江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义(1)

1、." 江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义4"【考点梳理】 一、名词性从句【考点点拨】名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下：【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。1 that 引导名词性从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而what是连接代词，在从句中充当成分。 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What / beca

2、use B. What / that C. That / what D. That / because2that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略, 但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。如：She said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job. Word comes _ a group of Australian guests will come to visit our school next week. A. thatB. which C. 不填

3、 D. about which 3介词后的宾语从句常用what，whether引导，不用that，which引导。但在介词besides，except，in后可用that引导宾语从句。在有it作先行词时，that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。 The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. which C. what D. that 【考点2】名词性从句中引导词whether与if 的用法区别。 引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句可以互换的场合：

4、 He is not sure if / whether he can manage to do it. 当与or not分开使用时 He wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not. 引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句只能用whether的场合：引导介词后的宾语从句（有时可省略） 后面紧跟or not时 后面直接跟动词不定式时 _ the flight to New York will be delayed is _ Im especially worried about. A. If ; what B. Whet

5、her ; that C. When ; that D. Whether ; what【考点3】在动词：一坚持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、四建议（suggest，advise，propose, recommend ）、六要求（demand，require，request，ask, desire，urge）后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用（should）do形式。 I advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that

6、he _ quite well then. A. be sent; was feeling B. was sent; sent C. be sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel 【考点4】名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序，宾语从句的时态应与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。 They are teachers and dont realize _ to start and run a company. A. what takes itB. what they takeC. what takes themD. what it takes【考点5】whoe

7、ver，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however在引导名词性从句时不可与no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how 替换，因为后者只能引导让步主语从句。 Have a nice trip! Thanks. Ill telephone you from _ I get to by tomorrow evening. A. wherever B. every place C. whenever D. no matter where定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。高考对定语从句的考查常

8、涉及以下几个方面：【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。 I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; whichB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; that 【巩固训练】一、单项选择1. The boy dived into the water and after _ seeme

9、d to be a long time, he came up again. A. what B. thatC. itD. which2These two areas are similar _ they both have a high rainfall during this season. A. except thatB. in whichC. in that D. so that3You may depend on _ that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time. A. whichB. itC. whomD. these4Scie

10、ntists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _ more than 10,000 years ago. A. this is AlaskaB. Alaska is nowC. is now AlaskaD. what is now Alaska5_ was known to them all that Bob had broken his promise _ he would give them a rise. A. As; whichB. What

11、; thatC. It; thatD. It; which6The question of _ they are old or young is not important. A. / B. whetherC. howD. if7. These days I feel exhausted and lack strength. Thats _too much drinking and poor diet lead. A. what B. which C. whyD. where8. _ watched the 2012 London Olympic Games agreed that some

12、Chinese athletes performed perfectly, such as Sun Yang and Ye Shiwen. A. AnyoneB. WhicheverC. WhoeverD. Whatever9. We think that its love, generosity and perseverance _ make the world _ it is today.A. what; thatB. that; what C. which; what D. which; that10. It puzzles the scientists _ some mammals p

13、roduce their young _ others lay eggs. A. that; while B. what; while C. that; as D. what; as 11. What is even more important is _ the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. A. that B. that as C. which D. which as12. Ray is a new graduate, and it seems that he has difficulty in deali

14、ng with _ problems arise.A. whichever B. whenever C. whatever D. wherever 13. In fact, I wonder _ my efforts were all in vain.A. that B. which C. why D. where14. After a long journey, those young men finally reached _ they called the paradise.A. where B. what C. in which D. that15. Tony eventually r

15、ealized his childhood dream _ he could play on one of the top teams.A. which B. that C. of which D. where二、选词填空 (come; cut; get)16. Joe is not good at sports, but when it _ mathematics, he is the best in the class.17. Are you ready to leave? Almost. Ill be ready to leave just as soon as I _ my work.

