初中英语情态动词讲解-练习及答案

1、一、 考点、热点回忆【词汇辨析】1. sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time:情态动词sometimes: some times: sometime:some time:有“时 ” =at times. he is sometimes late for school.几次“ ” i have been to nanjing some times.某“一时刻 ” i bought it sometime last spring.we ll meet again sometimenext week.一“段时间 ” we have to stay here

2、 for some time.2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1) many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不行数名词；都表示很多；例如：很多书很多牛奶2a few 和 a little 都表示 "有一点儿 " ，侧重于确定，相当于"some" ，但 a few 修饰可数名词，a little 修饰不行数名词，例如：he has a few friends in london.-would you like some coffee.-yes, just a little.3few 和 little 表

3、示 " 几乎没有 " ，侧重 否定 ；few 后接可数名词，little 后接不行数名词；例如：he is a strange man. he has few words. hurry up, there is little time left.【固定搭配】加-ingbe busy doing sth.忙于做eg: mother is busy cooking.look forward to + doing sth.期望做eg: tom looks forward to seeing his father again. thank you for doing sth.为了感

4、谢你eg: thank you for your help.have fun doing sth开心地做某事eg: i had great fun playing in the water.=have a good time doing stheg: i had a good time playing in the water. have problem/trouble/difficulty indoing sth.做某事有困难eg: i have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours.【情态动词】又叫情态助动词；它们具有以下特点 ： 它们必需

5、与其他动词连用，即：情态动词动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等； 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数不加-s（以 be 和 have 开头的情态动词短语除外）； 在意义上，情态动词具有“多义性 ”；例： can 既可表示才能，又可表示可能、答应等意义；【情态动词的基本用法】1. can 的基本用法： 表示体力或智力上的才能，即“能够，会 ”，可与 be able to 转换；例： he can speak english. = he is able to speak english. can you play basketball. no, i ca

6、n . t假如表示 将来 具备的才能，要用willbe able to； 例： if i have a good sleep, i will be able to do the problem. 表示 许可 ，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may；例： can we go home now, please. no, you can . tyou can only smoke in this room.you can kteep the library books for more than a month. 表示 “可能 ”，与 may 同义，但一般用在疑问句中；例： what can he po

7、ssibly want.在否定句中，否定形式cant 表示估计 “不大可能 ”；例： anybody can make mistakes.the news can bte true.与第一、二人称连用时，仍可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议 ；在这里，也可用could 使语气动听 ；1例： can / could we meet again next week.下周我们可以再见面吗？ what shall we do.我们怎么办呢？ we can / could try asking lucy for help. 我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看；you can / could help

8、me with the cooking.你可以帮我做饭；2. may 的基本用法 : 表示 “许可 ”，用 can 比较口语化；例： you may / can come if you wish.假如你想来，你就来；you may not pick flowers in this park.本公园内不许摘花；（ may not 表示按规定不许可，假如用mustnt就表示说话人不许可；） may i smoke here.我可以在这里抽烟吗？ no, you mustn t不. 行；（ mustn 表t示明确的禁止；） 确定句中表示估计，“可能 ”；例： it may rain tomorrow

9、.明天可能会下雨；the news may not be true.这个消息可能不会是真的；留意：假如 在疑问句中表示“可能 ”，通常用can ；例： can it be true.那会是真的吗？who can he be.他到底是谁呢？ 【留意】 ： may i /we？yes, you may ./ no, you mustn .t3. must 的基本用法 : 表示 必需 ，强调说话人的主观意志；例： i must go now, or ill be late.you must be here by ten o clock.【留意】：表示“必需 “时， must 的否定式为neednt，

10、或 don t have to,而不是 mustnt；也就是： must i/we do it now ？yes, you must .no , you needn /tdon thave to .例： must i go with them. no, you. 表示 估计 ，一般只用于 确定陈述句 ,表示特别确定；例： she didn t look at me. shme ust be angry.她不朝我看，肯定是愤怒了； he is good at english. he must know the word.他英语好，准知道这个词； you must be mr. jones.想必您

11、就是琼斯先生吧；4. have to 的基本用法：have to 可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同；其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而haveto却有人称和数的变化，要视主语的不同而变化；例： i / you / we / theyhave to.he / she / it has to . you don htave to . does she have to .have to=have got to ，意思是 “必需，不得不”；和 must 不同之处： must 强调主观需要have to 强调客观需要；例 ： sorry, i have to leave now.对不起

