生态学复习资料

1、steppeA vast semiarid grass-covered plain, as found in southeast Europe, Siberia, and central North America . 大草原：一片半干燥的大草原，如在 东南欧洲、西伯利亚或中北美洲 的 a large area of flat unforested grassland inSE Europe or Siberia（东南欧或西伯利亚的 ） 大草原 one of the vast usually level and treeless tracts insoutheastern Europe or

2、AsiaprairieAn extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless grassland, especially the large tract or plain of central North America .大草原：多为广阔而无树木的平坦或起伏的草原区域，尤指 北美洲中部 的大平原a large open area of grassland, especially inNorth America（尤指北美的 ）大草原a tract of grassland: as a : a large area of leve

3、l or rolling land in the Mississippi River valley that in its natural uncultivated state usually has deep fertile soil, a cover of tall coarse grasses, and few trees b : one of the dry treeless plateaus east of the Rocky Mountains that merge on their east side with the prairies proper and are charac

4、terized by shorter grasses and drier less fertile soilllanoA large, grassy, almost treeless plain, especially one inLatin America .大平原：尤指 南美洲 广大、多草、几乎无树的平原（in South America ） a treeless grassy plain（南美 ） 大草原an open grassy plain in Spanish America or the southwestern U.S.PampasA vast plain of south-c

5、entral South America. The Pampas extend for about 1,610 km （1,000 mi）from thelower Paran á River to south-central Argentin.a 潘帕斯草原： 南美洲中南部 的大平原。潘帕斯草原 从较低的巴拉那河到阿根廷中南部 延伸大约 1,610 公里 （1,000 英里） large treeless plains in South America （南美洲的 ） 无树大草原 an extensive generally grass-covered plain of tempe

6、rateSo. America east of the Andessavanna 也作 savannahA flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions. 热带大草原：热带或亚热带地区的平坦草原 a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees 热带和亚热带稀树草原1 : a treeless plain especially in Florida2 a : a tropical or subtropical grassland （as ofeastern

7、Africa or northern So. America ） containing scattered trees anddrought-resistant undergrowth b : a temperate grassland with scattered trees （as oaks）veldt 也作 veldAny of the open grazing areas of southern Africa . 草原：非洲南部 开阔的放牧地区 open, uncultivated country or grassland in southern Africa . It is conv

8、entionally divided by altitude into highveld, middleveld, and lowveld（非洲南部 ）草原 （按照海拔高度分为高草原、中草原和低草原）a grassland especially of southern Africa usually with scattered shrubs or treesselvaA dense tropical rain forest usually having a cloud cover, especially one in theAmazon Basin .热带雨林：茂密的热带雨林，通常林木遮天，尤

9、指 亚马逊盆地 的a tract of land covered by dense equatorial forest, especially in theAmazon basin（尤指 亚马孙盆地 的） 热带雨林taigaA subarctic, evergreen coniferous forest of northern Eurasia located just south of the tundraanddominated by firs and spruces.泰加群落 , 西伯利亚针叶林： 欧亚大陆北部冻土地带以南 的亚寒带常绿针叶林，主要树种为杉树和柏树the swampy co

10、niferous forest of high northern latitudes, especially thatbetween the tundra and steppes of Siberia泰加群落 (森林 )a moist subarctic forest dominated by conifers (as spruce and fir) thatbegins where the tundra endschaparral1. Ecology A biome characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters and d

11、ominated by a dense growth of mostly small-leaved evergreen shrubs, as that found in thefoothills of California .【生态学】 沙巴拉群落：由主要为小叶常绿密生的灌木组成的生物群落，夏季干旱炎热，冬季凉爽湿润， 如存在于 加利福尼亚州山麓小丘 的一个生物群落2. A dense thicket of shrubs and small trees. 浓密的灌木丛和矮树丛(N. Amer .)vegetation consisting chiefly of tangled shrubs a

12、nd thorny bushes(北美 )灌木荆棘丛1 : a thicket of dwarf evergreen oaks broadly : a dense impenetrable thicket of shrubs or dwarf trees2 : an ecological community composed of shrubby plants adapted to dry summers and moist winters that occurs especially in southern CaliforniatundraA treeless area between th

