L20新概念第三册

1、L/O/G/OL/O/G/OL20Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱飞行员的先驱By SmileL/O/G/OSummery writing of L19 Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter three days after her cats disappearance. The writer of the letter demanded 1,000 for the return of the cat, and warned she would never see him again if she went to the police. L

2、/O/G/O She had to put the money in cardboard box and leave it outside her door. After drawing 1,000 from her bank, she acted on the kidnappers instructions. The money disappeared the following morning, and her cat, Rastus,returned at seven oclock that evening.New words and expression 生词和短语生词和短语 pion

3、eer n.先驱 vi.vt.开拓, 为开路, 作先驱者 Young pioneer 少先队员 a pioneer of operation 手术的开创者 advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹 -eer: volunteer 志愿者; engineer工程师; mountaineer登山者; auctioneer 拍卖人；竞争者 profiteer暴利获得者，奸商; lord n.对（英国）贵族的尊称；对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵勋爵lordship n.贵族权力, 贵族身份lordly adj.adv.高傲的, 贵族般地, 有气派地 my lord 阁下（对某些贵族、法官

4、及主教的尊称）the Lord 上帝 the House of Lords 上议院； the House of Commons下议院 The phrase about lord live like a lord过着贵族般的生活; lord of creation万物之灵；人类; treat sb. like a lord 阔绰地款待某人 duke n.公爵 earl n.伯爵 baron n.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位) , 大财主 （女性为： baroness） Calais n.加来（法国港市） overland adj.陆上的;横跨陆地的； an overland route 陆上

5、路线to travel overland （作）陆上旅行 overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上 an overnight trip一整夜的旅行 an overnight guest 过夜的客人 overpopulated adj.人口过密的, 人口过剩的 overseas adv.海外 adj.外国的, 海外的 oversea student 海外留学生 oversea Chinese 华侨 over+动词（over表示超过） overeat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多 oversleep vt.(使)睡过头 vi.睡

6、过头, 睡得太久 overwork n.过度工作 v.(使)工作过度 overcharge v.讨价过高, 使过量装填, 过度充电 n.超载, 过重的负担, 过度充电 overestimate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高 engine n.发动机, 机车, 火车头 latest adj.最后的, 最迟的, 最新的, 最近的 n.最新消息, 最新式样 Dover n.多佛（英国东南部的港口）Questions What was the name of the first plane to fly across the English Channel?More questions 1.On w

7、hat date did Bleriot and Latham arrive at Calais? 2.Did it look as if there would be a race ? 3.When would it take place? 4.Why did Latham not take part in the race? 5.Did Bleriot make a short test flight before setting out ? 6.How long did it take him to fly across the Channel? 7.Who greeted him wh

8、en he arrived Dover? 8.How near to Dover did Latham fly the following day? 9.Why did he have to land on the sea for the second time? Text in detailsExplanation In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. (1)Lord勋爵 Lord Northcliffe诺斯克里夫

9、勋爵 北岩勋爵(1865-1922) A great journalist 一个伟大的新闻人 The founder of English modern journalism 英国现代新闻事业的创始人。 他生于爱尔兰一个穷困的律师之家，幼年随父母移居伦敦。少年时代即从事新闻工作：15岁在一家报社做杂活；17岁成为青年杂志的助理编辑，并成为晨邮报和圣詹姆公报撰稿人。1884年，在旅行杂志工作了18个月，很受器重。 the first man who would fly across = the first man to fly across. 序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用可以代替其后的定语从句

10、 The first person to greet him was a local policeman She was the only one to survive the plane crash. 她是唯一幸存与飞机失事的人。 =She was the only one that survived the plane crash.English ChannelThe English Channel, often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates souther

11、n England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 560 km long and varies in width from 240 km at its widest to 34 km in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 km2 (2)Offer

12、a prize of how much for sth 因为什么提供多少钱的奖励 award a prize 提供奖励 The school awarded Merry a prize for her good work . 学校因为她工作好而奖励了梅丽. (3) win a prize 赢得奖励 receive a prize He won a prize for good behavior at school. 他因在校的表现好而获奖. There will be a prize for the winner. 优胜者将获得奖品. (4) offer a price for sth 出价

13、put money on sbs head 悬赏捉拿某人 offer ones hand to sb. 握手时伸出手 Offer your hand upon introduction and have a firm handshake. 见面时主动伸手,握手有力. offer identity card 出示身份证(5)fly across 飞越 sail across 横渡 swim across 游过 come across 通过 遇上 碰到 I came across a group of children playing. 我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。We like to identi

