生涯较短33、 影响空乘人员职业素质的原因3(1) 空乘人员的亲和力观念较弱，亲和力较差3(2)空乘人员缺乏应有的心理素质4(3)空乘人员缺乏对乘务职业的坚持4三、提高空乘服务质量的建议51、提高空乘专业教学质量52、掌握沟通技巧，提高空乘服务质量53、航空公司要完善用人体制，提高服务质量54、充分发挥自

2、身优势，充分利用非语言因素6四、结论6参考文献6Abstract7后 记8;浅析提升空乘人员素质改进服务质量内容摘要：随着我国航空业市场的不断发展以及各个航空公司之间的激烈竞争，旅客对空乘服务质量的要求也越来越高。因此，空乘服务质量很大程度上决定了一个航空公司能否争取到更多的客源，进而在激烈的竞争中站稳脚跟。文章就提高我国民航空乘人员素质与改进服务质量的方法展开研究，阐述了提高空乘服务质量的重要性。关键词：空乘 素质 服务质量Analysis to enhance the quality of the flight attendants to improve quality of servic

3、eAbstract: With the fierce competition between the continuous development of the aviation industry in China market as well as airlines, passengers on the flight attendants quality of service requirements are also getting higher and higher. Therefore, an airline flight attendant service quality large

4、ly determines the ability to win more customers and thus gain a firm foothold in the fierce competition. The article on improving the quality of China's civil aviation flight attendants and improvement of the quality of service to commence a study of the importance of flight attendants to improv

5、e the quality of service.Keywords: flight attendants quality of service quality前言随着我国经济的不断发展，服务业在整个国民经济中的比重越来越大。民航空乘服务是民航运输服务的重要组成部分，它直接反映了航空公司的服务质量。并且我国的民航事业已经进入到了高速发展的阶段。现代的民航运输不仅仅是运输行业的窗口，也和人们的基本生活越来越紧密，并且带动了民航人才需求的急剧增长。在激烈的航空市场竞争中，直接为旅客服务的空乘人员的工作态度和服务质量，对航空公司占领市场、赢得更多的回头客起着至关重要的作用。如何做好服务，如何让旅客满意

6、，一直是乘务员所奋斗的目标，也是航空公司是否能够生存的关键所在。总之，航空公司要想在激烈的市场竞争中赢得更多的旅客，就必须提高服务理念和服务质量。因此，成功的企业无一不是在服务质量上大做文章、凭其优良的服务质量取胜。一、空乘人员职业素质概述1、职业素质的概念职业素质是劳动者对社会职业了解与适应能力的一种综合体现，其主要表现在职业兴趣、职业能力、职业个性及职业情况等方面。影响和制约职业素质的因素很多，主要包括：受教育程度、实践经验、社会环境、工作经历以及自身的一些基本情况（如身体状况等）。2、空乘人员职业素质的重要性飞机客舱服务是民航运输服务的重要组成部分,它直接反映了航空公司的服务质量。在激烈

7、的航空市场竞争中，直接为旅客服务的空乘人员的形象和工作态度，对航空公司占领市场，赢得更多的回头客起着重要的作用。二、我国空乘人员素质与服务质量现状分析20世纪90年代后期，国内各航空公司之间进行了激烈的价格战。在企业利益严重受损后，市场竞争的关注点逐渐回归于理性，开始把高质量的空乘服务作为企业取得竞争优势的法宝。但现有的空乘服务人才市场呈现出整体发展水平偏低的状况，并且缺乏有效的沟通，缺乏市场的规范性和统一性，培养空乘人员的目标也不够明确。人力资源作为民航发展的核心要素，已经成为进一步推动我国民航事业发展的关键。如何有效提高空乘服务质量，以及如何通过服务质量争取更多旅客，从而取得更大的经济效益

8、，必定越来越受到航空公司管理者的重视。1、我国空乘服务质量现状分析我国民航业一直属于国家所有，属于国有垄断行业。现有的国际航空、东方航空、西北航空、西南航空、北方航空等十几家大型航空公司。长期的“闭关自守”、“养尊处优”，使我国的航空公司相对于国外的波音、麦道等航空公司差距很大，如竞争意识淡薄、考核制度不健全，再加上资金缺乏导致的技术革新慢、飞机设备老化、人才流失严重等诸多问题都直接阻碍了我国民航业的发展。如果说技术、设备是航空部门的硬件，那么服务则是民航部门的软件。尤其以其服务窗口乘务服务为甚。而我国空乘服务人员服务意识差、综合素质偏低、年龄性别结构单一等问题已是不争事实。影响空乘服务质量的