12、，现在我得走了；ive got to go to a meeting.我得去参与一个会议；will he have to work deep into the night.他将不得不工作到深夜吗？5. need 的基本用法：need 的基本词义是 “需要 ”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词； need 用作 情态动词 时，只用于否定句和疑问句；它只有一种形式，后接动词原形；例： i don t believe youneed worry.我信任你没有必要着急； need we go so soon. 我们需要这么早就去吗？ yes, we must . / no, we needn .t是的

13、，必需；不，不必； so i needn tetll him, need i.所以我不需要告知他，对吧？请比较以下两句话的不同意思：2you needn t butyhe coat.你没有必要买那件外衣；（你仍没买）you needn t have boughthte coat.你没有必要买这件外衣的；（而你却买了）【留意】 ： needi/we？ yes， you must ./ no , you needn /tdon thave to . need 用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化；假如 人作主语 ，一般后接带to 的动词不定式；即need to do sth ；假如 物作主语 ，

14、一般后用need to be done或 need doing sth ；例如： i need to look up this word in the dictionary.my watch needs mending /to be mended .我的手表需要修理了；we don t neetdo work today.= we needn wtork today. does he need to go right now.= need he go right now.6. had better的基本用法：had bette r 常略作 d bette；r现代语法认为它是一个助动词，由于它后

15、接不带to 的动词不定式；had better do sth意思是 “最好做某事；仍是做某事比较好”；例： you d bettegret some sleep.你最好睡一会儿；you d better nodto that again.你最好别再做那件事；what had we better do now.我们现在怎么做才好呢？hadntwe better tell her the truth.我们是否最好不告知她真相.【留意】： youdbetter.表示劝说或委婉的命令，对长辈不宜使用；7. could, should, would, might表示估计： . must 多用于确定句中表

16、示把握性极大的估计,意思为 “肯定、确定 ”；如: you have worked hard all day. you must be tired.你已辛苦工作一成天了,肯定累了； the book must be his. his name is on the cover.这本书肯定是他的,封面上写着他的名字；【留意】must不表估计时 ,在确定句中意思为“必需 强调内在的职责 ”在,否定句 中意思为 “不许、禁止 ”以,它开头的疑问句否定回答常用neednt或 dont doesn t have；to如:we must obey the traffic rules.我们必需遵守交通规章；c

17、ars mustn t be parked he此re处.严禁停车；must we hand in the papers this week.我们必需本星期交论文吗. no, you needn不t,.你们不必 本星期交 ； . can / could多用于 否定句、疑问句或感叹句 中表示 估计、怀疑 ,两者在时间上没有差别；用can 时不信任的程度更强一些 , cant经常译为 “不行能 ”；如:the man under the tree canttobme. he s gone to england这. 个人不行能是tom, 他已经去英国了；can it be true that he

18、was fooled by a five-year-old boy.他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了,这能是真的吗. could this be an excuse. 这会不会是个借口.how can you be so careless.你怎么这样马虎. .may / might多用来表示 把握性不大的估计,意思为 “或许、可能 ”, might比 may 的把握性更小一些；may not在否定句中经常译为“可能不 ”；留意区分 “不行能 ”与“可能不 ”在把握性大小上的差异；如:mr. wang may know professor lis telephonuemnber.王先生或许知道李教授的电

19、话号码；this might bethe key tom has been looking for. 这可能就是汤姆始终在找的钥匙；she may not be there today. 今日她可能不在那儿；二、 典型例题【中考链接】（） 1 who is the man over there. is it mr. li. no, it be him. mr. li is much taller.a. mustntb. may noc. can td. neednt（） 2 must i go with them tomorrow？ no， you .a. mustn'tb. shou

20、ldn'tc. needn'td. can't（） 3 i take some photos in the hall. no, you .a. can, needntb. m ust, mustn tc. could, won t d. may, mustnt（） 4 dad, must i finish my homework today. no, you . you may do it tomorrow.a. needn tb. mustn tc. don td. won t（） 5 the lake is said to be dry. is that true.

