我的动词的时态和语态

1、学习必备欢迎下载专题语法时态和语态时态英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作 方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种：时态构成用法一般主语动词 (单数第三人称s表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客现在时或 es)观事实等现在主语 am (is，are)现在分词 表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正进行时在进行的动作现在(1)主语 will(shall) 动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在将来时(2)主语 am (

2、is, are) going 的状态to动词原形(1) 动作发生于过去， 一直持续到现在， 可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。 (2) 动作现在主语 have (has)过去分词发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现完成时在有影响， 一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。时态构成用法一般主语动词的过去式表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的过去时动作 )或存在的状态过去主语was (were) 现在进行时分词表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作过去主语would 动词原形 表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或将来时存在的状态既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就过去主 语 had 过 去 分

3、词 发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某完成时一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。现在主语 have (has)现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一完成been 现在分词直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚进行时刚终止，也可能仍在进行。学习必备欢迎下载动词的时态是英语语法的重中之重，因为它们与句子结构、句子表达、语言逻辑紧密相连，无论是单选、完形、阅读还是书面表达都离不开时态。高考试题中常对以下几种情况进行考查。1.一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、 经常性动作或客观事实等；而现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。His daug

4、hter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接用将来时态。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.2一般将来时和过去将来

5、时一般将来时主要用于表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时主要用于表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office?He told me if I didn't follow his advice, something bad would happen.注意： “will (shall) do和 “”be going to do都”可表示意图。如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用begoing to ；如果是说话时临时决

6、定的，则用will 。I am going to spend my holiday on Hainan Island this winter.I am sorry. I forgot to post the letter for you.That's all right. I will post it myself.3一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态，和现在没有任何关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时有两种用法：(1) 动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2) 动作发生于过去

7、，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。We volunteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.4一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较学习必备欢迎下载一般过去时表示动作已经完成或在某一时间段内发生了某事；而过去进行时则表示动作的持续性，侧重动作持续的长度。For the sake of her dau

8、ghter's health, she decided to move to a warm climate.I hear he was writing a book last year, but I don't know whether he has finished it.5一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较过去完成时既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。它和过去时的区别主要在于时间的参照点上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The litt

9、le girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.6现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别现在完成时和过去完成时都可和表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在；而过去完成时表示的是延续到过去某个时间。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.Many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.7

10、现在完成进行时现在完成进行时虽然不属于我们中学课本中常见的八种时态，但是在近几年的高考试题中频频出现，应该引起我们的注意。现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.语态语态是表示主语和动词之间语法关系及语义关系的动词形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。英语中的语态和时态是不可分割的，每种时态都有其相应的语态形式学习必备欢迎下载语态构成例句The lion is considered the king of一般现在时的

11、被动语态主语 am(is, are)过去分词the forest as it isa symbol ofcourage and power.现在进行时的被动语态主语 am(is, are) being过去分词My car is being repaired at present.主语 will(shall)be 过去分现在将来时的被动语态词 / 主语 am(is,are) going The new bridge willbe completedto be过去分词at the end of the year.现在完成时的被动主 语 have(has) been I am surprised t

12、hat you should have been语态过去分词fooled by such a simple trick.一般过去时的被动主语was (were) 过去 Marie Curie took little notice of the honors语态分词that were given to her in her later years.过去进行时的被动主 语 was(were)语态being 过去分词 I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.过去将来时的被动主语 wouldbe过去分 The workers sc

13、ented changes that would be语态词made in the company.过去完成时的被动主语had been 过去 The new suspension bridge had been语态分词designed by the end of last month.学习必备欢迎下载2. 那个学校教日语。Japanese is taught in that school.注意：感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加 "to" 。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classro

14、om.-> I was made to go out of theclassroom （ by the teacher） .We saw him play football on the playground. -> He was seen to play football on the playground.被动语态中的特殊用法：1.短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.2.

