定语从句专题导学案

1、定语从句专题导学案开心自测1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those in the forest.A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grewD. once grew2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, many people have gonehome.A. that B. whichC. whose timeD. by which time3. Is thi

2、s the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained4. Luckily, we ' d brought a road map without we would have lost our way.A. it B. thatC. thisD. which5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from

3、 efforts he still suffers.A. which B. that C. whoseD. what6. It 's said that he ' s looking for a new job, one he can get more money to support hisfamily.A. when B. where C. that D. which7. We are living in an age many things are done on computer.A. which B. thatC. whoseD. when8. The little

4、time we have together we ' ll try wisely.A. spending itB. to spend itC. to spend D. spending that9. The old building, behind was a famous church, was we used to work.A. that, the placeB. it, the place C. which, whereD. what, where10. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some o

5、ther places, othervisitors seldom go.A. what B. which C. where D. when11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, the country became united.A. when B. if C. since D. until12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those in the forest.A. once they grewB. they grew once C. that on

6、ce grew D. once grew、定语的概念:定语是用来修饰名次或代词的。比如：（先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语）a beautiful girl （）Jim ' s father （）the man in the car （）three boys （） a shoe factory （our teacher （）the man sta nding at the door （）the man who is talki ng with Sam（）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词

7、叫 先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：The man who is shak ing hands with my father is a policema n.2.定语从句的主要特征：（1 ）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2） what永远不能引导定语从句；（3 ）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“的”三、定语从句的基本用法:who（主语、宾语），whom（宾语）， that（主语、宾语）,whose定语）that（主语、宾语）,which住语、宾语） whose定语）where （地点状语）when （时间状语）

8、why （原因状语）疋语从句（I）:由关系代词that, which , who, whose引导的疋语从句。定语从句：修饰名词或代词，在句子中充当定语成分的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系代词：引导定语从句的词，如 that, which， who, whom， whose等，它们指代先行词 并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词 的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。定语从句的三个步骤:第一，找出先行词； 第二，看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(作主语、宾语、定语或状语)； 第三，选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。一、关系代词 that, which ，

9、who, whose 引导定语从句的基本用法：1. that, who (在口语或非正式用法中作宾语 ；只可指人),whom三者都可指代人，在 定语从句中， that 作主语或宾语； who 作主语，也能作宾语； whom 只能作宾语，作宾语的 关系代词可以省略。e.g. He is the teacher that/who teaches us English.He is the teacher (that/who/whom) we want to visit.2. that, which 指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时也可以省略。e.g. He has many books t

10、hat/which are very interesting.3. whose 只用作定语 , 可指代人和物。若指物，它还可以与of which 互换。e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover is green.=Please pass me the book of which the cover is green. 二、下面几种情况下必须用 that ，而不用 which 引导定语从句：(1) 先行词为不定代词， 如 all, muc

11、h, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。如：1. We should do all that is useful to the people .(2) 先行词被 only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。如：(3) 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。如：1. When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.(4) 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：1. This i

12、s the best that can be done now.(5) 先行词既有人又有物，用 which 和 who 都不适合，这时宜用 that. 如：1. The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .(6) 被修饰词为数词时 . 如：1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .(7) 如果有两个从句，其

13、中一个关系代词已用 which ,另一个关系代词宜用 that,以避免语言的单调或重复。如：1.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(8)疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。如：1. Which is the book that you like best?三. 定语从句中宜用 which而不宜用that的情况：(1) 当关系代词的前面有介词时 . 如：1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animal

14、s are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?(2) 在非限制性定语从句中 . 如：1. Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2. More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which 指代主句 )(3) 在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从

15、句的关系代词用了 that, 另一个宜用 which . 如：1. Let me show you the nove,l that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.(4) 当关系代词后面带有插入语时 . 如：1. Here&#

16、39;s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.(5) 先行词本身是 that, 宜用 which . 如： What's that which she is looking at?四. who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用 who,而不宜用that(1)先行词为 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, peope.女口：1.The person I want to learn from is the one

17、 who studies hard and works well.(2) 在 There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词 who 指代人 .如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .(3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时 . 如：1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.(4) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that , 另一个则宜用 who, 以免重复 . 如：1. The

