宾语从句直接引语和间接引语

1、宾语从句 直接引语和间接引语八年级英语备课组一、明确三种类型宾语从句根据其引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由连词that引导的宾语从句，如：he said (that) it was sunday yesterday.2. 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句，如：could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week?3. 由which, when等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，如：i don' t know how i can get there.二、理顺三个步骤把两个单句组成含有宾语从句的复合句时，合并变

2、化应遵循以下三个步 骤：1. 确定引导词根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词。若从句为陈述句，则引导词为 that (that在口语中常省略)；若从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑 问句，则引导词为if或whether；若从句是特殊疑问句，则引导词由疑问 词转化而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 调整语序宾语从句永远是陈述句语序。若原句是疑问句式，则应将它调整为陈述 句语序。如：1) is he going to the shop? i want to know.(改为含宾语从句的 复合句)i want to know if/whether he is going to the shop.2) whe

3、n does he get up? do you know?(改为含宾语从句的复合句)do you know when he gets up?3. 变换时态a. 若主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情 况选用所需要的任何时态。如：1) he says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow.2) i think (that) they have already gone to beijing.b. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某 种形式(如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)。 如：1)

4、 she asked if/whether he was leaving for shanghai soon.2) he said (that) they had a very good journey. 另外，还需考虑标点的使用和人称的变化。a. 带宾语从句的主从复合句的标点由主句来决定。若主句是陈述句，则 用句号；若主句是疑问句，则用问号。如：1) when do we arrive? we don' t know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)we don' t know when we arrive.2） what time does the ship leave? do

5、you know?（改为含宾语从句的复合句）do you know what time the ship leaves?b. 需变为宾语从句的句子的主语如果是第一人称，则随主句的主语变 （主句主语是第儿人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第儿人称）；如果是第二人称， 则随主句的宾语变（主句宾语是第儿人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第儿人称）； 如果是第三人称，则不要变（宾语从句的主语仍用第三人称）。如：1）shall i go there? he asked me.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）he asked me if/whether he would go there.2）will you go there

6、? he asked me.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）he asked me if/whether i would go there.3）will she go there? he asked me.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）he asked me if/whether she would go there.三、加强三点注意1. 时态不变当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时，不论主句是什么时态， 从句都用一般现在时态。如：the earth goes around the sun. the teacher said.（改为宾语从句）the teacher said （that） the e

7、arth goes around the sun.2. “两副面孔”if和when等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。因此，碰到此种 情况要认真分析看它们属于“两副面孔”的哪一种。当从句表示将来时， 若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句, 它们的时态常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：1）i don' t know if/when he will come tomorrow.（宾语从句）2）if/when he comes, he' 11 tell you about it.（状语从句）3. 从句的简化a. 当主句谓语动词为hope, wish, d

8、ecide, choose, agree等，且主句 与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：he agreed that he could help me with my english.tie agreed to help me with my english.b. 当主句谓语动词为hear, see, watch等感官动词时，从句常简化为 “宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或v-ing形式。如：i heard that some children sang / were singing some songs. i heard some children sing/singin

9、g some songs.c. 在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语相一 致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：i don' t know what i should do. i don, t know what to do.1. can you see?a. what he' s reading b. what is he readingc. what does he read d. he reads what2. _what did your son say in the letter?jle told me that he the disn

10、ey would the next daya. will visit b. has visitedc. is going to visit d. would visit3. he didn' t knowa. what s the matter b. what the matter isc. what was the matter d. what the matter was4. somebody called you just now, but i didn' t knowa.who were they b. who they werec. who was it i), wh

11、o it was5.i want to knowa. what is his name b. what' s his namec. that his name is d. what his name is6. could you tell me she is looking for?her cousin, susan.a. that b. whose c . who d. which7. what are you searching the internet for?1' m trying to find out.a. what is the difference betwee

12、n sars and birdflub. how many persons have died in iraqc. how to protect our environmentd. why is our chinese team be able to beat korea.【自主测评】一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1. these flowers are from guangdong. he said.he saidthese flowers from guangdong.2. light travels faster than sound. my teacher told m

13、e.my teacher told me light faster than sound.3. there will be a meeting in five days. jack didn" t know.jack didn' t know therea meeting in five days.4. can they speak french? i want to know.i want to knowfrench.5. are the children playing games? tell me.tell me the childrengames.11. does h

14、e still live in that street? i don't know.i don't knowhe still in that street.12. what/ s his name? i asked him.i asked him what.13. when does the train arrive? please tell me.please tell me.14. do they want fried chicken? he asked the boys.he asked the boystheyfried chicken.二、运用宾语从句语序的知识，完成

15、下列选择填空。()1. what did mike say? he said.a. if you are free the next week b. what color was itc. the weather is fined. summer comes after spring()2. tom asked my frienda. where was he fromb. that the earth is bigger thanthe moonc. when did he come back d. not to be so angry()3. let me tell you a. how

