短文改错专练

1、六招轻取短文改错 焦作十一中 周威不是我们笨，而是我们没有掌握方法！六招概览一、查时态是否一致一、查时态是否一致二、查主谓是否一致二、查主谓是否一致三、查指代是否一致三、查指代是否一致四、查平行结构是否平行一致四、查平行结构是否平行一致五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致一致六、查行文逻辑是否一致六、查行文逻辑是否一致一、查时态是否一致一、查时态是否一致时态错误几乎是每年NMET短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时状语是否相符和一致。例如： Today, it is much easier

2、to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET 93) is 应改was， 使之与时间状语in the past一致。二、查主谓是否一致二、查主谓是否一致在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时，在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时，还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。例如：持了一致。例如：1.Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (NMET 94)cost应改应改为为costs，因，因 其主语是其主语是it(

3、为形式主语为形式主语)，且上下文，且上下文均为一般现在时。均为一般现在时。2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class(NMET93)由由or连接连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式，故语的单复数形式，故become应改为应改为becomes。主谓语一致的情况较为复杂，考生平时学习要主谓语一致的情况较为复杂，考生平时学习要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视，如关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况被

4、忽视，如关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况等，答题时要高度重视。等，答题时要高度重视。三、查指代是否一致三、查指代是否一致对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致，包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如：1.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe(NMET92)根据上下文 ，句中的They属指代不一致，应改为We。2.The game speaks for themselves.

5、 ( MET90) 句中的反身代词themselves应改为单数itself，因为指代的是单数主语the game。四、查平行结构是否平行一致四、查平行结构是否平行一致由and，or，but，eitheror，neithernor，not only but also，as well as等并列连词和词 组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行，这也是常设的错误。例如：Modern people know，have better food，and to live in cleaner surroundings.(N

6、MET93)应将 to live前的to删掉，因为and连接的是know，have，live三个并列平行的谓语动词，其时态和形式必须一致。 五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致否一致名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。例如：1.They have been to Europe many time. (NMET92)time(次)显然与修饰语many不一致，应改为times。2.(They) asked me lots of question.(NMET96)question 是可数名词，其修饰词是lots o

7、f，当然应该用复数questions。 六、查行文逻辑是否一致六、查行文逻辑是否一致查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑，以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如come与go，take与bring)的误用所造成的，应多从这方面去查找。 例如：1.Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.(NM ET93)根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when/whenever或if来引导时间或 条

8、件状语从句。2.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET91)根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but。 答题时请从以下几点着眼：n1.句中的时态、主谓、代词一致吗?n2.句中的谓语完整吗?n3.习惯用法固定搭配正确吗?n4.冠词、形容词、副词及关系词得当吗?n5.该用被动语态吗?n6.从句的连接词对了吗?n7.从句中的谓语完整吗?典型例文Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? I suppose you do. But Idlike to tell you what

9、 a bad day I had yesterday. Nothingjust went wrong. On the morning, my alarm clock didnt ring,since I woke up an hour late. I was in such a hurry that I burnt myhand when I was cooking the breakfast. Then I ran out of the houseto catch the 8:30 buses. This is the bus I usually take. But, youmay laug

10、h, I missed it of course. I am very unhappy, and scaredas well because teacher hates the students coming late to school.So I ran three miles to school only to discover that nobody was there. The school was quiet but peaceful. Our classroom waslocked. I realized that moment: It was Sunday. 76dodid 77

11、NothingEverything 78InOn 79sinceso 80去掉第一个the 81busesbus 82amwas 83在teacher 前加my/the 8485butandOne afternoon , when I was on my way home , the sky changed suddenly . Dark clouds were gathered . I began to feel worried because I didnt have both a raincoat or umbrella about me . It soon started to rain . Just as I was hurrying home , I heard of someone calling me from behind . I turned to have a look and find that he was Liu Wei , a good neighbour of mine . He offered to share his umbrella with me . We walked all the ways home . Without Liu Weis help , I would have got we