21、 it .look, some kids are swimming in it.a. must be trueb. can t be truec. may not be true（） 6 what is your mother going to do this saturday.3 i m not surse.he go to see my grandmother.a. canb. mustc. may（） 7 susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool. it be very expensive. i never even drea

22、m about it.a. mustb. mightc. can td. shouldn t（） 8 listen. is professor johnson giving a report in the hall.no, itbe him. he has gone to japan.a. needntb. may notc. mustntd. cant（） 9let s go to the west hill park by taxi.oh, it is not far away from here. we take a taxi.a. couldn tb. mustn tc. needn

23、td. can t（） 10 can you play the piano.yes, i . i often practice it on weekends.a. needn tb. needc. can td. can三、课后练习一、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better 的适当形式填空：1. you return the library book on time.2. i not find the way to the hospital. you show me the way.3. i finish the work right now.

24、no, you not. you do it later.4. he said he not come tonight.5. her mother was ill. she stay at home and look after her.6. it s time for class. you stop playing football or you be late for class.7. we start right now, or they would get there first.8. the cloud is lifting, so it not be a rainy day tom

25、orrow.二、挑选填空（） 1.do we have to finish our homework this afternoon. yes, you .a. mustb. canc. mayd. need（） 2. must i be in hospital for a week ， doctor. no， you. you can go back home tomorrow.a.mustn tb. needn tc. must（） 3. the desk is not dirty. you clean it.a. mustn tb. shouldntc. needn tc. can t（）

26、 4. may i watch tv for a while？ no, you . you have to finish your homework first.a. shouldn tb. needn tc. mustn td. won t（） 5. is jessica giving us a speech this evening. no, it be her. she to japan.a. mustn t; has goneb. mustn t ;has beenc. can t ;has goned. can t ;has been（） 6. its the library. so

27、 you know shouting is not allowed here.a. canb. mustc. needd. may（） 7. boys and girls, dont forget your report . it today.a. can tisfihnb. can t be finishedc. should finishd. should be finished（） 8.mr smith must have been to your home this morning. no, he ,because he didn t know my address.a. couldn

28、 tb. can tc. mustn td. may not（） 9. must i mop up the window now. no, you .a. needn tb. can tc. shouldntd. mustn t（） 10. is lucy knocking at the door. no. it be lucy. she is in japan now.a. needn tb. mustc. cant（） 11. another cup of coffee. no, thanks. i be off. mary is waiting for me.a. canb. mayc.

29、 mustd. might（） 12. i m a little tired. lets go to the zoo by taxi. wetake a taxi. ita. can tb. mustn s not far from here. tc. couldn td. neednt4（） 13. if the traffic light is red, you cross the road. its very dangerous.a. don tb. mustn tc. needn td. wouldnt（） 14. must i finish watering the flowers

30、now.no, you .a. mustb. won tc. needn td. cant（） 15. i can t give up smoking, doctor. for your health, i m afraid you .a. mayb. canc. have tod. must（） 16. it is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it be rather cold sometimes.a. mustb. canc. shouldd. would（） 17. our class won the english speakin

31、g contest.congratulations. you be very proud of it.a. canb. needc. wouldd. must（） 18. excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting. i m not sure. ask our monitor, please. heknow.a. canb. mayc. needd. shall（） 19. i borrow these magazines. sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowe

32、d.a. mustb. wouldc. mayd. need（） 20. if the traffic light is red, you cross the road. its dangerous.a. don tb. needn tc. mustn td. wouldnt5情态动词典型例题例 1 答案c分析：表示否定的推测用cant；must 表示估计时，意为“肯定 ”，只能用于确定句，而must的否定 must not（ mustn't ）表示 “不应当 ”、“不许可 ”、“不准 ”、“禁止 ”等；例 2 答案c 分析：在回答带有must 的问句时， 否定式常用need not = needn't ，表示 “不必 ”，而不用 must not ，由于 must not 表示 “不行以 ”；例 3 答案d分析：此题第一句是恳求对方的答应，需要用may ，其否定式为mustn；t例 4 答案 a；对于以情态动词must 提问的疑问句，否定回答要用“no, 主语 +neednt，”故由问句中的must 和答句中的 no 可选 a ；例 5 答案 b例 6 答案c例 7 答案 a考查情态动词must 表示确定的估计；