15、表示 " 据说 " 或"相信 " 的词组，基本上由say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report,例如：It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that 大家认为It is suggested that 据建议It

16、is taken granted that 被视为当然It has been decided that 大家决定It must be remember that 务必记住的是3. 不用被动语态的情况1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语， 如 appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等没有无被动语态。例如：After t

17、he fire, very little remained of my house.比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词；raise, seat 是及物动词。（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（错）（错）The accident was happened last week.（对）The accident happened lastThe price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.week.本题考最后一种用法，选练习：动词时态与语态学习必备欢迎下载（错）P

18、lease seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如 fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。例

19、如：This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3） 系动词无被动语态， 如 appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等。例如： It sounds good.4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life 等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：She dream

20、ed a bad dream last night.5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：（对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her.4.主动形式表示被动意义1） wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well.这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。2） blame, let（出租） , remain, keep, rent, build 等

21、。例如： I was to blame for the accident.事故发生了，我该受指责。Much work remains.还有许多活要干。3） 在 need, require, want, worth（形容词） , deserve 后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/ 理解自己）等。例如：Explain it

22、 clearly and make yourself understood.解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。5. 被动形式表示主动意义，如be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from ） , beprepared （ for） , be occupied （ in） , get married 等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用例如： He married a rich girl.marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 均可

23、。他与一个富妞结婚了。He got married to a rich girl.6. need/want/require/worth当 need, want, require, be worth 后面接 doing 时，表示的是被动意义。例如： Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗。典型例题The library needs_, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaningB. be cleanedC. cleanD. being clean

24、ed答案 A. need （实意） +n /to do ，need （情态） + do，当为被动语态时， 还可 need + doing.A 。如有 to be cleaned 则也为正确答案。1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playingD. played学习必备欢迎下载2.She _ the door before she goes away.A. had lockedB. is lockingC. has locked.D. was locking.3.A hunter is a

25、man who _ animals.A. catchB. catchesC. will catchD. was catching4.What _ if I drink this?A. happensB. is happeningC. will happenD. is happened5.I will visit you if Father _ me.A. letB. letsC. is lettingD. will let6.Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going toB. will beC. shallD. would7.My uncle _

26、to see me. He'll be here soon.A. comesB. is comingC. had comeD. came8.They can't leave until they _ their work.A. didB. are doingC. have doneD. has done9."Has he seen this film?" " Yes. He _ it several days ago. "A. sawB. has seenC. had seenD. was seeing10. Now Mike isn&#

27、39;t here. He _ Mr Green's. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is comingB. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will beD. is going to; has come11. That day he ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washedB. washedC. had been washingD. was washed12. I haven't finished my

28、composition.I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written itB. have been writing itC. wrote itD. am writting it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A. go toB. will go toC. have been toD. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didn't sayB. couldn'

29、;t speak toC. saidD. didn't tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was builtB. builtC. was set upD. had been built16. " When _ school begin?"" Next Monday. "A. hasB. doesC. didD. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leaveB. not l

30、eaveC. comeD. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will workB. workedC. workD. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. wentB. will goC. goD. have gone20. It was said that his father _.A. has diedB. died.C. has been deadD. had died21. We won't go unless you

31、 _ soon.A. had comeB. cameC. will comeD. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have beenB. it isC. It wasD. There are学习必备欢迎下载23. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into24. "How long haven't we seen each other?

32、 ""Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last."A. is/have metB. was/had metC. is/metD. has been/had met25. "Have you seen the art exhibition?" "No, _ there. "A. it was not being heldB. they didn't holdC. it had not heldD. they were holding it26. Don't get

33、off the bus until it _.A. stopB. will stopC. stoppedD. has stopped27. "Where _ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere." "I _ it right here. But now it's gone. "A. did you put/have putB. have you put/putC. had you put/was puttingD. were you putting/have put28. They asked me

34、 to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoying C. enjoyedD. had been enjoying29.Don't come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. comeB. cameC. will comeD. coming30._ you _?A. Do/marry B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/ma

35、rried31.When he _ all the newspapers, he'll go home.A. sellsB. has soldC. will have soldD. will be sold32."This cloth _well and _ long. ""Ok. I'll take it. "A. washes/lastsB. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33."Hurry up, you _ on the phone. &

36、quot; "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "A. are wantedB. are being wanted C. wantD. are wanting34.I _ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wantedD. was wanted35.I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have livedB. was livingC. will be l

37、ivingD. shall have lived36.By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduatingB. should be graduatingC. will have graduatedD. is graduating37.Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turnsB. turnC. has turnedD. had turned38.My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt

38、 himself.A. fell/was ridingB. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39.Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to be B. was about to beC. could be D. was to be40.It is high time you _ in bed now.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be学习必备欢迎下载41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived at B. was arrived inC