18、 student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .五.as & which弓I导非限制性定语从句的区别：(1) 位置的不同：which 弓导的定语从句只置于所限制的 句子后； as 位置较灵活，也就是说 as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. Jack, as you know, is an

19、 honest man或 Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或 As you know, Jack is an honest man.(2) 先行词的不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which 弓导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个 句子。1. He was proud, which his brother never was.(先行词是一个词)She was very patie nt towards the childre n, which her husba nd seldom was先 行词是一个短语

20、)He was proud, which I dislike very much.(先行词是一个句子)2. He is an honest man, as is known to all.He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.(3) as 一般译为 "正如 ""就像"， "这一点 "as we all know； as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as

21、we have imagined.in/on/at which 代替。1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/at which代替。Shan ghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用for which来代替。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句Attributive clause:限制性定语从句restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先仃词在意义上不可缺少的疋语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意

22、义。这种从 句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说 明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从 句，写时往往逗号分开。TI was the only person who was invited in my officeJenny, with whom I played table tennis yesterday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterdayhas come again.That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at

23、 a middle school.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who（主语）,whom（宾语），指物时须用which.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用 that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行 词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见

24、上句翻译）限制性定语从句举例:Chi na is a cou ntry which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。非限制性定语从句举例His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。（三） 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied injs very famous.=The school in which he once stu

25、died is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。We' ll go to hear the famous sin ger (whom / who / that) we have ofte n talked about.=We' ll go to hear the famous sin ger e have ofte n talked.我们将去听那位This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boyplayed tenn is yesterday.

26、这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。注意：1.含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。女如： look for,look after, take care of, give up 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looki ng for.(正)这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am look ing .（误）2 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man wit

27、h whom you talked just now is my n eighbor.（正）你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my n eighbor.(误)The pla ne in which we flew to Can ada was really comfortable. 机实在很舒服。（正）我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞The pla ne in that we flew to Can ada was really comfortable.(误)3. 介词 + 关系代词"前还可有 som

28、e, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。如:He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。我们班总共有There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom

29、 are from big cities.4 0个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了 10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。（四）当先行词被 one of修饰时，若one of前有the only,则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有 only的话则用复数。He is one of the students whonever late. 译成汉语： He is the only one of the students whonever lat

30、e.译成汉语： （五）先行词是时间却不用when引导，先行词是地点却不用 where引导，先行词是原因却不用why引导。用that或which引导I will n ever forget the dayswe climbed the mou ntain together.I will n ever forget the dayswe spe nt together.We visited the houseLu Xun used to live.We visited the houseLu Xun used to live in.This is the reas onhe was un happ

31、y.This is the reas onhe expla ined to me.（六）当先行词被 such, the same修饰时，关系词常用as。女口：I' ve never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与 as引导的定语从句意思

32、有区别。如：She wore the same dressthat she wore at Mary' s wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一 条连衣裙。She wore the same dressas her youn ger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。（七）以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way he an swered the questi ons was surpris ing. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。I don' t like the w

33、ayyou laugh at her.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。专题综合】1 The town we visited last month is the one the famous painter was born.A where; which B which; whereCwhich; thatD where; where2 We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when3.We hope that the mea

34、sures to control the stock market, are taken by the government, willwork.A. thatB. where C. which D. what4 Many factors influence a student in his/her study, I think are out of a teacher' sA. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that5 Obama won the election. It's amazing!

35、 Yes. But the result was within we had expected, brought great joy to manyyoung people and the black.06 He' s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over theplane.A. whereB. whichC. while D. why7.It was in the factory his friend worked he picked up a lot of experienc

36、e.A. where, where B. that, where C. that, thatD. where, that8 Today the public is much concerned about the way .A nature is being ruinedB which nature is ruinedCon which to ruin natureDof nature to be ruined9Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can' t be the only prepara

37、tion forall of the situations appear in the working world.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. what10 Is it the years you worked in Africa as a doctor have a great effect onyour literary works?A. that; whereB. that; that C. when; whereD. when; that11. Was it in the waitingroom _ only allows mothers-to-beto enter that you lost yourwallet?A. /B. whereC. thatD.when12 Obama, lifewas oncehard whenhe was young,were elected Presiden