科技英语及英语科技论文写作二

1、123nFirst impressions are strong impressions; a title ought therefore to be well studied, and to give, so far as its limits permit, a definite and concise indication of what is to come.T. Clifford Allbutt先入为主。因此，论文的标题应最大限度地对文章先入为主。因此，论文的标题应最大限度地对文章内容给出明确而简洁的指示。内容给出明确而简洁的指示。4Importance of the TitlenP

2、erhaps few people, if any, will read the entire paper, but many people will read the title, either in the original journal or in one of the secondary (abstracting and indexing) publications. nThe indexing and abstracting services depend heavily on the accuracy of the title. An improperly titled pape

3、r may be virtually lost and never reach its intended audience.56Length of the Titlenlong titles are often less meaningful than short ones. ExamplenMost excessively long titles contain waste words. Often, these waste words appear right at the start of the title, words such as A study of, Studies on,

4、Investigations on, and Observations on. 78nAn opening A, An, or The is also a waste word. nExample 1 标题可改为：标题可改为：Selectivity in direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2: role of catalyst on reaction kineticsnExample 2 标题可改为：标题可改为：Novel preparation of thin dense Pd membrane on macroporous stainless st

5、eel tubular filternExample 3 标题可改为：标题可改为： Dehydrogenation of ethanol in a palladium membrane reactor910Need for specific titlesExample: Properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve Catalytic properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve Catalytic properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve on cracking of cumene Deactivation o

6、f ZSM-5 molecular sieve on catalytic cracking of cumeneBad title:A study of the deactivation of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve on the catalytic cracking of the cumene11Exercise:pH值对沉淀法制备的碳酸钙比表面的影响Effect of pH on specific surface area of calcium carbonate prepared by precipitation以多孔陶瓷为载体的钯银合金膜的制备和表征Prepa

7、ration and characterization of Pd-Ag alloy membranes supported on porous ceramics汽油成分的气相色谱分析Gas-chromatography analysis on gasoline components12nTitle should not be a sentenceExample: “Oct-3 is a maternal factor required for the first mouse embryonic division” OCT-3是首次鼠胚胎分裂的母体因素(Cell 64:1103, 1991).

8、 nThe verb (is) is a waste word, in that it can be readily deleted without affecting comprehension. nInclusion of the is results in a title that now seems to be a loud assertion. But, it happens1314Running titles页头标题页头标题nAs an aid to readers, running titles or running heads are printed at the top of

9、 each page. nOften, the title of the journal or book is given at the top of left-facing pages and the article or chapter title is given at the top of right-facing pages. nUsually, a short version of the title is needed because of space limitations. n一般，页头标题由期刊自定。一般，页头标题由期刊自定。15Abbreviations in title

10、 nTitles should not contain abbreviations, proprietary专有的 names, jargon, and the like. Example: The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine : a technical review不能写成: “H2ICE：a technical review”.But, this kind of problem often happens1617How about chemical formula?n简单的化学式最好用英文表示，而稍复杂的化学简单的化学式最好用英文表

11、示，而稍复杂的化学式最好不译。式最好不译。 如如palladium, sodium, PdCl2, Na2MoO4, H3PW12O40. nH2O, Y-Ba-Cu-B-O等等。等等。n化学式往往更精确。化学式往往更精确。 如如 “iron oxide” 是是FeO，Fe2O3还是还是Fe3O4? “nitrogen oxide” 是是N2O, NO, N2O3, N2O4, NO2, N2O5中的哪一个？中的哪一个？Example181920nThe listing of authors should include those, and only those, who actively

12、contributed to the overall design and execution完成 of the experiments. 但是，存在剥削现象。nThe authors should normally be listed in order of importance to the experiments.nThe first author is often the senior author, in case that two authors contributes equally, a footnote may be addressed. 鼓励学生做第一作者，关键是要名实相符

13、。nVery often, the last author is the group leader. 21nCorresponding author Usually the supervisor or lab leader. nIf, before publication, the author has moved to a different address, the new address should be indicated in a Present Address footnote. n尊师。对学生来讲，通常在准备稿件时应该将作者栏空白，由导师在定稿时将作者加上，以显示对导师的尊重。

14、n爱生。反过来，导师也应该根据贡献的大小决定文章的署名，如学生是主要作者，应让学生作第一作者。2223nAn Abstract should be viewed as a mini-version of the paper. nThe Abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Experimental, Results and Discussion. nThe Abstract is often typed as a single paragr

15、aph, but there are exceptions: Example 1; Example 2. nThe Abstract should： (1) state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation, (2) describe the methods employed, (3) summarize the results, and (4) state the principal conclusions. 24nThe activities described in Abstract should be writt

16、en in the past tense. But description of the facts should be written in present tense.nThe Abstract should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. nReferences to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract (except in rare instances, such as modification of a pr

17、eviously published method). nAbstract containing reference: Example 1; Example 2.25nUnless a long term is used several times within an Abstract, do not abbreviate the term. nWrite the paper before you write the abstract, if at all possible. nChemical formulas and abbreviations of well-known characte

18、rization techniques can be written in abstract.nThe Abstract is almost universally the first part of the manuscript read during the review process. Therefore, it must be written clearly and simply. 26nUsually, a good Abstract is followed by a good paper; a poor Abstract is a harbinger预兆 of woes to c

19、ome. nWhen writing the Abstract, examine every word carefully. The use of abstruse难懂的, verbose 罗嗦的constructions is very likely to provoke a check in the reject box on the review form. nMany experienced writers prepare their title and Abstract after the paper is written.27nHow to list the keywords? I

20、nitial letter capitalized; Spacing out with semicolon.n Number of keywords.2829nAim: to supply sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate the results of the present study without needing to refer to previous publications on the topic. nThe Introduction should al

21、so provide the rationale基本原理 for the present study. nyou should state briefly and clearly your purpose in writing the paper. nChoose references carefully to provide the most important background information. 30http:/ n要写好一个Introduction，最重要的是要保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性，这两点是结合在一起的，即在符合逻辑性的基础上建立的关系。31n首先阐述自己研究领域的基本内容，要尽量简洁明