16、much is the carb. how much does the carcostc. how much did i pay for the car d. how much i spent on thecar()4. peter knew a. whether he has finished reading the bookb. why the boy had so many questionsc. there were 12 months in a year d. when they will leave for paris()5.a.c.()6.a.could you tell me

17、?where do you liveb. who you are waiting forwho were you waiting for d. where you live in i can't understandthe boy alone.b. why did she leaved. why had she leftsun in the east.c. rises d. had risen up so early last sunday.why she leftc. why she had left()7. she told me thea. rise b. rose ()8. i

18、 don，t knowa. why did he get b. why he gets c. why does he get d. why hegot()9. the manager came up to see .a. what was the matter b. what the matter wasc. what the matter is d. what's the matter ()10. he asked his father.a. where it happens b. where did it happenc. how it happened d. how did it

19、 happen()11. no one tells us, so we need your help.a. how we should dob. what should we doc. how to do itd. what to do it()12. could you please teach me the computer.a. how check b. to check c. how to check d. to how checking()13.they don，t know their parents are.a that b what c why d which()14. whe

20、re do you thinkhethe tv set? sorry, i've no idea.a./, bought b. has, bought c. did, buy d. did bought ()15. our homework has changed a lot. who can tell it wouldbe like in fivea. how, anotheranother()16, could youyears.b. what, more c. how , other d. what,? 一 yes. he to the usa.b. where he is/ h

21、as goned. where he was/ has gone a picnic tomorrow.we" 11 visit the museum instead. b. you will have/ will rain d. will you have/ rains she it when she b. finds/ will arrived. will find/ arrives she would leave the message on thetell me _a. where is he/ has beenc. where was he/ has been ()17. m

22、ike wants to know ifyes. but if ita. you have/ will rain c. you will have/ rains()18. i really don't know ifa. finds/ arrivesc. will find/ will arrive ()19.miss liu saidheadmaster s desk.a. that b. where c. which ()20. he asked me who will kick the first goal in the world cup when was the apec m

23、eeting heldwhen china became a member of the wto where the 2008 olympics will be heldd. whata.b.c.d.()21. in the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeepermoved my cheese was an interesting book.a. that b. how c. what d. if ()22. you must remember a. what your teacher saidc. your teacher said what ()2

24、3. i don, t know .a. which room i can livec. which room i can live in ()24. do you know when hewhob. what did your teacher sayd. what has your teacher saidsorry , i don' t . when hea. comes ; comesc. will come ; comes()25 the girls asked if theyb. which room can 1 lived. which room can i live in

25、 back ?back ,1' 11 tell you .b. comes ; will comed. will come ; will comesome food and drink with them.a. took b. take c. takes d. will take ()26 mary said that she to guangzhou.a. has never goneb. had never gonec. has never beend. had never been()27 the students want to know whether theya pe cl

26、ass today.a. had b. has c. will have d. are)28. can you tella. who b. what)29. i don，t knowa. what b. if)30. do you knowme you were born, betty?c. when d. that they have passed the exam.wherec. when d.they listened to yesterday evening?a. what b when c why d how五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. we are sure that he

27、(go) to school tomorrow.2. do you know who (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. could you tell me where the post office (is)?4. our father said that he (will) buy a new computer.5. i hear that he (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. the little boy tells us where his father (work).7. he said that he(f

28、inish) his work already.8. they thought they could(hike) to the top of the mountain.9. he was glad that so many people (help) him.10. she doesn' t know whether (go) or wait.直接引语和间接引语本课时重难点突破预案：（一）语法突破：语法：直接引语变间接引语的方法。语法：引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语，直接引述别人的话；另一种是间 接引语，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。一、直接引语变间接引

29、语.（1）陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句， 引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有 所变化。1. 人称的变化：the foreigner said to me, "i like beijing very much."那老外告诉我：“我很喜欢北京。” the foreigner told me that he she liked beijing very much.那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。2. 时态的变化如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语

30、时，从句的谓语动词在时态上 要作相应的变化。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。时态变化的一般 规律如下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时cancouldmaymight3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。见课本p100-101.（2）疑问句的间接引语1. 一般疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if或whether,主句中的 谓语动词是said时，要改为askedo没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me, him或us）, 句末不用问号。my teacher asked me,

31、“do you like american country music? ” 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？f my teacher asked me if/whether i 1 iked american country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。（3 ）特殊疑问句：间接引语为特殊疑问句时，由相应的连接词 who, what, whose, how, when, why, where等引导，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常 用 askohe asked, “how do you like it?"他问:你觉得怎样？he asked me how i

32、liked it.他问我觉得它怎样。she asked me, “what's the matter with you? ” 她问我：你怎么啦？一 she asked me what was the matter with me.她问我我怎么啦。（4）直接引语如果是祈使句,其间接引语由：主语+tell/ask/order sb. （not）to do sth+ 其他。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：uopen the door” , she said to her little son.she told her little son to open the door.“don' t smo