14、fy and celebrate womens success whenever we come across it. 每当女性取得成功，我们都会表示认同并予以颂扬。 Explanation Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.(1)The first attempt was made after over a year passed. before 比 after 更强调过去的时间长。(2)The first attempt was not made until over a year passed.Explanation

15、(1) “before”作为连词的用法：其基本含义是“在之前”，也可以根据语境的不同灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就”、“就”等等含义。 1）与情态动词can / could 连用，这时从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语习惯译成“还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发生之前主句的动作已经发生。 Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精力多，译成“才”； We had sailed four days and four nights befor

16、e we saw lands. We waited a long time before the train arrived.3)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间、距离短，或花费的精力少，译成“不到就”；We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.4) 主句含有hardly、scarcely等半否定词时，可以译成“刚就”，这时主句过去完成时，从句过去时，且可以用when 替代before; We had hardly / scarcely reached the school before / when the bell rang. 5) 有时befor

17、e还有“宁愿”的意思；Id shoot myself before I apologized to him.(2) attempt 的用法：的用法：attempt vt. 企图，试图；努力，尝试；attempt sth. I did attempt the last question in the exam. He has attempted a difficult task.attempt to do sth. He attempted to lie. He attempted to leave but was stopped.attempt doing sth. (不如 to do常见）

18、He attempted swimming across the river. attempted adj. （犯罪）未遂的attempted murder / robbery attempt. n. 企图；尝试make an / no attempt to do He make no attempt to carry it out. I failed in my attempt to finish it in time.attempt at sth. He make an attempt at winning the first prize. My first attempt at Engl

19、ish composition was poor.attempt on / upon sbs life 企图刺杀He made an attempt on the life of the President.Explanation On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the Antoinette IV.(1)at dawn ; at daybreak ; at midnight; at the crack of dawn take

20、off 起飞 Ladies and gentlemen, our plane is to take off soon. (2)脱掉 take years off sb. 看上去年轻 Her slimming course seems to take years off her . slimming course 减肥课 put years on sb. 看上去老 Her broken marriage put years on him.(3)off 离开动身 draw off 撤离 withdraw lift off (火箭 飞船)起飞 发射 升空 set off (set 收拾好 准备好)出

21、发 Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse. 动身去他的偏远的农舍。kick off (在足球比赛中)开球 Liverpool kicked off an hour ago. fly off 飞出 飞跑 突然跑掉 The arrow flew off and hit the bulls eye. 箭离弦飞去, 射中了那靶心。Explanation He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on

22、 the sea. (1)fail 失败 坏了 broken , stop workingWords failed me when I met my long lost sister. fail to see 不明白 I fail to see the meaning of the sentence. Explanationwhen: 这里可以换成before,译成“就”，且这里有“突然、忽然”之意。We were sitting in the garden when it began to rain.I had been working a couple of years there whe

23、n I had a letter from him.I was about to leave the room when the telephone rang.Explanation(3) be forced to do 被迫做某事forced landing (航空)紧急降落force a smile 勉强一笑force 军事力量force sbs hand 不得不，被迫 We didnt want to raise our prices, but the fall in the dollar forced our hand.我们不想抬高物价，但是美元下跌，我们不得不出此下策Explanat

24、ion The Antoinette floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.(1) float 漂浮float on air 兴高采烈float on cloud 兴高采烈drift : to move slowly on water or in the air .The raft was drifting down the river.drifter 漂泊者 流浪汉Explanation(2)pick up 文中解释为营救 rescurepick up 拿起 提起 拾起 捡起If you fail now, who

25、 will pick up the pieces? 你现在要是失败了，谁来收拾残局？收拾，收捡收拾，收捡（跌倒或被击倒后）使（自己）慢慢站起（或爬起） Anthony picked himself up and set off along the track. 安东尼自己慢慢爬起来，又开始沿着跑道跑下去。ExplanationWe drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。If someone is picked up by the police, they are arrested and t

26、aken to a police station.逮捕；拘捕逮捕；拘捕 Explanation I have picked up several words of French during holiday in France.不费力地不费力地 获得获得 学会学会 Dont pick me up on words. 不要挑我的措词。不要挑我的措词。指出错误指出错误ExplanationTheyve picked up a really nasty infection from something theyve eaten. 他们因吃错东西而得了很严重的感染症。 得病得病 染上疾病染上疾病We

27、can pick up Italian television. 我们能收看到意大利电视台的节目。接收到信号或声音接收到信号或声音 Explanation Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called No.11.with 要翻译成驾驶，而不能说“带着”with复合结构Now he could walk only with someone supporting him.他现在只能靠别人搀扶着才能走了。She ran with beads( 汗珠) of sweat running down her fa