16、18. How is Dannis getting along with his work? Well, he can always _ a new idea for increasing sales.19. He was in hospital for half a year. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world.20. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _. 三、翻译句子或完成句子 21. 当Polly打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉有个高个男人一直在看着她。As Polly obse

17、rved the passengers on the train, she had a feeling _by a tall man.22. 鲨鱼会用鼻子推你以弄清你是否适合被食用。The shark pushes you with its nose to _you are _.23. 英语在未来是否会继续变化，这一问题很容易回答。The question of _English will _ in the future is easy _.24. 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于汉语用汉字代表思想、物体和行为。The Chinese language _ Western languages _

18、it uses characters to _ideas, objects or deeds.25. 原来，火山灰覆盖了人们，他们的身体几乎完全烧化消失了。It _ after the ash covered the people, their bodies nearly completely _ and disappeared.【能力拓展】四、拓展阅读A Everyone hates to wait in lines. We get that anxious feeling that our precious life is slipping away while were doing so

19、mething so meaningless. But its not always the length of the wait we find so unbearable. Some people camp outside Apple stores for an entire night just to get their hands on the latest product. But waiting 10 minutes in a grocery store just to buy a drink? Forget it. Our behavior when waiting is onl

20、y partly decided by the length of the wait. “Often the psychology of queuing is more important than the statistics of the wait itself,” notes the MIT researcher Richard Larson. One apparent aspect of queuing psychology is that we get bored when we wait in line. This issue is solved in many ways, fro

21、m magazines in hospital waiting rooms to mirrors in elevators so that we can check our appearance. We really hate it when we expect a short wait and then get a long one. But studies show that we are much more patient when we are given an idea of how long well be waiting. Walt Disney Co knows this be

22、tter than anyone else. It posts estimated waiting times for attractions in its theme parks. But according to Larson, these times are overestimated so that visitors get to the front of the queue more quickly than they expect. It keeps them happy. But perhaps the biggest influence on our feelings abou

23、t waiting in a line has to do with our sense of fairness. When it comes to queues, the universally acknowledged standard is first come, first served. Any departure from this principle is regarded as unfair and can lead to violent queue anger.Youve probably experienced mild queue anger yourself in fa

24、st food restaurants, watching people in the other line zoom ahead of you, cursing yourself for having chosen the “wrong” line. In order to solve this problem, the serpentine(蛇形) line was invented. The serpentine line guides all customers into one big snaking queue, separated by ropes or barriers. Wh

25、en you reach the head of the queue, you are directed to the next available server, or teller, or customs official. The serpentine line isnt always faster than multi-lines before an array(排) of cash registers. But it offers important comfort: you absolutely never have to see someone arrive after you

26、and get served before you.In life, waiting is inevitable. But a better understanding of the psychology of waiting can help make it a bit more bearable. When all else fails, bring a book or a smart phone will also do.26. In the 1st paragraph, the author intends to tell us _. A. why people a

27、re crazy about Apples products B. people waste their precious time in queuing C. waiting time is not the only cause for peoples hate in queuing D. the psychology is the real reason why people hate to wait in lines27. Walt Disney Co makes people queuing happily by_. A. having peop

28、le queue in serpentine line B. letting people know how long they will wait exactly C. making people queue shorter than they are informed D. offering people magazines to read when waiting in lines28. Serpentine line was invented to _. A. make the waiting line move faster B.&#

29、160;guarantee the first-come-first-served principle C. solve the problem of feeling bored in queuing D. guide all customers into one big snaking queue29.   The main purpose of the passage is _. A. to explain the advantages of serpentine line B. to introduce ways of

30、 saving time in queuing C. to offer an explanation of the psychology of queuing D. to analyze the psychology of people queuing for Apple products30. 请翻译以下句子： We get that anxious feeling that our precious life is slipping away while were doing something so meaningless._ One apparent aspect

31、of queuing psychology is that we get bored when we wait in line._BGeneric Name: ASPIRINPronunciation: 'æsprinWhy it is prescribed (开药方)： 1. Aspirin relieves mild to moderate pain. 2. It reduces fever, redness, and swelling. 3. It prevents blood from clotting (凝结).When it is to be taken: 1.