13、e icecap and the tree line of Arctic regions , having a permanently frozen subsoil and supporting low-growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs.苔原： 北极地区冰盖和乔本植被线之间的无树地区 ，有永冻底土，并支撑低的植物，如苔藓、地衣和发育 不全的灌木a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which

14、the subsoil is permanently frozen 冻原，苔原a level or rolling treeless plain that is characteristic of arctic and subarctic regions, consists of black mucky soil with apermanently frozen subsoil, and has a dominant vegetation of mosses, lichens, herbs, and dwarf shrubsalso : a similarregion confined to

15、mountainous areas above timberline 附：湿地生态学词汇英文辨析 mire1. An area of wet, soggy, muddy ground; a bog. 泥沼：潮湿的、浸水的、泥泞的一块地区；一片泥潭2. Deep, slimy soil or mud. 深而滑的土壤或泥a stretch of swampy or boggy ground 泥潭；沼泽；泥沼 soft and slushy mud or dirt. 烂泥，污泥，淤泥 (Ecology)a wetland area or ecosystem based on peat.(生态 )沼泽

16、；泥炭生态系统1 : wet spongy earth (as of a bog or marsh)2 : heavy often deep mud or slushpeatPartially carbonized vegetable matter, usually mosses, found in bogs and used as fertilizer and fuel. 泥炭，泥煤：部分碳化的植物物质，通常指苔藓，见于潮湿地区，用作肥料和燃料a brown soil-like material characteristic of boggy, acid ground, consisting

17、 of partly decomposed vegetable matter and widely cut and dried for use in gardening and as fuel 泥炭，泥煤bog1. An area having a wet, spongy, acidic substrate composed chiefly of sphagnum moss and peat in which characteristic shrubs and herbs and sometimes trees usually grow. 沼泽，湿地：底面为酸性和湿软的地带，主要由灌木、草类及

18、一些树的水藓泥沼和泥煤构成2. Any of certain other wetland areas, such as a fen, having a peat substrate. Also calledpeat bog沼泽地区：任一种其它的湿地，有泥炭底面，如沼泽也作 peat bog3. An area of soft, naturally waterlogged ground. 松软的水泽地区an area of wet muddy ground that is too soft to support a heavy body 泥沼，沼泽 (Ecology)wetland with a

19、cid peaty soil, typically dominated by peat moss.(生态 )酸性泥炭湿地。wet spongy ground especially : a poorly drained usually acid area rich in accumulated plant material, frequently surrounding a body of open water , and having a characteristic flora (as of sedges, heaths, and sphagnum)fenLow, flat, swampy

20、land; a bog or marsh. 沼泽：低平的沼泽地；泥塘或湿地FensA lowland district of eastern England west and south of the Wash. Early attempts by the Romans to drain the area were abandoned by Anglo-Saxon times. Modern-day reclamation of the Fens began in the 17th century.芬斯：东英格兰西部和瓦士湾南部的一片低地，早期被罗马人夺取并排水而在盎格鲁- 撒克逊时期被遗弃，

21、现在开垦利用的芬斯是从 17世纪开始的a low and marshy or frequently flooded area of land低位沼，沼泽 (the Fens) the flat low-lying areas of eastern England, mainly in Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, and Norfolk, formerly marshland but largely drained for agriculture since the 17th century.(英格兰东部、主要在林肯郡、剑桥郡和诺福克境内的)平坦低地 ( 曾是沼泽

22、， 17 世纪以来大多被排水后用作农田 ) (Ecology)wetland with alkaline, neutral, or only slightly acid peaty soil.(生态 )(土壤为碱性、中性或弱酸性泥炭土的)沼泽地； 碱沼。low land that is covered wholly or partly with water unless artificially drained and that usually has peaty alkaline soil and characteristic flora (as of sedges and reeds)sw

23、amp1. A seasonally flooded bottomland with more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog. 沼泽地：随季节淹没的低地，带有比湿地多的木质植物，比泥塘的排水要好2. A lowland region saturated with water. 湿低地：浸满了水的低洼地区 an area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh 低地；水洼；沼泽1 : a wetland often partially or intermittently covered with waterespecially : one dominated by woody vegetation2 : a tract of swampmarshAn area of soft, wet, low-lying land, characterized by grassy vegetati