9、原因主要有以下几点：（一）客舱环境较为复杂飞机的机舱虽然经过了专业设计，但是仍然避免不了较强的大气辐射，同时氧气含量低、噪音明显、颠簸强烈。在这样一个特殊的环境中工作，乘务员所受到的健康危害要比其他工作的环境恶劣得多。（二）服务对象的特殊性空乘人员在服务工作中会接触到很多特殊的情景和各种心理状态的旅客，他们在处理问题的过程中很容易遭受到不必要的委屈与指责，这必然会影响他们的工作效率与质量。（三）招聘空乘人员的标准不够科学长期以来，航空公司招聘乘务员对学历和工作经验要求很低，甚至只要求中专文化程度，近几年才改为大专学历。招聘时也主要偏重于招聘人员的外貌，加之一些简单的语言问答，没有把乘务员的服务

10、意识和心理素质放为重点，而这两项正是保证服务质量的关键因素所在。（四）空乘人员培训的力度不够空乘人员培训内容较为单一，很难使员工获得完整系统的知识结构和工作技能，并且大部分国内航空公司的带飞过程较短。在此之后，实习乘务员只能凭借摸索着学习和自我学习来提高自身的服务技能。员工之间也缺乏良好的沟通交流，航空公司长期积累的实践经验不能得到良好的继承和发扬。（五）薪酬分配不合理合理的薪酬分配可以不断地激励员工向更高的职位挑战并且直接关系到员工的工作热情。现在很多航空公司不能体现多劳多得的原则。占主要比例的是乘务员的飞行小时费不合理，以及国际和国内航线的过夜费远远高于飞行小时费。这些原因都导致乘务员对短

11、途航线飞行积极性不高，甚至消极怠工，严重影响服务质量。2、我国空乘人员职业素质的现状分析(1)学历水平较低根据有关资料显示，空中乘务员在面试过程中，并没有对学历做具体要求，本科、专科、职专、职高都没有界定，而且专业也没有明确要求，其中专科生占比例较大，以貌取人的情况没有在根本上杜绝。由此带来的个人素质也是有高有低，难以确保航空服务行业的行业素质，尤其是最为关键的个人素质，在一定情况下决定了公司的形象，更成为影响一个航空公司成长壮大的限制性因素。(2)现有空乘职业教学要求难以满足实际服务需求自90年代中期以来，我国航空运输企业发展迅速。为了确保航线与航班的正常开通，民航职工人数也在短短的几年内迅

12、速膨胀。与之相适应的是各种层次、各种规模的空乘院校的成立和空乘专业的设置。在中专这一学历层次，此专业大都收费高、教学内容匮乏、师资力量薄弱、管理散漫，但这类学校的负责人大多与航空公司有或多或少的联系，学生被选为空乘人员的可能性很大，所以教学环节一直未被重视。因此，很多空乘人员受到的专业教育欠缺，严重影响了空乘服务质量。(3) 空乘人员职业生涯较短据一份资料显示：人才的成长要经历基础、成熟、发展和收获四个阶段，即人的最佳年龄在2425岁之间。而我国的空乘职业几乎成为青春职业，女性在25岁以后人生阅历丰富、心理发展成熟、应变能力强时却陆续由于各种原因失去了飞上蓝天的机会。可以说，我国空乘人员职业寿

13、命短暂，现已形成了年龄偏低的怪圈。空姐大赛中年龄最小的才18岁，平均年龄也不过22岁。这也是前几年国内某航空公司招空嫂引起轰动的原因之一。3、 影响空乘人员职业素质的原因(1) 空乘人员的亲和力观念较弱，亲和力较差亲和力作为一种人与人交往、相处的亲近动机、亲近行为和亲近能力，有其特定的涵义和构成因素。准确把握其涵义与构成因素，进而深入探析空乘服务亲和力的基本要求以及制约空乘服务亲和力得以提高和增强的基本因素。在我国航空服务工作中，许多乘务人员对服务亲和力的认识有所提高，也在实践中探索提高服务亲和力的方法和途径。但是，由于多种原因的影响，我们对航空服务亲和力的重视和发挥还不够，我国航空服务的亲和