28、ce.她跑得满头大汗。Explanation Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered 26 miles. (1)overland adj.陆地上的overland flight 陆上飞行overseer 监工 工头 supervisor sju:pvaz (2)covercover a lot of ground 到了很多

29、地方 涉及了很多内容 The expedition covered a lot of ground. 探险队到过很多地方. Weve covered a lot of ground at this mornings meeting. 在今天上午的会议中我们讨论了很多问题. 覆盖面积China covers 9.6 million square kilometers.China covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.Explanation Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, a

30、rrived near Calais on the same day with a new Antoinette.give up give away Dont give away the secret. 这项机密不可泄露。 We have six copies of the book to give away. 这本书我们要赠送6本出去。 give out There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets. 有人在入口处散发传单。 He wouldnt give out any information. 他不愿透露任何消息。Explan

31、ationAll machines give out eventually. 最终，所有的机器都停止了运转。 He gave out a scream of pain. 他疼得大叫了一声。 give off The flowers give off a heady scent at night. 这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。 heady 酒等易使人醉的 scent 香味give in 屈服，投降Explanation It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。意思

32、是好像，似乎。as if 引导的表语从句。此句中运用了虚拟语气。夸张，比喻与事实不符，相反，超越。ExplanationHe works very hard as if he never intended to sleep a wink(眨眼睛）（合眼）Those flowers looked as if they were asleep in the hot sun.He talks as if he were a hero.但是当但是当as if / though 引导的从句表示一种引导的从句表示一种实现可能性较大，或说话人认为接近事实实现可能性较大，或说话人认为接近事实时，可采用陈述语气

33、。时，可采用陈述语气。Eg. It looks as if the little twins are going to have another fight with each other. 原句可改写为：原句可改写为： It seemed / appeared to be an exciting race It promised to be an exciting race句型：句型：It appears to be / it appears that 看起来似乎、好像看起来似乎、好像Eg. It appears to be only a matter of time before they

34、 were caught. It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions about it. It appears that Tom might change his mind. promise v. 有有的可能，有发生的可能，有发生的迹象（的迹象（习惯表达一个好的征兆；凶兆常用习惯表达一个好的征兆；凶兆常用threaten) Eg. It promises to be a fine day.(=The clear sky promises fine weather.) The dark clouds threaten a storm.

35、It threatens to snow immediately. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. There is a sign of sth. that 有迹象表明有迹象表明 Eg. There is no sign the recession has bottomed out yet. 没有迹象表明萧条已经到了极点。 There is some evidence of sth. that 有证据、迹象表明有证据、迹象表明 Eg. There is s

36、ome evidence of life on other planets. There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you. Explanation Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough.get out 出门Get out and enjoy yourself, make new friends. 出去走走，好好玩玩，交些新朋友。逃离，被迫离开They prob

37、ably wanted to get out of the country. 他们或许想逃离这个国家。I told him to leave and get out. 我叫他滚开。I wanted to get out of the group, but they wouldnt let me. 我想退出这个团体，但是他们不同意。Getting out of the contract would be no problem. 撤销这个合同不会有任何问题。退出组织，撤销承诺退出组织，撤销承诺If word got out now, a scandal could be disastrous. 如

38、果消息现在传出去，可能会是灾难性的丑闻。消息泄露为人所知消息泄露为人所知Explanationget off下车 免受惩罚 He is likely to get off with a small fine. 他可能会逃脱严惩，仅仅罚一点钱了事。 出发离开 At eight I said Im getting off now. 8点钟的时候，我说“我现在要出发了。” The aircraft hadnt enough power to get off the ground. 那架飞机的动力不够，无法起飞。Explanation离.远点，别碰 I told you. Get off the fa

39、rm. 我告诉过你，离农场远点。 Get off me! I screamed. “别碰我！”我尖叫道。 入睡 He couldnt get off to sleep. 他不能入睡。get overIt took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death. 得知她去世的消息我惊愕不已，很长时间才缓过劲来。How would they get over that problem, he wondered? 他们会怎么解决那个问题？他寻思着。战胜困难，问题战胜困难，问题We have got to get the message

40、over to the young that smoking isnt cool. 我们要让年轻人认识到抽烟并不是什么很酷的事情。讲清楚，使明白讲清楚，使明白Explanation After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later.test flight 试飞take an IQ test 接受智力测试(IQ intelligence quotient) (EQ: Emotional Quotient)a nuclear test 核试验test drive 试车test pilot 试飞员test match 国际锦标赛Explanation His great flight lasted 37 minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman.greet 欢迎 迎接l