32、Aspirin is often taken without a prescription. 2. Follow the instructions on the label and package. 3. If your doctor prescribes aspirin for you, you will receive specific instructions for how often you should take it. 4. Keep in touch with your doctor.How it should be taken: 1. Aspirin comes in the

33、 form of suppositories (栓剂), capsules, and regular, coated, extended-release, and chewable tablets. 2. Regular, coated, and extended-release aspirin tablets and capsules should be swallowed with a full glass of water or milk after meals to avoid stomach upset. 3. Chewable aspirin tablets may be chew

34、ed, crushed, dissolved in a liquid, or swallowed whole; a full glass of water, milk, or fruit juice should be drunk immediately after taking these tablets.Special Instruction: 1. Children should not take aspirin for fevers associated with flu or chickenpox (水痘) because such use has been linked with

35、a serious illness known as Reyes syndrome. 2. Adults should not take aspirin for pain for more than 10 days (five days for children) without consulting a doctor. 3. Aspirin should not be taken by adults or children for high fever, fever lasting longer than three days without a doctors supervision (监

36、管). 4. Do not give more than five doses (剂量) to a child in a 24-hour period unless directed to do so by a doctor. 5. If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and resume the prescribed schedule. Side Effects: 1. Although side effects from aspirin are not common, they can oc

37、cur. 2. Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk. If these effects continue, contact your doctor. 3. Ringing in the ears, bloody or black stools (粪便), difficulty breathing, dizziness, mental confusion and sleep

38、iness are rare. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor.Other Precautions: 1. If you are pregnant or breast-feeding women, inform your doctor before taking aspirin. 2. Do not take aspirin if you are within three months of delivery. 3. Do not take aspirin if you are allergic (过敏) to it. 4. If yo

39、u have diabetes, regular use of eight or more regular strength aspirin tablets a day may affect test result. 5. If you are taking large doses of aspirin on a long-term basis, avoid having alcoholic drinks because alcohol can increase stomach problems. 6. To prevent an overdose of aspirin, read the l

40、abels before taking other pain relievers and cold products to be sure that they do not contain aspirin.Storage Conditions: 1. Store aspirin in a cool place or in a refrigerator. 2. Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar. 3. Keep this aspirin out of the reach of children. 31. Which of the

41、 following about Aspirin is correct?A. It only comes in the form of regular tablets.B. It should not be taken for more than 5 days for children. C. It can be used to reduce fever and pain and prevent blood clotting.D. It causes ringing in the ears or difficulty breathing after being taken32. If you

42、start taking aspirin, you should do all the following things EXCEPT _. A. keeping in touch with your doctor B. taking aspirin tablets after meals to avoid stomach upset C. drinking a full glass of juice immediately after taking chewable aspirin tablets D. taking more than 8 regular strength aspirin

43、a day while suffering from diabetes 33. The underlined word “resume” most probably means _.A. continue B. make up C. pause D. throw away34. Which of the following might be a side effect caused by Aspirin? A. blood clotting B. stomach upset C. lasting fever D. sight problem35. Where can we probably c

44、ome across such a text? A. In a research paper. B. In the package of a medicineC. In a medical textbook. D. In a scientific and technological magazine五、完形填空 I have been applying, interviewing, etc since July with no prospects(前景). I have been told mostly that I am overqualified, or they need fulltim

45、e etc. I had been getting pretty down and discouraged. I was actually asking myself why cant someone be kind enough to take me on as an 36 .This past Tuesday evening it was 37 outside and going to be 9 pm as I was waiting at a bus stop. Just as the bus 38 a young woman approached me. She had a T-shi

46、rt, Capri pants, and slippers on. She also was wearing several hospital bracelets. I 39 my purse and took out $5.00 so she could get something to eat. I then took off my jacket and 40 and gave them to her. I said, “These are a little big but they should keep 41 warm.” She looked at me and said “Aren

47、t you going to be cold?” I told her my being cold for 15 minutes 42 I got to my place was worth it if I knew she would be a little warmer. She sobbed and thanked me with a hug. I just told her to 43 .Then after I got on the bus thats 44 the miracle of spreading 45 happened. I stepped up to pay the 46 and the bus driver said, “Mam, I saw what you just did and your fare is 47 me, even though technically we arent s