14、力还比较弱。这一问题的突出表现就是航空服务的针对性较弱、吸引力和感染力不够强、实效性较差。随着我国进入WTO，对外贸易的增加，以及国内经济的快速发展，我国的航空业也迎来了新的发展机遇，客运航线的不断开辟，增加了空中服务岗位的需求，从而带动了国内航空乘务员培训机构的迅速发展。航空培训市场的不规范，带来了各种培训机构办学质量的参差不齐现象。导致了乘务人员素质普遍比较低下，服务观念不强，亲和力观念较弱。(2)空乘人员缺乏应有的心理素质随着社会的飞速发展，人们的生活节奏正在日益加快，竞争越来越强烈，人们的观念意识、情感态度复杂嬗变。空乘人员作为一个特殊的工作团体，对工作的适应问题，理想与现实的冲突问题

15、，人际关系的处理以及学习、恋爱中的矛盾问题等等。因此，空乘人员的心理素质较大的影响着服务质量。一个合格的空乘人员应具备以下心理素质：1.情绪控制能力：应含括两个方面的内容。其一，准确认识和表达自身情绪的能力。其二，有效地调节和管理情绪的能力。当飞行延误时，有的乘务人员不急不躁，沉稳冷静的心态去面对旅客的问题和不良情绪，才能保证有效且良好的沟通从而得到旅客的谅解，有效的控制客舱的安全。有的乘务人员心理承受能力弱，惊慌失措，思绪混乱，顾此失彼，语调失控，原本不是很不稳定的旅客情绪被他糟糕的状态影响的更加不稳定，甚至引起旅客的情绪失控，从而引发不安全事件。情绪控制能力的不良表现还常常体现在以下几个方

16、面: （1）将生活中的不利情绪带到工作当中。（2）对机组的配合不满意，产生敌对情绪。（3）对自身的工作能力过于自信，近乎狂妄。无论什么情况，乘务人员都要保持冷静平和情绪，激动和消极都会直接影响飞行安全。从而影响空乘人员服务质量。 2.沟通协调能力：飞行乘务员和飞行员、本班组的其它成员、地面单位、旅客的交流水平。一个性格内向、孤僻、古怪、冷漠、敏感的人在这方面往往比开朗、无私、大度、坦诚、友善的人要差得多。一旦遭遇紧急情况，地面无法和机组有效沟通协调，机组无法和乘务组有效沟通协调，乘务组无法和旅客有效沟通协调，可以想象这个样一种情况还怎么保证安全。3.应变创造能力：工作中随时可能遇到突发性特殊情

17、况，如，飞机劫持，发动机停车，起落架卡阻，座舱失密，无线电失效等。能调节好自身沉着的情绪外，还得随机应变既要组织正常飞行，又要有力妥善处置特情，不因循守旧，要具体情况具体对待，有变通性、创造性，能在短时间内建立立体思维。4.语言表达能力 ：语言表达能力对于我们空乘人员来说是非常重要的，因为，我们和旅客更好的沟通关键就在与此，有了良好的沟通我们才能为旅客更好的服务。所以，好的语言表达能力是每位空乘人员必须做到的。因为，每个人的心情不同，对工作的态度就会不同，心情好时，人们会对工作充满热情，会积极上进，相反，当人们受到外界因素的影响，如家庭矛盾，工作中和同事的磨擦等等，而自己还不能快速的调节自己，

18、人们多多少少都会把这种情绪带到工作中去，产生消极的影响。所以，心理素质不好的服务人员的服务质量也不会好。(3)空乘人员缺乏对乘务职业的坚持空中乘务人员对自己工作的定位不够准确，大部分人认为空姐吃的是青春饭，一旦过了结婚生子的年龄，这项工作将不再适合自己，从而在心理上，就先打了退堂鼓，在工作过程中，一旦出现了坎坷、疲劳，就出现了放弃的念头，这是对自己的不负责任，空中乘务专业本就就是一项责任心很强的专业，当自己对自己都不负责的时候，更何况谈对乘客、对公司的责任心。因此，如果一个空乘人员做不到坚持不懈的工作态度、持之以恒的工作心态，便做不好自己的的本职工作，更谈不上热爱这份神圣而美丽的工作，微笑服务

19、更是空中楼阁，因而更不会有好的服务质量了。三、提高空乘服务质量的建议1、提高空乘专业教学质量随着我国民航与国外民航业的接轨，我国民航业不仅需要专业教育培养出高水平的基础研究型人才，而且需要大量动手能力、实践能力都比较强的实用型人才。我国目前绝大多数的职业教育是由技校、职高等中等职业学校来承担，这就在很大程度上制约了我国企业应用型人才的素质。因此开展丰富多彩的高等职业教育，是保障企业应用型人才质量的根本。在办学方面，沈阳航空工业学院捷足先登，已于1999 年首家开设了公关（空乘方向）专科专业，以适应国民经济发展的需要。此外，哈尔滨等一些城市的地方大学也都先后开设空乘专业，这是个很好的趋势。但办学

20、时既要有专业特色，同时还要注意拓宽专业口径，本着厚基础、宽口径、强能力、高素质的发展模式培养人才，为学生将来就业广开渠道。2、掌握沟通技巧，提高空乘服务质量沟通技巧要为语言技巧与非语言技巧沟通中“说”是最重要的因素，空乘人员在沟通之前一定要具备清晰、富有逻辑的思维，主动表达自己的沟通动机，理清自己的内心感受，理清对方的内心感受，冲突要先缓和，并且遵循多赞扬，少批评的原则，主要做到以下几个方面：第一,记住旅客的姓或名，主动与其打招呼，称呼要得当，根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，使用称呼时要遵循就高不就低的原则，让旅客觉得备受重视。第二,以旅客为中心，尊重他人。在与旅客沟通的过程当中，务必要记住以旅客为

21、中心，放弃自我中心论。做到心平气和、不乱发牢骚，这样不仅自己快乐、涵养性高，旅客也会心情愉悦。第三,培养开朗活泼的个性，幽默风趣的言行，在一种愉快的氛围当中，这种快乐的情绪不但会感染别人，也会使沟通变得更加容易。但需要注意的是幽默要不失分寸，风趣但不显轻浮，否则会事与愿违。第四,对待旅客一定要真诚，旅客受伤时要发自内心真诚地安慰他，旅客有困难时要发自内心真诚地帮助他。第五,处事果断、富有主见，充满自信的人容易激发他人的沟通动机，博得旅客的信任，产生使人乐意交往的魅力。3、航空公司要完善用人体制，提高服务质量（1）透明招聘制度，广开招聘渠道。现在的空乘招聘在社会上基本上是秘而不宣的，老百姓知之甚

22、少。航空公司能仿效大学招生一样广而告之，离招聘制度法制化也就为期不远了。（2） 放宽年龄界限，招收高学历的人才。招收高学历的人才一方面可解决我国空乘人员综合素质偏低的弊病，另一方面又能充分打破空乘人员年龄偏低的格局。（3）调整性别结构，打破“重女轻”的传统思想束缚长期以来“空姐”几乎成了空乘人的代名词，然而女性温柔有余，刚性不足。而刚毅、果敢又恰恰是空中乘务人员必备的应变能力之一，关键时刻的千钧一举，也许可取得意想不到的效果。加大男性乘务人员的招聘比例可望缓解空中服务性别单一弊端。4、充分发挥自身优势，充分利用非语言因素   与旅客沟通时要注意与旅客保持最佳的谈话

23、距离和身体姿势。眼睛是心灵的窗户，与旅客沟通时要注视着对方，以示尊重，但绝对不能死死地盯住旅客，并且注意声音与视觉保持协调一致。悦耳的声音会让人产生如沐春风的感觉，与旅客沟通时一定要注意语音语调和语速。无论何时记住最重要的一点，微笑是人类最富魅力的语言，与旅客沟通的时候一定要注意保持真诚、开朗的笑容。四、结论作为空乘人员，就要敢于到实践中去磨练自己的毅志，坚持实践第一的观点，让自己在实践中经风雨、见世面、长才干，不断增强社会适应能力。在工作和学习中空乘人员要善于用辩证唯物主义的观点看问题，全面的分析问题所在的原因，破除思想障碍，以平和的心态，去待人接物，在条件艰苦和复杂的环境中空乘人员要增强自

24、己克服实际困难、解决复杂问题的能力，造就自己健康崇高的人格。作为空乘人员，还应该具有独立、坚强、干练、果断等基本素质，注意刚与柔的适度。要看到自己的长处，增强信心，要进一步解放思想，更新观念，摒弃循规蹈矩的思想，牢固树立开放意识，勇于接受新的事物，接受不同的意见，多方位提高自己，树立发展意识。要不断适应社会环境、工作环境、生活环境甚至人为环境增强社会责任感。参考文献1王双武.特制化营销打造客舱服务持续性竞争优势J.空运商务.2009(04) 2林晨,王晓光.中国民航:沉重的起飞J.瞭望.1993(14) 3刘明会,李澍奇.提升航空客舱服务质量的措施J.经营与管理.2010(06)4高勇,陈君慧

25、.航空公司客舱文化研究-婉曲在服务言语中的运用J.中国民用航空. 2010(05) 5韩明亮,张娟,李琪.航空公司旅客服务质量实证研究J.中国民航学院学报. 2005(01) 6王云访,李飞龙.客舱品牌服务-航空公司核心竞争力之一J.空运商务. 2007(07) 7刘明会,李澍奇.提升航空客舱服务质量的措施J.经营与管理.2010(06) 8谢春讯,陈力华.我国民航服务质量的调查与分析J.江苏航空.2003(01) 9顾世敏.旅客的生存机会J.航空知识.1997(12) 10陈继斌.浅谈提升“两舱”服务的有效途径J.空运商务.2009(07)11王淼.做好服务就是营销-对航空货运服务的思考J.

26、空运商务.2010(04)12陈立.超越价格战-浅谈航空公司的服务营销J.中国民用航空.2008(03)后 记毕业论文终于完成了，而我在写论文的过程中，付出了很多辛苦，也学到了很多东西，在这期间也得到了很多老师同学的帮助。所以，我首先要感谢我的导师，不仅孜孜不倦的传授知识、教导我，从不厌烦的指出我论文中的每个错误，当我在论文研究过程中遇到任何问题，导师都会帮助我一一解答，并教会我如何学习，您的聪明才智、严谨治学的态度我是一辈子都不会忘的，并指导我以后生活的道路。当然，我还要感谢帮助我的同学，在写论文期间，我学会了如何与同学相互学习，在遇到困难是，给我提出了很多好的意见，你们让我感受到了友情的可

27、贵。 还要感谢在研究过程中帮助的老师与师兄、师姐，虽然你们也有自己的课题、任务，但还是会给我莫大的鼓舞与支持，我衷心的向你们致敬。 本次论文只是我的一些浅陋的见解，如有错误和疏漏之处，希望各位老师、专家给与批评指导。为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2 Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese为你提供优秀的毕业论文设计参考资料，请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢

28、！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare wi

29、thout careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the

30、 possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that you' ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-lo

31、ng holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming "Golden Week" it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearn

32、s for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, "China Inner Mongolia

33、 Arxan Hailar Manzhouli". It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Kha

34、n. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast al

35、pine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name "Haren Arxan" means "hot holy water" in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand pr

36、airies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green.  Nestled close to the country's largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment

37、, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth.  You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions.  Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by th

38、e footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland.  Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of th

39、e nature wonder.  The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it's time for the wild fruits

40、to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowher

41、d, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the sto

42、ry goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine f

43、orm. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds o

44、f years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang's mise

45、ry, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creati

46、ng the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh

47、month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposi

48、te sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the "Begging for Skills Festival" or "Daughters' Festival." In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the ni

49、ght of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The

50、 love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine's Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of rose

51、s, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the "Chinese Valentine's Day." More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Few

52、er people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying "Sales on Chinese Valentine's Day!&q

53、uot; in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more t

54、han 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. As APEC is going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a ser

55、ies of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during var

56、ious periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did no

57、t know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quit

58、e natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talke

59、d about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beauti